在工程爆破中,o型聚能管價格常用的起爆方法有:電力起爆法、導火索起爆法、導爆索起爆法、導爆管起爆法。電力起爆法是利用電能使雷管爆炸,進而起爆炸藥的起爆芳法。它所需的器材有:電雷管、導線和起爆電源。電爆網路的連接形式,要根據爆破方法、爆破規模、工程的重要性、所選起爆電源及其起爆能力等進行選擇,珠海o型聚能管基本(ben)連接方(fang)式有(you):串聯(lian)、并(bing)聯(lian)、串并(bing)聯(lian)和并(bing)串聯(lian)等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起爆(bao)(bao)法(fa)具(ju)有(you)較(jiao)安(an)全、可靠、準確、高(gao)效等優點,在國內(nei)外仍占有(you)較(jiao)大比重。在大、中型爆(bao)(bao)破中,主要仍是(shi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起爆(bao)(bao)。特別(bie)是(shi)在有(you)瓦斯、礦(kuang)塵爆(bao)(bao)炸的環(huan)境(jing)中,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起爆(bao)(bao)是(shi)主要的起爆(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起爆(bao)(bao)容易受各種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號的干擾而發生早爆(bao)(bao),因(yin)此在有(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射(she)頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高(gao)壓感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的環(huan)境(jing)中,不能使用普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管。
的(de)軍(jun)事(shi)應(ying)(ying)用(yong):聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技術(shu),早在二次(ci)世(shi)界(jie)大(da)(da)戰(zhan)(zhan)期間就在軍(jun)事(shi)方面廣泛應(ying)(ying)用(yong)。國內在聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)破(po)甲技術(shu)如(ru)大(da)(da)錐角(jiao)反艦導彈戰(zhan)(zhan)斗部和大(da)(da)錐角(jiao)反坦克地雷以及(ji)敏感彈戰(zhan)(zhan)斗部等方面取得了(le)(le)較為(wei)快速(su)的(de)發展(zhan),我國20世(shi)紀60年(nian)代打破(po)國外(wai)技術(shu)封鎖(suo)獨立自主研(yan)發成功原(yuan)子(zi)彈就是(shi)(shi)(shi)得力于聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技術(shu)轟擊(ji)核(he)裝置(zhi)而引爆(bao)(bao)原(yuan)子(zi)彈。的(de)民爆(bao)(bao)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)——切槽(cao)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技術(shu):聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)用(yong)于工程建設(she)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)20世(shi)紀60年(nian)代開始的(de),首(shou)先是(shi)(shi)(shi)瑞(rui)典的(de)U﹒Langefors提出孔壁切槽(cao)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)利用(yong)槽(cao)口應(ying)(ying)力集(ji)中(zhong)定向(xiang)開裂的(de)設(she)想,后經W﹒L﹒Fourney驗證是(shi)(shi)(shi)有效的(de)。70年(nian)代國外(wai)廣泛研(yan)究(jiu)和應(ying)(ying)用(yong)了(le)(le)切槽(cao)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技術(shu)。
施工因其復雜性、專業性、危險(xian)性,稍有不(bu)慎,將對(dui)人(ren)民的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生命(ming)財(cai)產(chan)安(an)全(quan)造成(cheng)不(bu)可(ke)估量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損失,例如廣東宏大(da)寧夏(xia)“10.16”、山東保利“5.20”等重大(da)安(an)全(quan)事故。因此(ci),相較(jiao)其他行業,國家(jia)出臺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相關(guan)法律(lv)法規多(duo)、專、嚴,從(cong)爆(bao)破(po)材料(liao)(炸(zha)藥、雷管、導爆(bao)索?管?及(ji)相關(guan)材料(liao))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)、購進(jin)、運輸(shu)、儲存、發(fa)放、布網、連(lian)接(jie)、起爆(bao)、排爆(bao)等一(yi)系(xi)列程序均(jun)有嚴格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法律(lv)規定(ding)和(he)(he)科學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)操(cao)作規程,并且相關(guan)從(cong)業單位和(he)(he)人(ren)員均(jun)應取(qu)得相應資質。做為各類爆(bao)破(po)中(zhong)不(bu)可(ke)或缺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種導線(xian)(xian),特別不(bu)同于(yu)一(yi)般的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜,其質量(liang)(liang)要求(qiu)及(ji)各項技術(shu)參(can)數也(ye)與普通(tong)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜不(bu)同。部(bu)分(fen)家(jia)庭(ting)作坊式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜廠(chang)無(wu)科學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)工藝、無(wu)基(ji)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢測設備(bei)、無(wu)專業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)人(ren)員,甚至不(bu)知(zhi)道爆(bao)破(po)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)要求(qiu)和(he)(he)技術(shu)參(can)數,更(geng)不(bu)可(ke)能制訂自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企業標準(zhun),僅憑簡(jian)陋(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設備(bei)、以(yi)粗(cu)糙的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模仿進(jin)行生產(chan)經(jing)(jing)營活動(dong),致(zhi)使市場(chang)充斥著假冒偽劣產(chan)品,導致(zhi)爆(bao)破(po)中(zhong)提前或延遲(chi)起爆(bao)、盲炮增加且強(qiang)制排爆(bao)困難,給人(ren)身安(an)全(quan)和(he)(he)財(cai)產(chan)以(yi)及(ji)正常的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)經(jing)(jing)營活動(dong)造成(cheng)了不(bu)可(ke)估量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損失。
