水(shui)壓(ya)爆(bao)破(po)是在(zai)炮孔(kong)兩(liang)端填充(chong)水(shui)袋，中間(jian)(jian)(jian)裝上(shang)乳(ru)化炸，炮孔(kong)再(zai)用(yong)(yong)炮泥(ni)封(feng)死，炮孔(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)距很(hen)大，兩(liang)個炮空之間(jian)(jian)(jian)相距了一(yi)米(mi)左右，是常(chang)規爆(bao)破(po)的(de)炮孔(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)距的(de)兩(liang)倍，這樣可(ke)以節(jie)(jie)(jie)省炮孔(kong)材料，這兩(liang)個凹(ao)槽又(you)稱為聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽非(fei)常(chang)重要，放置的(de)位置和方向都十分講究，一(yi)點也(ye)不能(neng)(neng)出錯(cuo)，在(zai)爆(bao)破(po)的(de)瞬間(jian)(jian)(jian)，高溫高壓(ya)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)射流立即往凹(ao)槽兩(liang)邊(bian)(bian)的(de)巖(yan)石進(jin)行切(qie)割(ge)，巖(yan)石如同豆腐一(yi)樣輕松被切(qie)割(ge)切(qie)割(ge)出來(lai)的(de)輪廓線十分平順，效(xiao)果極(ji)好(hao)，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)水(shui)壓(ya)爆(bao)破(po)中的(de)水(shui)袋沒有(you)降低(di)(di)爆(bao)破(po)的(de)效(xiao)果，反(fan)而能(neng)(neng)保護隧(sui)道(dao)周邊(bian)(bian)植被，減少地質擾動(dong)，降低(di)(di)煙塵(chen)，重要的(de)是節(jie)(jie)(jie)省炸成(cheng)本(ben)，在(zai)未來(lai)這項(xiang)技(ji)術會(hui)廣泛(fan)應用(yong)(yong)于工(gong)(gong)程中，降低(di)(di)施工(gong)(gong)成(cheng)本(ben)。爆(bao)破(po)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管水(shui)壓(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)較水(shui)壓(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)，在(zai)周邊(bian)(bian)眼單(dan)循環(huan)火工(gong)(gong)品使(shi)用(yong)(yong)量(liang)上(shang)節(jie)(jie)(jie)約(yue)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)8.3%，周邊(bian)(bian)眼鉆(zhan)孔(kong)數量(liang)從39個下降為23個費(fei)用(yong)(yong)節(jie)(jie)(jie)約(yue)41%，混凝(ning)土噴射每(mei)延米(mi)節(jie)(jie)(jie)約(yue)1.37立方米(mi)。

雙向爆破聚能管公司對于爆破作業安全技術的研究,是從兩個方面去考慮的，一方面是炸和起爆器材以及對其爆炸所造成的破壞作用進行限制的安全技術,這是主動的。另一個方面是對爆破所產生的危害采取的防護措施,這是被動的一個方面。兩者對阻止爆破帶來的破壞性有同樣的重要性,但在具體的爆破工程中,則常常會有變化不定的現象和后果,因此,必須對每一項工程破壞的具體情況作細致的分析研究,從而采取適當的對策。同時，雙向爆破聚能管公司雖然技(ji)(ji)術(shu)不斷取得進步，須在操作過程(cheng)中(zhong)注意每(mei)個工(gong)序，按照安(an)全規程(cheng)認真作業。只要(yao)嚴格遵守安(an)全規程(cheng)、正確(que)地采取安(an)全技(ji)(ji)術(shu)措施(shi)和(he)防(fang)護措施(shi),任(ren)何規模、任(ren)何種類的(de)爆破是(shi)可(ke)以確(que)保安(an)全的(de)。一些(xie)安(an)全規定(ding)的(de)條文是(shi)有(you)經驗教(jiao)訓(xun)和(he)理論根據的(de)，有(you)的(de)甚至是(shi)血的(de)教(jiao)訓(xun)的(de)總結，所以一定(ding)要(yao)克服麻痹思想，嚴格執行安(an)全規定(ding)，決不能(neng)以沒出過事故而(er)輕率地"突破"規定(ding)的(de)"框(kuang)框(kuang)"。

