在(zai)工(gong)程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)，常用的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)有：電(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)(dao)火索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)。電(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)利用電(dian)能使雷(lei)管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)，進(jin)而起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)藥的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)(fa)。它所需的(de)(de)(de)器材有：電(dian)雷(lei)管(guan)、導(dao)(dao)線和(he)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)源。電(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的(de)(de)(de)連接(jie)(jie)形式(shi)，要(yao)(yao)根(gen)據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方法(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)規(gui)模、工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)性、所選(xuan)(xuan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)源及其(qi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)能力(li)等(deng)進(jin)行選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)，基本連接(jie)(jie)方式(shi)有：串(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)、并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)、串(chuan)并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)和(he)并(bing)串(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)等(deng)。電(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)具有較(jiao)安(an)全、可靠(kao)、準確(que)、高效等(deng)優(you)點，在(zai)國內(nei)外(wai)仍(reng)占有較(jiao)大比重(zhong)。在(zai)大、中(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)，主要(yao)(yao)仍(reng)是(shi)用電(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是(shi)在(zai)有瓦斯、礦(kuang)塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)的(de)(de)(de)環境中(zhong)，電(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)主要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)。但電(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)容易(yi)受各種電(dian)信號的(de)(de)(de)干(gan)擾而發生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在(zai)有雜散電(dian)、靜電(dian)、雷(lei)電(dian)、射(she)頻電(dian)、高壓感應(ying)電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)環境中(zhong)，不能使用普通電(dian)雷(lei)管(guan)。

舟山礦用型聚能管的軍事應用：聚能爆破技術，早在二次世界大戰期間就在軍事方面廣泛應用。國內在聚能破甲技術如大錐角反艦導彈戰斗部和大錐角反坦克地雷以及敏感彈戰斗部等方面取得了較為快速的發展，我國20世紀60年代打破國外技術封鎖獨立自主研發成功原子彈就是得力于聚能爆破技術轟擊核裝置而引爆原子彈。專用礦用型聚能管的(de)民爆應用——切槽爆破(po)(po)技(ji)術：聚能爆破(po)(po)用于工程建設也是20世(shi)紀(ji)60年(nian)(nian)代開始的(de)，首(shou)先是瑞典的(de)U﹒Langefors提(ti)出(chu)孔壁(bi)切槽爆破(po)(po)利(li)用槽口(kou)應力集中定向開裂的(de)設想，后經(jing)W﹒L﹒Fourney驗(yan)證是有效(xiao)的(de)。70年(nian)(nian)代國(guo)外廣泛研究(jiu)和(he)應用了切槽爆破(po)(po)技(ji)術。

水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，是在水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)基礎上發(fa)展起來的(de)一項新技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，其(qi)掏槽眼、輔助眼裝藥(yao)(yao)結構和爆破(po)(po)方式(shi)與(yu)水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆破(po)(po)相同，但在周邊眼中安裝專(zhuan)用聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)裝置替(ti)代常規爆破(po)(po)藥(yao)(yao)卷和傳爆線，利(li)(li)用聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)產生的(de)粒子射(she)流動(dong)能(neng)(neng)、高壓(ya)(ya)爆破(po)(po)氣(qi)體應力(li)及“氣(qi)楔”作用，形成(cheng)平(ping)整圓順的(de)開(kai)挖輪廓(kuo)面(mian)，對(dui)控制(zhi)超欠挖具有(you)良好效(xiao)果，有(you)效(xiao)提升了(le)隧道(dao)施工(gong)質量、進度(du)和經濟效(xiao)益。科(ke)學合理地利(li)(li)用能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)，提高能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)利(li)(li)用效(xiao)率，對(dui)節能(neng)(neng)減排也十分重要。利(li)(li)用聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)兩端(duan)的(de)水平(ping)開(kai)出的(de)聚能(neng)(neng)槽產生的(de)聚能(neng)(neng)射(she)流效(xiao)應對(dui)巖石進行破(po)(po)碎。據專(zhuan)家測(ce)算(suan)，由于聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)兩端(duan)聚能(neng)(neng)槽產生的(de)聚能(neng)(neng)切割效(xiao)應，其(qi)能(neng)(neng)效(xiao)比提升一個量級。

我(wo)國(guo)于1983年制定了(le)《水工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)(wu)巖(yan)行基(ji)礎開挖(wa)(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)范》(sD 121l一(yi)1983)。自此，在(zai)水利水電建設(she)(she)中預裂(lie)爆破(po)與光(guang)面(mian)爆破(po)已成為必須進行的(de)保護邊坡(po)質量的(de)爆破(po)開挖(wa)(wa)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)措施。此后(hou)在(zai)此基(ji)礎上(shang)修訂的(de)《水工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)(wu)巖(yan)石(shi)基(ji)礎開挖(wa)(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)范》(SL 47一(yi)1994)以及在(zai)《水電水利爆破(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)范》(DL／T 5135—2001)和(he)(he)《水工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)(wu)巖(yan)石(shi)基(ji)礎開挖(wa)(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)范》(DL／T 5389～2007)中預裂(lie)爆破(po)與光(guang)面(mian)爆破(po)均被編(bian)入并(bing)(bing)有所改(gai)進，DL／T 5135—2001正在(zai)修編(bian)為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道部也不僅規(gui)(gui)定了(le)凡(fan)是Ⅲ級以上(shang)的(de)巖(yan)石(shi)邊坡(po)，設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)邊坡(po)坡(po)度為1：0．1～1：0．75，在(zai)邊坡(po)部位的(de)爆破(po)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都應采(cai)用(yong)(yong)光(guang)面(mian)爆破(po)或(huo)預裂(lie)爆破(po)，并(bing)(bing)闡述了(le)光(guang)面(mian)(預裂(lie))爆破(po)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)原則和(he)(he)參數(shu)、安全(quan)措施，而且還明確了(le)路(lu)塹邊坡(po)光(guang)面(mian)(預裂(lie))爆破(po)項(xiang)目(mu)質量驗收檢測(ce)數(shu)量和(he)(he)檢測(ce)方法。無(wu)疑(yi)該規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)實施，有力地推動(dong)和(he)(he)促進了(le)光(guang)面(mian)(預裂(lie))爆破(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)鐵路(lu)建設(she)(she)中的(de)應用(yong)(yong)與發展。