水(shui)壓(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)在隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)掘進作業中的(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)際應用。提升光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)水(shui)平、嚴抓(zhua)隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)超(chao)挖管(guan)控進行了介紹(shao)。聚能水(shui)壓(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)技(ji)術(shu)很(hen)成熟、可操作性(xing)很(hen)強(qiang)、材(cai)料成本很(hen)低、施工(gong)速度(du)很(hen)快、節能環保(bao)效果很(hen)顯著、經(jing)濟效益社會(hui)效益很(hen)高。一(yi)是(shi)要提高對推(tui)廣該(gai)項技(ji)術(shu)重(zhong)要性(xing)和必然性(xing)的(de)(de)認識;二是(shi)要樹立必須采(cai)取聚能水(shui)壓(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)的(de)(de)意識;三(san)是(shi)要堅持培(pei)訓、示(shi)范、監督(du)“三(san)位一(yi)體”;四是(shi)要制定(ding)切實(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)獎懲制度(du);五是(shi)要建立檢查監督(du)機制，持續促進該(gai)項技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)深(shen)入推(tui)廣。在隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)施工(gong)的(de)(de)現場管(guan)理(li)、科(ke)技(ji)創新、人才培(pei)養、經(jing)濟效益等方面(mian)的(de)(de)不足。建議(yi)對施工(gong)一(yi)線基礎技(ji)術(shu)工(gong)作扎實(shi)(shi)推(tui)進;對新工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)、先進工(gong)法要深(shen)入學習鉆研(yan);對消(xiao)極懈怠、故步自封的(de)(de)思想要堅決抵制。

鶴壁礦用型雙向聚能管水壓爆破是在炮孔兩端填充水袋，中間裝上乳化炸，炮孔再用炮泥封死，炮孔間距很大，兩個炮空之間相距了一米左右，是常規爆破的炮孔間距的兩倍，這樣可以節省炮孔材料，這兩個凹槽又稱為聚能槽，聚能槽非常重要，放置的位置和方向都十分講究，一點也不能出錯，礦用型雙向聚能管價格在(zai)(zai)爆破(po)的瞬間，高溫高壓聚能(neng)射(she)流立(li)即往(wang)凹(ao)槽兩邊(bian)的巖(yan)石進(jin)行切割(ge)，巖(yan)石如同豆腐(fu)一樣輕(qing)松被切割(ge)切割(ge)出來的輪廓線(xian)十分平順，效果極好，聚能(neng)水(shui)壓爆破(po)中(zhong)的水(shui)袋(dai)沒(mei)有降(jiang)低(di)爆破(po)的效果，反而能(neng)保護隧道周(zhou)(zhou)邊(bian)植被，減(jian)少地質擾(rao)動，降(jiang)低(di)煙塵，重要的是節(jie)省炸成本(ben)(ben)，在(zai)(zai)未(wei)來這項技術會(hui)廣泛應(ying)用于工程中(zhong)，降(jiang)低(di)施工成本(ben)(ben)。爆破(po)聚能(neng)管水(shui)壓光(guang)面(mian)爆破(po)較水(shui)壓光(guang)面(mian)爆破(po)，在(zai)(zai)周(zhou)(zhou)邊(bian)眼單循環(huan)火工品使用量(liang)上節(jie)約費用8.3%，周(zhou)(zhou)邊(bian)眼鉆孔(kong)數(shu)量(liang)從39個(ge)下降(jiang)為23個(ge)費用節(jie)約41%，混凝土噴射(she)每延米(mi)節(jie)約1.37立(li)方(fang)米(mi)。

各種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)、爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)器材銷毀以及(ji)(ji)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)器材意(yi)外爆(bao)(bao)炸(zha)時(shi)，爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)源與(yu)(yu)人員(yuan)和其他保(bao)護對象之間的(de)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)稱為(wei)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)。爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)應(ying)(ying)(ying)取(qu)各種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)（地(di)震、沖(chong)擊波(bo)、飛(fei)石、有(you)毒氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)等）分別核定(ding)的(de)大值。爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)時(shi)，必然產(chan)生(sheng)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)地(di)震、空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)沖(chong)擊波(bo)、碎石飛(fei)散及(ji)(ji)有(you)害氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)，因此，爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)設計時(shi)必須確定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)危害范圍，并確定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)點到附(fu)近人員(yuan)、設備、建筑物及(ji)(ji)井巷(xiang)等的(de)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)，這一段(duan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)就(jiu)稱為(wei)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)。如何控制好這段(duan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)就(jiu)顯(xian)的(de)尤為(wei)重要。為(wei)保(bao)證爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)，爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)地(di)點與(yu)(yu)人員(yuan)或其他應(ying)(ying)(ying)保(bao)護對象之間必須保(bao)持短的(de)相隔(ge)長度(du)。爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)有(you)害效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)隨距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)的(de)增加有(you)規(gui)律地(di)衰減，用距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)作為(wei)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)尺度(du)可限定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)有(you)害效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)在允(yun)許限度(du)之內。中國《爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)規(gui)程》規(gui)定(ding)了爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)地(di)震安全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)，個別飛(fei)散物安全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)，以及(ji)(ji)爆(bao)(bao)炸(zha)沖(chong)擊波(bo)的(de)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)。

