一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、查(cha)驗生產(chan)企業(ye)資(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)：1、經過(guo)歷年(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)審(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)人(ren)營業(ye)執(zhi)照：一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般情況下(xia)，個(ge)體(ti)工商(shang)戶、個(ge)人(ren)獨資(zi)企業(ye)注冊資(zi)金低于人(ren)民幣五十萬元的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)即(ji)可(ke)認(ren)定為(wei)家(jia)(jia)庭作坊式廠家(jia)(jia)。2、具(ju)備(bei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般納(na)稅(shui)(shui)人(ren)資(zi)格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稅(shui)(shui)務登記證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)：企業(ye)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)度銷售額達(da)到或超過(guo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定金額（以稅(shui)(shui)務發票(piao)開具(ju)數額為(wei)準）并經主管稅(shui)(shui)務機關(guan)核準、具(ju)備(bei)獨立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開票(piao)場所、專職會計及相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)辦(ban)稅(shui)(shui)機具(ju)才(cai)能升級為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般納(na)稅(shui)(shui)人(ren)企業(ye)。3、經過(guo)歷年(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)審(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組織機構代碼證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)：組織機構代碼證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)是中華人(ren)民共和(he)國(guo)境內(nei)始終不變的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)定代碼標識(shi)，未經年(nian)(nian)(nian)度審(shen)驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，可(ke)視為(wei)非法(fa)機構。4、國(guo)家(jia)(jia)強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)書：一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般情況下(xia)，所有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜生產(chan)企業(ye)只要生產(chan)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)范圍內(nei)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必(bi)須通(tong)過(guo)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)（CCC）。依基(ji)本常識(shi)判(pan)斷，既然單位名稱為(wei)“xxx電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)廠”“xxx線(xian)(xian)(xian)纜廠”，其產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)未通(tong)過(guo)或從未通(tong)過(guo)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)明其硬件、軟件設施及人(ren)員配備(bei)根(gen)本達(da)不到一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)合格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜生產(chan)廠家(jia)(jia)應(ying)具(ju)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件。5、國(guo)際質(zhi)(zhi)量體(ti)系認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)書：ISO國(guo)際質(zhi)(zhi)量體(ti)系認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)是一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)企業(ye)整體(ti)素質(zhi)(zhi)、產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量管理水平以及服務水平的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標志(zhi)。6、開戶許可(ke)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。

我(wo)國于1983年(nian)制定了(le)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建筑(zhu)物巖(yan)行基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術規范》(sD 121l一1983)。自(zi)此(ci)，在(zai)水(shui)利(li)水(shui)電建設(she)(she)中預(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)與光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)已成(cheng)為必(bi)須進(jin)行的(de)(de)保護邊坡(po)質量的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)技(ji)術措施(shi)(shi)。此(ci)后在(zai)此(ci)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)上修訂的(de)(de)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建筑(zhu)物巖(yan)石(shi)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術規范》(SL 47一1994)以及在(zai)《水(shui)電水(shui)利(li)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術規范》(DL／T 5135—2001)和《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建筑(zhu)物巖(yan)石(shi)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術規范》(DL／T 5389～2007)中預(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)與光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)均被編(bian)入并(bing)有(you)所(suo)改進(jin)，DL／T 5135—2001正在(zai)修編(bian)為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道(dao)部也不(bu)僅規定了(le)凡是Ⅲ級以上的(de)(de)巖(yan)石(shi)邊坡(po)，設(she)(she)計邊坡(po)坡(po)度為1：0．1～1：0．75，在(zai)邊坡(po)部位(wei)的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)設(she)(she)計和施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都(dou)應采用(yong)(yong)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)或預(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)，并(bing)闡述了(le)光(guang)面(預(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術設(she)(she)計的(de)(de)原則和參數、安全措施(shi)(shi)，而(er)且還明確了(le)路塹邊坡(po)光(guang)面(預(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)項目質量驗收檢測(ce)數量和檢測(ce)方(fang)法。無疑該(gai)規程(cheng)的(de)(de)實施(shi)(shi)，有(you)力地(di)推動和促(cu)進(jin)了(le)光(guang)面(預(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術在(zai)鐵路建設(she)(she)中的(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)與發(fa)展。

在(zai)(zai)工程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中，常用(yong)(yong)的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)有(you)(you)(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導火索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)是(shi)(shi)利用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能使雷(lei)(lei)(lei)管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸，進而(er)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳(fang)法(fa)。它所需的(de)器材有(you)(you)(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)管(guan)、導線和起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的(de)連接形式，要(yao)根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方法(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)規模、工程的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)性、所選起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及其起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能力等(deng)進行選擇，基(ji)本連接方式有(you)(you)(you)(you)：串聯(lian)、并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)、串并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)和并(bing)(bing)串聯(lian)等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)安全、可靠、準確、高(gao)(gao)效等(deng)優點，在(zai)(zai)國(guo)內外仍占有(you)(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)大(da)比重(zhong)。在(zai)(zai)大(da)、中型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中，主要(yao)仍是(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)瓦斯、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的(de)環境(jing)(jing)中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)(shi)主要(yao)的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易(yi)受各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號的(de)干(gan)擾而(er)發生早(zao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此(ci)在(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)雜(za)散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高(gao)(gao)壓感應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)環境(jing)(jing)中，不能使用(yong)(yong)普通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)管(guan)。