施工(gong)工(gong)藝嚴格遵循六字方針(掛(gua)滿、貼緊、對準):(1)要(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)打(da)眼(yan)(yan)質量,炮(pao)(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)必(bi)須按(an)技(ji)術要(yao)(yao)(yao)求合理布(bu)置(zhi)。(2)要(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)掏槽(cao)眼(yan)(yan)以(yi)及其他眼(yan)(yan)眼(yan)(yan)的(de)打(da)眼(yan)(yan)質量,一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)要(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)規定(ding)(ding)位置(zhi)上(shang)打(da)眼(yan)(yan);二要(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)深度和角度。(3)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)裝藥(yao)時(shi),要(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)乳(ru)化炸藥(yao)在(zai)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)中空內壁中填充(chong)飽滿不得(de)有空隙出現時(shi)以(yi)產生拒爆。(4)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)在(zai)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)中裝填時(shi),要(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)的(de)兩(liang)條聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)指(zhi)向巷道(dao)輪廓(kuo)線(xian)方向并且各個炮(pao)(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)的(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)軸線(xian)方面要(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)相互連接在(zai)隧道(dao)輪廓(kuo)線(xian)上(shang)。否則成型效果不僅(jin)不好,反而更差。(5)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)堵塞(sai)質量。(6)放炮(pao)(pao)(pao)員應(ying)提前(qian)按(an)規定(ding)(ding)裝好聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)的(de)炸藥(yao),并做好準備工(gong)作。試用范圍:一(yi)(yi)級至(zhi)五(wu)級圍巖的(de)光面爆破(po)工(gong)程。
水壓爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)炮孔兩(liang)(liang)端填充水袋,中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)裝(zhuang)上乳化炸(zha),炮孔再用炮泥封死(si),炮孔間(jian)(jian)距(ju)很(hen)大,兩(liang)(liang)個炮空(kong)之間(jian)(jian)相(xiang)距(ju)了一米左右,是(shi)常(chang)規(gui)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)炮孔間(jian)(jian)距(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)倍,這樣可以(yi)節(jie)(jie)(jie)省(sheng)炮孔材料,這兩(liang)(liang)個凹槽又(you)稱為聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽,聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽非(fei)常(chang)重要,放置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)和方向都十(shi)分(fen)講究(jiu),一點也不能(neng)(neng)(neng)出錯(cuo),在(zai)(zai)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瞬間(jian)(jian),高溫(wen)高壓聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)射流立(li)即(ji)往凹槽兩(liang)(liang)邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巖(yan)石進行切(qie)割,巖(yan)石如同(tong)豆(dou)腐一樣輕松(song)被(bei)切(qie)割切(qie)割出來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輪廓(kuo)線十(shi)分(fen)平(ping)順,效果極(ji)好,聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)水壓爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水袋沒有降低爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效果,反而能(neng)(neng)(neng)保(bao)護(hu)隧(sui)道周邊植被(bei),減少地(di)質擾動(dong),降低煙塵,重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)節(jie)(jie)(jie)省(sheng)炸(zha)成本,在(zai)(zai)未(wei)來這項技(ji)術會廣泛(fan)應用于工(gong)程中(zhong)(zhong),降低施工(gong)成本。爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管水壓光面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)較水壓光面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po),在(zai)(zai)周邊眼單循環火(huo)工(gong)品使用量上節(jie)(jie)(jie)約(yue)費用8.3%,周邊眼鉆孔數量從39個下降為23個費用節(jie)(jie)(jie)約(yue)41%,混凝土(tu)噴射每延米節(jie)(jie)(jie)約(yue)1.37立(li)方米。