給大家介紹(shao)下(xia)爆(bao)破聚能(neng)管的(de)技術原理∶炸(zha)藥爆(bao)炸(zha)產生(sheng)的(de)爆(bao)轟(hong)波通過聚能(neng)管的(de)聚能(neng)槽，將(jiang)炸(zha)藥的(de)動能(neng)、勢能(neng)轉換成(cheng)高壓、高速(su)、高能(neng)的(de)射流(liu)，切(qie)割演(yan)示(shi)成(cheng)縫(feng)。射流(liu)在(zai)孔(kong)壁產生(sheng)射流(liu)壓力達(da)7000MPa，巖(yan)石動載抗(kang)壓強(qiang)度為(wei)(wei)200MPa，抗(kang)拉(la)為(wei)(wei)1/8～1/10的(de)抗(kang)壓強(qiang)度，相鄰兩(liang)炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)互(hu)為(wei)(wei)鄰空面，疊加后的(de)壓縮波變為(wei)(wei)稀疏波，在(zai)兩(liang)炮(pao)(pao)眼連(lian)線上使(shi)巖(yan)石結構(gou)斷(duan)裂(lie)，形成(cheng)裂(lie)紋(wen)。準靜態(tai)氣體膨脹，靜態(tai)壓力在(zai)兩(liang)炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)最短連(lian)線兩(liang)側產生(sheng)拉(la)力使(shi)巖(yan)石裂(lie)縫(feng)進(jin)一步擴(kuo)展。根(gen)據(ju)爆(bao)破應力集中氣刃(ren)作用原則，爆(bao)破氣體沿裂(lie)縫(feng)進(jin)一步擴(kuo)大貫(guan)通，拋落巖(yan)石。

專用多向聚能管采用一種抗靜電阻燃的特種塑料管、異形雙槽聚能管，根據炮眼深度可長可短。鹽城多向聚能管是兩個相似半壁管組成(cheng)，半壁管中央有(you)個凹進(jin)去的槽(cao)叫做'聚(ju)能槽(cao)"，使用聚(ju)能管光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)成(cheng)型(xing)效果好，開挖輪(lun)廓線(xian)平(ping)順(shun)整齊，圍巖擾動(dong)(dong)減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)、超欠挖明顯(xian)改善，有(you)利(li)于支護工(gong)(gong)序施工(gong)(gong)，同時(shi)(shi)混凝土回填成(cheng)本大(da)為(wei)降(jiang)低(di)。鑿孔率(lv)(lv)減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)30%，大(da)大(da)降(jiang)低(di)了(le)(le)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)作業(ye)工(gong)(gong)班的勞動(dong)(dong)量(liang)(liang):鉆孔縮短30分(fen)鐘、少(shao)(shao)打眼、出渣量(liang)(liang)減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)，降(jiang)低(di)了(le)(le)材料成(cheng)本、減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)時(shi)(shi)消耗、勞動(dong)(dong)效率(lv)(lv)明顯(xian)提(ti)高，周邊眼爆(bao)(bao)破(po)成(cheng)本降(jiang)低(di)30%以(yi)上，半眼痕保留率(lv)(lv)高達85%以(yi)上。pvc爆(bao)(bao)破(po)聚(ju)能管主(zhu)要應用于隧道、煤礦(kuang)、鐵(tie)礦(kuang)等需要進(jin)行光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)施工(gong)(gong)的工(gong)(gong)程。采用聚(ju)能管的光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)可減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)鉆孔，擴大(da)孔距，減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)導爆(bao)(bao)管用量(liang)(liang)，減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)超挖，減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)噴(pen)漿，提(ti)高半孔率(lv)(lv)，既節省了(le)(le)成(cheng)本又提(ti)高了(le)(le)施工(gong)(gong)效率(lv)(lv)。

是由管(guan)體、前(qian)錐形定(ding)格(ge)帽(mao)、后(hou)定(ding)格(ge)堵構成(cheng)，管(guan)體為塑(su)性材料制成(cheng)，呈管(guan)狀(zhuang)，管(guan)體外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)小于(yu)正常炮眼內(nei)(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)，長度可隨爆破需(xu)要生(sheng)產(chan)，管(guan)體兩(liang)端各(ge)有外(wai)(wai)螺(luo)紋(wen)，兩(liang)端外(wai)(wai)螺(luo)紋(wen)間有一(yi)(yi)(yi)縱向切縫(feng)，切縫(feng)間等距有加強(qiang)筋(jin)，前(qian)錐形定(ding)格(ge)帽(mao)呈傘狀(zhuang)，傘形尖有一(yi)(yi)(yi)光孔，兩(liang)側直(zhi)壁內(nei)(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)有螺(luo)紋(wen)，與(yu)管(guan)體外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)前(qian)端螺(luo)紋(wen)配合(he)，帽(mao)體外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)大于(yu)管(guan)體，后(hou)定(ding)格(ge)堵為一(yi)(yi)(yi)封蓋，外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)大于(yu)管(guan)體外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)，與(yu)前(qian)錐形定(ding)格(ge)帽(mao)外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)致，后(hou)定(ding)格(ge)堵內(nei)(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)有螺(luo)紋(wen)，與(yu)管(guan)體外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)后(hou)端螺(luo)紋(wen)配合(he)。可根據(ju)炮眼深度采用合(he)適的聚(ju)能管(guan)管(guan)體，不需(xu)其(qi)他工(gong)具幫助送入炮眼，切縫(feng)方向準確，兩(liang)端的前(qian)錐形定(ding)格(ge)帽(mao)和后(hou)定(ding)格(ge)堵外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)與(yu)炮眼內(nei)(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)致，保(bao)證聚(ju)能管(guan)管(guan)體同(tong)心，定(ding)向準確。且利于(yu)工(gong)業(ye)化生(sheng)產(chan)，作業(ye)安全