發(fa)揮巨大效力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵(jian)又(you)在(zai)其上面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)槽”上。項(xiang)(xiang)目部目前(qian)(qian)采用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管有兩個“聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)槽”，通(tong)過(guo)這兩個聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)槽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用讓(rang)爆炸(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)威力在(zai)隧道(dao)中切(qie)割出(chu)十(shi)分平順的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輪廓(kuo)線(xian)，的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制了(le)爆破量，有效管控(kong)了(le)超挖欠挖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現象。為(wei)了(le)進(jin)(jin)一步嚴格控(kong)制開挖輪廓(kuo)，達到提高光面爆破效果的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，并研究出(chu)了(le)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管上兩個“聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)槽”變(bian)為(wei)三個“聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)槽”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)明設計，目前(qian)(qian)，該發(fa)明設計已經(jing)進(jin)(jin)入到了(le)試生(sheng)產階段。未(wei)來(lai)，三“聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)槽”設計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)水壓爆破技(ji)(ji)術(shu)將推動(dong)中鐵十(shi)四(si)局四(si)公司(si)張吉懷鐵路(lu)項(xiang)(xiang)目部施工開展(zhan)邁上一個新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臺(tai)階，給項(xiang)(xiang)目部帶來(lai)巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟效益。工程爆破技(ji)(ji)術(shu)經(jing)過(guo)幾十(shi)年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)，已經(jing)滲透到經(jing)濟建設的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)眾多領(ling)域，特別為(wei)中國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵路(lu)建設、礦山開采、城市拆(chai)舊(jiu)定向爆破等做出(chu)了(le)重(zhong)要貢(gong)獻。

水壓(ya)(ya)光面爆破技術，是(shi)在水壓(ya)(ya)光面爆破技術基(ji)礎上發展起來(lai)的(de)一項新技術，其(qi)(qi)掏槽眼、輔助眼裝(zhuang)藥結構和(he)爆破方式與水壓(ya)(ya)光面爆破相同，但在周邊眼中安(an)裝(zhuang)專(zhuan)(zhuan)用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管裝(zhuang)置(zhi)替代(dai)常規(gui)爆破藥卷和(he)傳爆線，利(li)用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管產生(sheng)的(de)粒(li)子射流(liu)動能(neng)(neng)(neng)、高壓(ya)(ya)爆破氣體應(ying)力(li)及“氣楔”作用(yong)，形(xing)成平整(zheng)圓順的(de)開挖(wa)輪廓面，對(dui)控(kong)制超(chao)欠挖(wa)具(ju)有(you)良好效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)，有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)提升(sheng)了隧道施(shi)工(gong)質量、進度和(he)經濟(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)益。科學(xue)合(he)理(li)地利(li)用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源，提高能(neng)(neng)(neng)源利(li)用(yong)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率，對(dui)節能(neng)(neng)(neng)減排(pai)也十分重要。利(li)用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管兩端的(de)水平開出的(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽產生(sheng)的(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)射流(liu)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)對(dui)巖石(shi)進行破碎。據專(zhuan)(zhuan)家測算，由于聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管兩端聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽產生(sheng)的(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)切(qie)割效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)，其(qi)(qi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)比(bi)提升(sheng)一個量級(ji)。

在鐵路、礦山、水庫等大型工程中，礦用型雙向聚能管價格爆破技術的作用很關鍵很重要。采礦修路的開山挖隧道，城市對舊建筑物的拆除，都會用到爆破技術。隨著經濟的發展、工程建設的增多，專業礦用型雙向聚能管爆(bao)破引起了(le)人們更多(duo)的(de)關注。爆(bao)破聚能(neng)管(guan)作為一種科學(xue)技術，應(ying)用(yong)(yong)很(hen)廣(guang)，但在(zai)工程(cheng)(cheng)上的(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)無疑是(shi)(shi)重要(yao)、常見(jian)的(de)，采(cai)礦(kuang)開(kai)山，修鐵路(lu)(lu)、公路(lu)(lu)用(yong)(yong)鉆爆(bao)法(fa)來開(kai)掘隧道，水利工程(cheng)(cheng)上也用(yong)(yong)一些，城市(shi)里(li)面也使用(yong)(yong)了(le)，拆除樓房(fang)。利用(yong)(yong)炸爆(bao)炸產生的(de)巨大(da)能(neng)量破壞某種物體的(de)原結構(gou)，這(zhe)種"破壞"效果不是(shi)(shi)其(qi)他方(fang)法(fa)能(neng)代替的(de)，它雖然不是(shi)(shi)獨立完成一個工程(cheng)(cheng)，但卻是(shi)(shi)一個重要(yao)的(de)工序，特別是(shi)(shi)石(shi)方(fang)開(kai)挖、礦(kuang)山開(kai)采(cai)等工程(cheng)(cheng)缺(que)少(shao)了(le)這(zhe)個工序還(huan)不行(xing)。中國目前有(you)發(fa)達的(de)鐵路(lu)(lu)和公路(lu)(lu)交通網，可以想象(xiang)，當初(chu)在(zai)修這(zhe)些路(lu)(lu)的(de)時候會(hui)遇到(dao)許多(duo)高山峻嶺，一座(zuo)大(da)山橫在(zai)兩地之(zhi)間，想要(yao)修路(lu)(lu)，就必須(xu)讓這(zhe)座(zuo)山消(xiao)失(shi)，這(zhe)個時候聚能(neng)管(guan)爆(bao)破就起到(dao)決定(ding)性作用(yong)(yong)了(le)。