聚能(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)破(po)碎(sui)法特點(dian)是:不需(xu)要打(da)眼，因而(er)不需(xu)要購買(mai)打(da)眼設備和(he)(he)(he)動力設備;施(shi)工(gong)簡(jian)單，施(shi)工(gong)進度(du)(du)(du)比淺(qian)眼爆破(po)法快安(an)全性比普(pu)通淺(qian)眼爆破(po)法和(he)(he)(he)普(pu)通裸(luo)露藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)法好;勞動強度(du)(du)(du)比淺(qian)眼爆破(po)法低(di)。制(zhi)(zhi)造聚能(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)所采用(yong)的(de)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you):黑索(suo)金(jin)(jin)和(he)(he)(he)梯(ti)(ti)恩梯(ti)(ti)混合熔鑄型;乳化(hua)油炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)和(he)(he)(he)黑索(suo)金(jin)(jin)混裝型和(he)(he)(he)二號巖石硝鉸炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)壓制(zhi)(zhi)型。根據使用(yong)的(de)結果(guo)證(zheng)明，選(xuan)用(yong)密度(du)(du)(du)較大和(he)(he)(he)爆速較高的(de)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)制(zhi)(zhi)造聚能(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)能(neng)(neng)獲得較好的(de)破(po)碎(sui)效果(guo)。這主(zhu)要是由(you)于(yu)它(ta)加(jia)工(gong)簡(jian)單和(he)(he)(he)破(po)碎(sui)能(neng)(neng)力較大。在礦山由(you)于(yu)二次破(po)碎(sui)消耗的(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)較多，而(er)且金(jin)(jin)屬藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)型罩(zhao)的(de)加(jia)工(gong)費工(gong)又費材(cai)料，所以(yi)多不采用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)型罩(zhao)。國內(nei)生(sheng)產的(de)一種(zhong)用(yong)于(yu)破(po)碎(sui)大塊的(de)聚能(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)，裝置聚能(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)時，要將藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)垂直裝在大塊的(de)頂面(mian)上，聚能(neng)(neng)穴朝下。藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)位置應選(xuan)在頂面(mian)的(de)幾何中心或(huo)附近較平整的(de)地(di)點(dian)。然后(hou)在上面(mian)覆蓋泥沙。

采用(yong)(yong)一種抗靜電阻燃的(de)特種塑料管(guan)、異形雙槽(cao)聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)，根據炮眼深度可(ke)長可(ke)短。是兩個相似半(ban)(ban)(ban)壁管(guan)組成(cheng)(cheng)，半(ban)(ban)(ban)壁管(guan)中央有個凹進去(qu)的(de)槽(cao)叫做'聚(ju)能(neng)槽(cao)"，使用(yong)(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)成(cheng)(cheng)型效果好，開挖輪廓線平(ping)順整齊，圍巖擾動減(jian)少(shao)(shao)、超欠挖明(ming)顯(xian)改善，有利(li)于(yu)支(zhi)護工(gong)序(xu)施工(gong)，同(tong)時混凝土回填(tian)成(cheng)(cheng)本大(da)為降(jiang)低(di)。鑿(zao)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)率減(jian)少(shao)(shao)30%，大(da)大(da)降(jiang)低(di)了爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)作業(ye)工(gong)班的(de)勞(lao)動量:鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)縮短30分鐘(zhong)、少(shao)(shao)打眼、出(chu)渣(zha)量減(jian)少(shao)(shao)，降(jiang)低(di)了材料成(cheng)(cheng)本、減(jian)少(shao)(shao)工(gong)時消耗(hao)、勞(lao)動效率明(ming)顯(xian)提高，周邊眼爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)成(cheng)(cheng)本降(jiang)低(di)30%以上，半(ban)(ban)(ban)眼痕保留(liu)率高達85%以上。pvc爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)主要應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)隧道、煤礦、鐵礦等需要進行光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)施工(gong)的(de)工(gong)程。采用(yong)(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)的(de)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)可(ke)減(jian)少(shao)(shao)鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)，擴大(da)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)距，減(jian)少(shao)(shao)導爆(bao)管(guan)用(yong)(yong)量，減(jian)少(shao)(shao)超挖，減(jian)少(shao)(shao)噴漿，提高半(ban)(ban)(ban)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)率，既節省了成(cheng)(cheng)本又提高了施工(gong)效率。

在(zai)(zai)工程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中，常用的(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)有(you)：電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)火索起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)是利用電(dian)(dian)能使(shi)雷(lei)管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)，進(jin)而(er)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)(fa)。它所(suo)需的(de)(de)(de)(de)器材有(you)：電(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管(guan)、導(dao)線和起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網(wang)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)連接形式(shi)，要(yao)(yao)根(gen)據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破方法(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破規(gui)模(mo)、工程的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)性、所(suo)選起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)源及其起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能力(li)(li)等(deng)(deng)進(jin)行選擇，基本連接方式(shi)有(you)：串(chuan)聯(lian)、并聯(lian)、串(chuan)并聯(lian)和并串(chuan)聯(lian)等(deng)(deng)。電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)具(ju)有(you)較(jiao)安(an)全、可靠、準確(que)、高效等(deng)(deng)優(you)點，在(zai)(zai)國內外仍占有(you)較(jiao)大比(bi)重。在(zai)(zai)大、中型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)仍是用電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別(bie)是在(zai)(zai)有(you)瓦斯、礦(kuang)塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)中，電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)。但(dan)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受(shou)各種電(dian)(dian)信號(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)干(gan)擾而(er)發(fa)生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在(zai)(zai)有(you)雜散(san)電(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)、射頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)、高壓感應電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)中，不能使(shi)用普通電(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管(guan)。