專用多向聚能管聚能包由炸、形罩、隔板、殼體、引信和支架等部分組成，其作用及對聚能包威力的影響分述如下。1．炸，炸是聚能管爆破的能源，炸的爆壓越大，聚能彈威力越大；為得到高爆壓，需高爆速、高密度的炸。常用炸有梯恩梯、8321炸等，裝方法有熔鑄，塑裝和壓裝多種。2．型罩，型罩的作用是把炸的爆炸能轉化成罩體材料的射流動能，從而提高其穿透和切割能力。多向聚能管廠家型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)的(de)材(cai)料必須滿足四(si)點要(yao)求(qiu)，即(ji)可(ke)壓縮性小、密度高、塑性和延展性好(hao)，在(zai)形(xing)成射(she)流中(zhong)不汽化。大(da)(da)量試驗(yan)證明，用紫銅制作型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)效果(guo)好(hao)，其次(ci)為鑄鐵、鋼和陶(tao)瓷。型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)的(de)形(xing)狀多(duo)種多(duo)樣(yang)，主要(yao)有(you)軸(zhou)對(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，如圓錐形(xing)、半(ban)球形(xing)、拋物(wu)線形(xing)和喇(la)叭形(xing)等；面對(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，常見的(de)有(you)用于(yu)切割屬板材(cai)的(de)直線形(xing)和用于(yu)切割管材(cai)的(de)環形(xing)聚能(neng)(neng)罩(zhao)兩種；中(zhong)心對(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，這(zhe)種球形(xing)聚能(neng)(neng)包，中(zhong)心有(you)球形(xing)空(kong)腔(qiang)和球形(xing)罩(zhao)，球形(xing)罩(zhao)外敷設(she)炸，若(ruo)能(neng)(neng)在(zai)瞬間(jian)同時起爆，可(ke)在(zai)空(kong)腔(qiang)中(zhong)心點獲得極大(da)(da)的(de)能(neng)(neng)量集中(zhong)。在(zai)工程中(zhong)常用的(de)是軸(zhou)對(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和面對(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)兩類型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)。

火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)，導(dao)(dao)(dao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)是利用(yong)(yong)導(dao)(dao)(dao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)傳遞火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)焰點燃(ran)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)雷管(guan)(guan)進而起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥。這(zhe)種(zhong)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)所(suo)需(xu)的(de)材料有(you)：導(dao)(dao)(dao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)、火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)雷管(guan)(guan)和點火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)材料。導(dao)(dao)(dao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)操(cao)作簡單、靈(ling)活，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)方(fang)便，成本(ben)較(jiao)低，廣泛應用(yong)(yong)于(yu)小型(xing)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破和掘進。由(you)于(yu)導(dao)(dao)(dao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)的(de)速燃(ran)、緩燃(ran)等(deng)弊病，在(zai)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中事故所(suo)占比重最(zui)大。不能多處裝藥同時起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。導(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)，用(yong)(yong)導(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)直接(jie)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥包的(de)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)叫導(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)。先用(yong)(yong)雷管(guan)(guan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)導(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)，當導(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)的(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)轟波傳至炸藥包時，將(jiang)炸藥引(yin)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。在(zai)需(xu)要延(yan)時分(fen)段(duan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)地(di)方(fang)，將(jiang)導(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)中接(jie)入繼(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)，就能達到導(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)毫秒爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破的(de)目的(de)。這(zhe)種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破法(fa)(fa)所(suo)需(xu)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)材料有(you)：雷管(guan)(guan)、導(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)和繼(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)等(deng)。導(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路常用(yong)(yong)的(de)有(you)：串聯(lian)、簇并聯(lian)、單向(xiang)分(fen)段(duan)并聯(lian)和雙向(xiang)分(fen)段(duan)并聯(lian)等(deng)。