給大家(jia)介紹下(xia)爆(bao)(bao)破聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管的(de)(de)(de)技術原理∶炸藥爆(bao)(bao)炸產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)轟波(bo)通過聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管的(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)槽，將炸藥的(de)(de)(de)動能(neng)、勢能(neng)轉換成高壓(ya)、高速、高能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)射流，切割(ge)演示成縫。射流在孔(kong)壁產生(sheng)射流壓(ya)力達7000MPa，巖石(shi)動載抗壓(ya)強度(du)為(wei)(wei)200MPa，抗拉為(wei)(wei)1/8～1/10的(de)(de)(de)抗壓(ya)強度(du)，相(xiang)鄰兩(liang)炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)互為(wei)(wei)鄰空面，疊加后的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)縮波(bo)變為(wei)(wei)稀疏波(bo)，在兩(liang)炮(pao)(pao)眼連線上使巖石(shi)結構斷(duan)裂(lie)，形成裂(lie)紋。準靜態氣體膨脹，靜態壓(ya)力在兩(liang)炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)最短(duan)連線兩(liang)側產生(sheng)拉力使巖石(shi)裂(lie)縫進一步(bu)擴(kuo)展。根據爆(bao)(bao)破應力集中氣刃作用原則，爆(bao)(bao)破氣體沿裂(lie)縫進一步(bu)擴(kuo)大貫通，拋落(luo)巖石(shi)。

預(yu)(yu)裂與(yu)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術的(de)歷(li)史(shi)與(yu)現(xian)狀(zhuang)：預(yu)(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)是沿設(she)計(ji)開挖(wa)邊(bian)(bian)界(jie)布(bu)置密集炮(pao)孔，采(cai)取不耦(ou)合裝藥或裝填(tian)低威力炸藥，在(zai)主爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區之前(qian)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，從而在(zai)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區與(yu)保留區之間(jian)形成預(yu)(yu)裂縫(feng)，以減弱主爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)對保留巖(yan)體(ti)的(de)破(po)(po)(po)壞(huai)并形成平(ping)整輪廓(kuo)面(mian)的(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)作(zuo)業。光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)是沿設(she)計(ji)開挖(wa)邊(bian)(bian)界(jie)布(bu)設(she)密集炮(pao)孔，采(cai)用(yong)不耦(ou)合裝藥或裝填(tian)低威力炸藥，在(zai)主爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)之后起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)以形成平(ping)整的(de)開挖(wa)輪廓(kuo)面(mian)的(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)作(zuo)業。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術的(de)發展(zhan)是先出現(xian)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，然后衍(yan)生(sheng)發展(zhan)為預(yu)(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)。聚能管國(guo)內歷(li)史(shi)與(yu)現(xian)狀(zhuang)，我國(guo)于1964～1965年在(zai)湖北陸水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)電站(zhan)施工中做過(guo)淺孔預(yu)(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)試驗，1965年鐵道部門在(zai)成昆鐵路(lu)(lu)建設(she)中開始(shi)試驗光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，1977年在(zai)西延線張家船工點，全長近(jin)200m的(de)2000m2路(lu)(lu)塹邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)全部采(cai)用(yong)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)后邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)平(ping)整穩(wen)定(ding)，殘留的(de)半孔清晰可見，是鐵路(lu)(lu)建設(she)中采(cai)用(yong)路(lu)(lu)塹光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)。

我國于1983年制定了《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)巖(yan)(yan)行基礎(chu)開(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)范》(sD 121l一1983)。自此，在水(shui)利水(shui)電(dian)建(jian)(jian)設(she)中(zhong)預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)破(po)(po)與光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)(po)已成為必須進行的(de)(de)保護邊坡(po)(po)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)爆(bao)破(po)(po)開(kai)挖技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)措施(shi)。此后在此基礎(chu)上(shang)修(xiu)訂的(de)(de)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)基礎(chu)開(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)范》(SL 47一1994)以(yi)及在《水(shui)電(dian)水(shui)利爆(bao)破(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)范》(DL／T 5135—2001)和《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)基礎(chu)開(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)范》(DL／T 5389～2007)中(zhong)預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)破(po)(po)與光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)(po)均被編入并(bing)有(you)所改進，DL／T 5135—2001正在修(xiu)編為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵(tie)(tie)道部(bu)也不僅規(gui)(gui)定了凡是Ⅲ級以(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)邊坡(po)(po)，設(she)計邊坡(po)(po)坡(po)(po)度為1：0．1～1：0．75，在邊坡(po)(po)部(bu)位的(de)(de)爆(bao)破(po)(po)設(she)計和施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都(dou)應采(cai)用光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)破(po)(po)或預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)破(po)(po)，并(bing)闡(chan)述了光(guang)(guang)面(預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)破(po)(po)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)設(she)計的(de)(de)原則和參數、安全措施(shi)，而且還明確了路塹邊坡(po)(po)光(guang)(guang)面(預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)破(po)(po)項目質(zhi)量驗收檢測(ce)數量和檢測(ce)方法。無疑該(gai)規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)實施(shi)，有(you)力(li)地推動和促進了光(guang)(guang)面(預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)在鐵(tie)(tie)路建(jian)(jian)設(she)中(zhong)的(de)(de)應用與發展。