我國(guo)于1983年制定了《水工(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物(wu)巖行基(ji)礎(chu)開挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規范(fan)》(sD 121l一(yi)1983)。自此(ci)，在(zai)水利(li)水電(dian)建(jian)設(she)中(zhong)預(yu)(yu)裂爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)與光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)已(yi)成為(wei)必須進行的(de)(de)保護邊(bian)坡質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)開挖(wa)技(ji)術(shu)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)。此(ci)后在(zai)此(ci)基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)修訂(ding)的(de)(de)《水工(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物(wu)巖石基(ji)礎(chu)開挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規范(fan)》(SL 47一(yi)1994)以(yi)及在(zai)《水電(dian)水利(li)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規范(fan)》(DL／T 5135—2001)和(he)《水工(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物(wu)巖石基(ji)礎(chu)開挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規范(fan)》(DL／T 5389～2007)中(zhong)預(yu)(yu)裂爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)與光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)均被編(bian)入并有(you)所改進，DL／T 5135—2001正(zheng)在(zai)修編(bian)為(wei)DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道部也不僅規定了凡是Ⅲ級以(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)巖石邊(bian)坡，設(she)計邊(bian)坡坡度(du)為(wei)1：0．1～1：0．75，在(zai)邊(bian)坡部位的(de)(de)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)設(she)計和(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)都(dou)應采用光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)或預(yu)(yu)裂爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，并闡述了光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)(yu)裂)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)設(she)計的(de)(de)原則和(he)參(can)數、安(an)全措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，而且(qie)還明(ming)確了路塹邊(bian)坡光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)(yu)裂)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)項目質(zhi)量(liang)驗收(shou)檢(jian)測數量(liang)和(he)檢(jian)測方法。無疑該規程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)實施(shi)(shi)(shi)，有(you)力地推動和(he)促進了光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)(yu)裂)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)在(zai)鐵路建(jian)設(she)中(zhong)的(de)(de)應用與發(fa)展。

水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)基礎上發展(zhan)起來的(de)一項(xiang)新技(ji)術(shu)，其(qi)掏槽眼(yan)、輔助(zhu)眼(yan)裝藥結構(gou)和(he)(he)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)方式與水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)相同，但在(zai)周邊(bian)眼(yan)中安裝專用(yong)(yong)(yong)線(xian)性(xing)聚能藥管(guan)替代(dai)常規爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)藥卷和(he)(he)傳(chuan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)線(xian)，利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)線(xian)性(xing)聚能藥管(guan)產生的(de)粒子(zi)射(she)流(liu)動(dong)能、高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)氣體應力及“氣楔”作用(yong)(yong)(yong)，形成(cheng)平整圓(yuan)順(shun)的(de)開挖輪廓面(mian)(mian)，對控制超欠(qian)挖具有(you)良好效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果，有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)提升了隧道(dao)施工(gong)質量(liang)(liang)、進度(du)和(he)(he)經濟(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)益。水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)較水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，在(zai)周邊(bian)眼(yan)單循環火工(gong)品使用(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)上節(jie)(jie)約(yue)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)8.3%，周邊(bian)眼(yan)鉆孔數量(liang)(liang)從(cong)39個下(xia)降為23個費用(yong)(yong)(yong)節(jie)(jie)約(yue)41%，混凝土噴射(she)每延(yan)米節(jie)(jie)約(yue)1.37立方米。聚能水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)比水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)每循環節(jie)(jie)約(yue)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)258.4元，即每延(yan)米節(jie)(jie)約(yue)76較元，節(jie)(jie)約(yue)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)比例達32%。此外，聚能水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)能有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)降低隧道(dao)內(nei)石(shi)渣塊度(du)和(he)(he)粉塵含量(liang)(liang)，還可使通風時(shi)間(jian)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)縮短33%。

在建造隧道的時候，人們首先想到的個方式，就是使用爆破技術，專業雙向爆破聚能管開山挖隧道修路，常規爆破技術需要使用數以噸計的炸，炸的威力十分巨大，但是在炸完之后，空氣中全是煙塵，根本無法進入，另外常規爆破炸出來的輪廓線凹凸不平，后期常常需要工人進一步修補輪廓線才能進行下一道工序，耗時耗力，那么有沒有其他的方式比常規爆破技術更好呢？2018年3月，央視報道了一場隧道爆破對比實驗，實驗采用兩種爆破技術，滴喲中是使用炸的常規爆破技術，第二種則是國人新發明的聚能水壓光面爆破技術，隨著聲聲巨響，這場對比試驗的結果超乎所有人的意料，德州雙向爆破聚能管聚能水壓爆(bao)破(po)技術的(de)爆(bao)炸效果(guo)更(geng)好，而且爆(bao)破(po)產生的(de)水霧(wu)能將煙(yan)塵覆(fu)蓋，起到(dao)降塵的(de)作用，這項爆(bao)破(po)新方式(shi)得到(dao)了(le)觀眾(zhong)們的(de)認可。

