預裂與光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)技術的歷(li)史(shi)與現狀：預裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)是沿(yan)設(she)計開挖(wa)邊界布置密(mi)集炮孔(kong)，采取不耦(ou)合裝(zhuang)藥(yao)或(huo)裝(zhuang)填(tian)低威力(li)炸藥(yao)，在主爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區之前起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，從而(er)在爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區與保(bao)留區之間(jian)形(xing)成(cheng)預裂縫，以減(jian)弱主爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)對保(bao)留巖(yan)體的破(po)(po)(po)(po)壞并(bing)形(xing)成(cheng)平整(zheng)(zheng)輪廓(kuo)面(mian)的爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)作業(ye)。光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)是沿(yan)設(she)計開挖(wa)邊界布設(she)密(mi)集炮孔(kong)，采用不耦(ou)合裝(zhuang)藥(yao)或(huo)裝(zhuang)填(tian)低威力(li)炸藥(yao)，在主爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)之后起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的以形(xing)成(cheng)平整(zheng)(zheng)的開挖(wa)輪廓(kuo)面(mian)的爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)作業(ye)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)技術的發展是先出現光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)，然后衍生發展為預裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)。聚能管(guan)國內歷(li)史(shi)與現狀，我(wo)國于1964～1965年(nian)在湖北陸水水電站(zhan)施工中做(zuo)過淺(qian)孔(kong)預裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)試驗(yan)，1965年(nian)鐵(tie)道部(bu)門在成(cheng)昆鐵(tie)路建(jian)設(she)中開始試驗(yan)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)，1977年(nian)在西(xi)延線張家船工點，全長近200m的2000m2路塹邊坡(po)全部(bu)采用光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)后邊坡(po)平整(zheng)(zheng)穩定(ding)，殘留的半孔(kong)清晰(xi)可見，是鐵(tie)路建(jian)設(she)中采用路塹光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)。

聚(ju)能包(bao)由炸(zha)、形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)、隔板、殼體、引信和支架等(deng)部分(fen)組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，其作用(yong)(yong)及(ji)對(dui)聚(ju)能包(bao)威力(li)的(de)(de)(de)影響分(fen)述如下(xia)。1．炸(zha)，炸(zha)是(shi)聚(ju)能管爆破(po)的(de)(de)(de)能源，炸(zha)的(de)(de)(de)爆壓(ya)越大(da)(da)，聚(ju)能彈威力(li)越大(da)(da)；為得到高(gao)爆壓(ya)，需(xu)高(gao)爆速、高(gao)密(mi)度的(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)。常(chang)用(yong)(yong)炸(zha)有(you)梯恩(en)梯、8321炸(zha)等(deng)，裝(zhuang)方法有(you)熔鑄(zhu)，塑裝(zhuang)和壓(ya)裝(zhuang)多種(zhong)。2．型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)，型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)是(shi)把炸(zha)的(de)(de)(de)爆炸(zha)能轉化成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)罩(zhao)(zhao)體材料的(de)(de)(de)射(she)流(liu)動(dong)能，從而提高(gao)其穿透和切割能力(li)。型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)材料必(bi)須滿足四(si)點(dian)要求，即(ji)可(ke)壓(ya)縮性(xing)(xing)小、密(mi)度高(gao)、塑性(xing)(xing)和延展性(xing)(xing)好，在形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)射(she)流(liu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不汽化。大(da)(da)量試驗證明，用(yong)(yong)紫銅制作型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)效果好，其次為鑄(zhu)鐵、鋼和陶瓷。型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀多種(zhong)多樣，主要有(you)軸對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，如圓錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、半球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、拋物線形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和喇叭(ba)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)；面對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，常(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)有(you)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)切割屬板材的(de)(de)(de)直線形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和用(yong)(yong)于(yu)切割管材的(de)(de)(de)環形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能罩(zhao)(zhao)兩種(zhong)；中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，這種(zhong)球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能包(bao)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)有(you)球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)空腔和球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)，球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)外敷設炸(zha)，若(ruo)能在瞬間同時起爆，可(ke)在空腔中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)點(dian)獲得極大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)能量集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。在工程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)常(chang)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)軸對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)和面對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)兩類型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)。

采用一(yi)種抗靜電阻(zu)燃的(de)特種塑(su)料(liao)管(guan)、異形雙(shuang)槽聚(ju)能管(guan)，根(gen)據炮眼(yan)深度可長可短。是兩個相似半(ban)壁管(guan)組成，半(ban)壁管(guan)中央(yang)有個凹(ao)進去的(de)槽叫做'聚(ju)能槽"，使用聚(ju)能管(guan)光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)成型效果好，開挖輪廓線平順整齊，圍(wei)巖擾(rao)動(dong)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)、超(chao)欠挖明(ming)顯改(gai)善，有利于(yu)支護工(gong)(gong)(gong)序施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，同時混凝土(tu)回填成本(ben)(ben)大(da)為(wei)降低(di)。鑿孔率(lv)(lv)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)30%，大(da)大(da)降低(di)了(le)(le)(le)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)作(zuo)業工(gong)(gong)(gong)班的(de)勞(lao)動(dong)量(liang):鉆孔縮短30分鐘、少(shao)(shao)(shao)打眼(yan)、出渣(zha)量(liang)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)，降低(di)了(le)(le)(le)材料(liao)成本(ben)(ben)、減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時消耗、勞(lao)動(dong)效率(lv)(lv)明(ming)顯提(ti)(ti)高，周邊眼(yan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)成本(ben)(ben)降低(di)30%以上(shang)，半(ban)眼(yan)痕保(bao)留率(lv)(lv)高達85%以上(shang)。pvc爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)聚(ju)能管(guan)主要應用于(yu)隧道(dao)、煤(mei)礦(kuang)、鐵礦(kuang)等需要進行光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程。采用聚(ju)能管(guan)的(de)光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)可減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)鉆孔，擴大(da)孔距，減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)用量(liang)，減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)超(chao)挖，減(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)噴漿，提(ti)(ti)高半(ban)孔率(lv)(lv)，既節省了(le)(le)(le)成本(ben)(ben)又(you)提(ti)(ti)高了(le)(le)(le)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)效率(lv)(lv)。