聚(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)法(fa)特點是:不(bu)(bu)需要打眼，因而(er)不(bu)(bu)需要購買(mai)打眼設(she)備(bei)和(he)(he)動力設(she)備(bei);施(shi)(shi)工(gong)簡單(dan)(dan)，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)進度(du)比淺眼爆破(po)(po)(po)法(fa)快安全性比普通淺眼爆破(po)(po)(po)法(fa)和(he)(he)普通裸露藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)法(fa)好(hao);勞動強度(du)比淺眼爆破(po)(po)(po)法(fa)低。制(zhi)造(zao)聚(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)所采用的(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有:黑索金(jin)和(he)(he)梯(ti)恩梯(ti)混合熔鑄型(xing);乳化油炸(zha)(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)和(he)(he)黑索金(jin)混裝型(xing)和(he)(he)二號巖(yan)石硝(xiao)鉸炸(zha)(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)壓制(zhi)型(xing)。根據(ju)使用的(de)(de)(de)結果證明(ming)，選(xuan)用密度(du)較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)和(he)(he)爆速較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)制(zhi)造(zao)聚(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)能(neng)獲得較(jiao)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)破(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)效果。這主要是由于(yu)它加工(gong)簡單(dan)(dan)和(he)(he)破(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)能(neng)力較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)。在(zai)礦山由于(yu)二次破(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)消耗的(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)較(jiao)多(duo)，而(er)且金(jin)屬藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)型(xing)罩的(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)費(fei)(fei)工(gong)又費(fei)(fei)材料，所以(yi)多(duo)不(bu)(bu)采用藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)型(xing)罩。國內(nei)生(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)一種用于(yu)破(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)大(da)(da)(da)塊的(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)，裝置(zhi)(zhi)聚(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)時(shi)，要將(jiang)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)垂直裝在(zai)大(da)(da)(da)塊的(de)(de)(de)頂面上，聚(ju)能(neng)穴朝下。藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)位置(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)選(xuan)在(zai)頂面的(de)(de)(de)幾何中心或附近較(jiao)平整的(de)(de)(de)地點。然后在(zai)上面覆(fu)蓋(gai)泥沙(sha)。

不(bu)(bu)成(cheng)功(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事例是(shi)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，如爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)而不(bu)(bu)倒、實施(shi)定(ding)向(xiang)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破后沒有(you)按爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破方(fang)案(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)向(xiang)倒塌(ta)等(deng)等(deng)。這(zhe)些事例警(jing)示:從爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破設計(ji)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破器(qi)材(cai)質量、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破施(shi)工(gong)到(dao)起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路連接等(deng)，只要(yao)(yao)有(you)一個(ge)環節出(chu)現失誤，都將影響爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效果，乃(nai)至造成(cheng)嚴重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后果。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破作業無(wu)論是(shi)老舊建筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)本(ben)身還是(shi)周圍環境都十分復雜，這(zhe)不(bu)(bu)僅(jin)要(yao)(yao)求認(ren)真調查(cha)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結構(包括施(shi)工(gong)缺陷(xian))，分析受(shou)(shou)力狀況，同時還要(yao)(yao)對(dui)采(cai)取技術措施(shi)(如預(yu)(yu)處理(li)、嵌補、支撐等(deng))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)靠和(he)安全性進(jin)行(xing)分析，對(dui)可(ke)能(neng)出(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意外情況，應預(yu)(yu)先(xian)制(zhi)定(ding)應急方(fang)案(an)，努力避免安全事故(gu)和(he)不(bu)(bu)必要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損失。工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環保性越來越受(shou)(shou)到(dao)人們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關注(zhu)，同時，探索無(wu)公害的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拆除爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破技術，一直是(shi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破工(gong)作者追求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目標(biao)。設立掩蔽(bi)體(ti)對(dui)物(wu)體(ti)加以保護(hu)，簡(jian)單的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)辦法(fa)是(shi)用(yong)草袋、竹笆一類材(cai)料覆蓋在需要(yao)(yao)保護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)體(ti)上面(mian);對(dui)房屋和(he)機器(qi)設備常(chang)要(yao)(yao)在迎面(mian)和(he)頂部豎立排架，用(yong)木板(ban)或荊笆上罩鐵絲網，抵(di)御較(jiao)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飛石和(he)較(jiao)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)氣沖擊波的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)打(da)擊;對(dui)某些重要(yao)(yao)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)打(da)防震(zhen)孔或者用(yong)預(yu)(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破將爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破區和(he)被保護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)或工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)設施(shi)隔離開來。

在工程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)(zhong)，常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)有：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導(dao)火索起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能使雷(lei)管爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)，進而起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)藥(yao)的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)(fa)(fa)。它所需的(de)(de)器(qi)材(cai)有：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管、導(dao)線和(he)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網(wang)路的(de)(de)連接(jie)(jie)形(xing)式，要(yao)根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破方法(fa)(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破規模、工程的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)性、所選(xuan)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源及其起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能力(li)(li)等(deng)(deng)進行選(xuan)擇，基本連接(jie)(jie)方式有：串聯、并(bing)聯、串并(bing)聯和(he)并(bing)串聯等(deng)(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)具有較安全、可靠(kao)、準確、高(gao)效等(deng)(deng)優點，在國內(nei)外仍(reng)占有較大比重(zhong)。在大、中(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)(zhong)，主要(yao)仍(reng)是(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是(shi)在有瓦(wa)斯、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)的(de)(de)環境中(zhong)(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)主要(yao)的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容(rong)易受各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號的(de)(de)干擾而發(fa)生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在有雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高(gao)壓感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)環境中(zhong)(zhong)，不(bu)能使用(yong)普通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管。