對(dui)于(yu)爆破(po)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)安(an)全技術的(de)研(yan)究,是(shi)從兩個方面(mian)(mian)去考慮的(de)，一方面(mian)(mian)是(shi)炸和起爆器材(cai)以(yi)及對(dui)其爆炸所(suo)造成的(de)破(po)壞(huai)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用進(jin)行(xing)限制的(de)安(an)全技術,這是(shi)主動(dong)的(de)。另一個方面(mian)(mian)是(shi)對(dui)爆破(po)所(suo)產生的(de)危害采取(qu)的(de)防護措(cuo)施,這是(shi)被動(dong)的(de)一個方面(mian)(mian)。兩者(zhe)對(dui)阻止爆破(po)帶來的(de)破(po)壞(huai)性(xing)有同(tong)樣的(de)重(zhong)要性(xing),但在具體(ti)的(de)爆破(po)工(gong)程中(zhong),則常(chang)常(chang)會有變化(hua)不(bu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)現象(xiang)和后果,因此,必須對(dui)每一項工(gong)程破(po)壞(huai)的(de)具體(ti)情況作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)細致的(de)分析(xi)研(yan)究,從而采取(qu)適(shi)當的(de)對(dui)策。同(tong)時，雖然技術不(bu)斷取(qu)得(de)進(jin)步，須在操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)過(guo)程中(zhong)注意每個工(gong)序(xu)，按照安(an)全規(gui)程認真作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)。只(zhi)要嚴格(ge)(ge)遵守安(an)全規(gui)程、正(zheng)確地采取(qu)安(an)全技術措(cuo)施和防護措(cuo)施,任(ren)何規(gui)模、任(ren)何種類(lei)的(de)爆破(po)是(shi)可以(yi)確保安(an)全的(de)。一些安(an)全規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)條文是(shi)有經(jing)驗教訓和理(li)論根據(ju)的(de)，有的(de)甚至是(shi)血(xue)的(de)教訓的(de)總結，所(suo)以(yi)一定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)要克服麻痹思(si)想，嚴格(ge)(ge)執行(xing)安(an)全規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)，決不(bu)能以(yi)沒(mei)出過(guo)事故(gu)而輕率(lv)地"突破(po)"規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)"框框"。

水(shui)壓光(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)基礎上發(fa)展起來的(de)一(yi)項新技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，其(qi)掏槽(cao)眼、輔助(zhu)眼裝藥(yao)(yao)結(jie)構和爆(bao)破(po)(po)方式與水(shui)壓光(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)(po)相同，但在周(zhou)邊(bian)眼中安(an)裝專用(yong)(yong)線(xian)(xian)性(xing)聚能(neng)藥(yao)(yao)管(guan)替代常規爆(bao)破(po)(po)藥(yao)(yao)卷和傳爆(bao)線(xian)(xian)，利用(yong)(yong)線(xian)(xian)性(xing)聚能(neng)藥(yao)(yao)管(guan)產生(sheng)的(de)粒子射流動能(neng)、高壓爆(bao)破(po)(po)氣體應(ying)力及“氣楔”作用(yong)(yong)，形(xing)成平整圓順的(de)開挖輪廓面，對控制超欠挖具(ju)有(you)良好效(xiao)果，有(you)效(xiao)提升了隧道(dao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量、進(jin)度(du)和經濟效(xiao)益。水(shui)壓光(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)(po)較水(shui)壓光(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)(po)，在周(zhou)邊(bian)眼單循環火工(gong)(gong)品使(shi)用(yong)(yong)量上節(jie)約(yue)(yue)費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)8.3%，周(zhou)邊(bian)眼鉆孔數(shu)量從39個下降為23個費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)節(jie)約(yue)(yue)41%，混凝土噴射每延米(mi)節(jie)約(yue)(yue)1.37立方米(mi)。聚能(neng)水(shui)壓光(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)(po)比(bi)水(shui)壓光(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)(po)每循環節(jie)約(yue)(yue)費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)258.4元，即每延米(mi)節(jie)約(yue)(yue)76較元，節(jie)約(yue)(yue)費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)比(bi)例達32%。此外(wai)，聚能(neng)水(shui)壓光(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)(po)能(neng)有(you)效(xiao)降低隧道(dao)內石渣塊度(du)和粉塵含量，還可使(shi)通風(feng)時間(jian)有(you)效(xiao)縮短33%。