1、先試探性的咨詢制造商銷售人員：您要訂爆破線產品的型號中字母表示意思；規格中的數字表示意思；執行標準中的字母及數字的表示意思。如果制造商銷售人員回答時支支吾吾、一知半解甚至一無所知，可想而知，其生產的產品質量如何。2、深孔爆破多向聚能管廠家任何一種產品都有其適用范圍和一定的使用環境。咨詢您要訂爆破線產品的性能、具體使用辦法、使用環境要求。如果制造商銷售人員給您的答復與您的要求不一致，臺州深孔爆破多向聚能管應判定(ding)為：爆(bao)破線制造(zao)(zao)商生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)型號規(gui)格(ge)(ge)單一(yi)或者其生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)只是對其他廠(chang)商產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)簡單模(mo)仿(fang)。3、正規(gui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)都有其科學的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)工藝和流程(cheng)。原材料合格(ge)(ge)供應商的(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇評定(ding)→原材料購(gou)進、運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)、儲存、保管(guan)→生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)質量控制→不(bu)合格(ge)(ge)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)處置(zhi)及糾正措施→運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)交付→售后(hou)服務均有嚴格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)操作規(gui)程(cheng)。咨詢(xun)爆(bao)破線制造(zao)(zao)商銷(xiao)售人員(yuan)任何一(yi)個節點，就可(ke)知其是否有能力(li)（生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)管(guan)理(li)水平、專業設(she)備及過程(cheng)檢(jian)測設(she)備）生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)出合格(ge)(ge)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)。

是(shi)將炸藥(yao)裝(zhuang)在(zai)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)內，兩頭均放置(zhi)了水(shui)(shui)袋(dai)，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)爆(bao)(bao)炸產生(sheng)的高溫高壓(ya)射流，讓水(shui)(shui)袋(dai)產生(sheng)“水(shui)(shui)楔”效應,使圍巖裂縫加(jia)劇延伸(shen)擴(kuo)展。它是(shi)在(zai)水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光面爆(bao)(bao)破基礎上(shang)(shang)發展起來的一項新技(ji)術，區(qu)別(bie)只是(shi)在(zai)周邊眼中安裝(zhuang)專用線性聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)藥(yao)管(guan)(guan)替代常規爆(bao)(bao)破藥(yao)卷和傳爆(bao)(bao)線，只要做到七大關(guan)鍵環節：水(shui)(shui)袋(dai)挺拔飽滿、炮泥(ni)(ni)軟(ruan)硬適中、水(shui)(shui)袋(dai)裝(zhuang)填到底、炮泥(ni)(ni)回填到口、木棍逐(zhu)節搗固、水(shui)(shui)藥(yao)緊密相連、槽面必(bi)須平行，就能(neng)(neng)對(dui)控制超欠(qian)挖起到良好效果。在(zai)推廣水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)爆(bao)(bao)破的基礎上(shang)(shang)，去年(nian)9月(yue)，水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)爆(bao)(bao)破的成(cheng)果上(shang)(shang)，今年(nian)更為深(shen)入地(di)在(zai)興泉(quan)鐵(tie)路大嶺隧(sui)道、牡佳鐵(tie)路麻山隧(sui)道采(cai)用了此項技(ji)術，積累了成(cheng)功經驗。

光面爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術優(you)勢：相對(dui)于傳統爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)工藝，聚能管光面爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)比常規爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)具有以(yi)下(xia)優(you)勢∶少(shao)打眼，少(shao)裝(zhuang)藥。節(jie)約(yue)(yue)周邊鉆孔(kong)量50%，總鉆孔(kong)進尺減少(shao)30%；節(jie)約(yue)(yue)炸藥10～20%，雷管30%。節(jie)約(yue)(yue)噴漿料(liao)15-20%。節(jie)省時間∶每循環(huan)鉆孔(kong)、裝(zhuang)藥、噴漿時間1.5-2.0小時。在(zai)安全(quan)方面利(li)用水沙袋替(ti)代炮泥，以(yi)避免搗(dao)炮泥損毀電(dian)雷管導線，造成(cheng)(cheng)瞎炮。大(da)(da)大(da)(da)減少(shao)對(dui)圍(wei)巖(yan)擾(rao)動，光面效果好，巖(yan)性條(tiao)件差情況下(xia)可(ke)以(yi)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)減少(shao)超挖量，控(kong)制(zhi)巷(xiang)道成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)；巖(yan)性完整(zheng)無(wu)節(jie)理情況下(xia)眼痕率(lv)可(ke)以(yi)達(da)到90%以(yi)上(shang)，巷(xiang)道成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)好，穩(wen)定性強。布孔(kong)方式優(you)化成(cheng)(cheng)多排(pai)掏槽布孔(kong)，單次掘進深度可(ke)以(yi)優(you)化提(ti)高10%到15%不(bu)等(deng)。由于炮孔(kong)數量大(da)(da)大(da)(da)減少(shao)可(ke)以(yi)考(kao)慮一(yi)起全(quan)斷面起爆(bao)，節(jie)省放炮時間。