在(zai)工程爆(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)(zhong)，常用的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導火索起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)管起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)利用電(dian)(dian)能使雷管爆(bao)(bao)炸(zha)，進而起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)炸(zha)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)芳(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。它(ta)所(suo)需的(de)(de)(de)器(qi)材有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)雷管、導線和(he)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。電(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)網路的(de)(de)(de)連(lian)接(jie)形(xing)式，要(yao)根據爆(bao)(bao)破(po)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)破(po)規模(mo)、工程的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)性(xing)、所(suo)選起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及其(qi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)能力等(deng)進行選擇(ze)，基本(ben)連(lian)接(jie)方式有(you)(you)：串聯、并聯、串并聯和(he)并串聯等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)具有(you)(you)較(jiao)安全(quan)、可靠、準(zhun)確、高(gao)效等(deng)優點，在(zai)國內外(wai)仍占有(you)(you)較(jiao)大(da)比重(zhong)。在(zai)大(da)、中(zhong)(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)(zhong)，主要(yao)仍是(shi)用電(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)。特別是(shi)在(zai)有(you)(you)瓦斯、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)炸(zha)的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境中(zhong)(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)是(shi)主要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)。但(dan)電(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)容易受各種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)信號的(de)(de)(de)干擾而發生早(zao)爆(bao)(bao)，因此在(zai)有(you)(you)雜(za)散電(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)、雷電(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)、高(gao)壓感(gan)應電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境中(zhong)(zhong)，不能使用普(pu)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)雷管。

水(shui)(shui)壓爆(bao)(bao)破(po)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)炮(pao)孔(kong)兩端填充水(shui)(shui)袋(dai)(dai)，中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)裝上乳化炸，炮(pao)孔(kong)再(zai)用炮(pao)泥(ni)封死，炮(pao)孔(kong)間(jian)(jian)距很大，兩個(ge)(ge)炮(pao)空之間(jian)(jian)相距了一米左(zuo)右，是(shi)常規爆(bao)(bao)破(po)的炮(pao)孔(kong)間(jian)(jian)距的兩倍，這(zhe)樣可以節省炮(pao)孔(kong)材料，這(zhe)兩個(ge)(ge)凹槽又稱為聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能槽，聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能槽非常重要，放(fang)置的位置和(he)方向都十分(fen)(fen)講究，一點也不能出(chu)錯，在(zai)(zai)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)的瞬間(jian)(jian)，高(gao)溫高(gao)壓聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能射流立即往凹槽兩邊(bian)(bian)的巖石進行切(qie)(qie)割，巖石如同豆腐一樣輕松被(bei)切(qie)(qie)割切(qie)(qie)割出(chu)來的輪廓線十分(fen)(fen)平順，效果(guo)極好，聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能水(shui)(shui)壓爆(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)的水(shui)(shui)袋(dai)(dai)沒(mei)有(you)降低爆(bao)(bao)破(po)的效果(guo)，反而能保護隧道周(zhou)(zhou)邊(bian)(bian)植被(bei)，減少地質(zhi)擾動，降低煙(yan)塵，重要的是(shi)節省炸成本，在(zai)(zai)未來這(zhe)項(xiang)技(ji)術會廣泛應用于工程中(zhong)，降低施工成本。爆(bao)(bao)破(po)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能管水(shui)(shui)壓光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)較水(shui)(shui)壓光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)，在(zai)(zai)周(zhou)(zhou)邊(bian)(bian)眼(yan)單(dan)循環火(huo)工品使(shi)用量上節約費用8.3%，周(zhou)(zhou)邊(bian)(bian)眼(yan)鉆(zhan)孔(kong)數量從39個(ge)(ge)下降為23個(ge)(ge)費用節約41%，混凝(ning)土噴射每延米節約1.37立方米。

各種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)器材銷(xiao)毀(hui)以(yi)及(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)器材意外爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸時(shi)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)源(yuan)與人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)和(he)其他保(bao)護(hu)對象之間的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)稱為(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)應取各種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)效應（地震(zhen)、沖擊波(bo)、飛石、有(you)毒(du)氣體等）分(fen)別核定(ding)的(de)(de)大值。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)時(shi)，必然產生爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地震(zhen)、空氣沖擊波(bo)、碎石飛散及(ji)有(you)害氣體，因(yin)此，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)設計時(shi)必須確(que)(que)定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)危害范圍，并確(que)(que)定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)點到附近人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)、設備、建筑物及(ji)井(jing)巷(xiang)等的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)，這(zhe)一段距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)就稱為(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)。如(ru)何控(kong)制好(hao)這(zhe)段距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)就顯的(de)(de)尤為(wei)重要(yao)。為(wei)保(bao)證爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地點與人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)或其他應保(bao)護(hu)對象之間必須保(bao)持短的(de)(de)相隔長度。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)有(you)害效應隨距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)的(de)(de)增加有(you)規律地衰減，用(yong)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)作為(wei)安(an)全(quan)(quan)尺度可限定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)有(you)害效應在(zai)允(yun)許限度之內。中國《爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)規程》規定(ding)了爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地震(zhen)安(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)，個別飛散物安(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)，以(yi)及(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸沖擊波(bo)的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)。