發揮(hui)巨大效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)關鍵又在(zai)(zai)其上(shang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)“聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽”上(shang)。項目部目前(qian)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)有兩(liang)個(ge)“聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽”，通過這兩(liang)個(ge)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)讓爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的(de)(de)(de)威力(li)在(zai)(zai)隧道中(zhong)切割出十分(fen)平順的(de)(de)(de)輪(lun)廓線，的(de)(de)(de)控制了爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)量，有效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)管(guan)控了超(chao)挖欠(qian)挖的(de)(de)(de)現象。為(wei)了進(jin)一步嚴格控制開(kai)挖輪(lun)廓，達到提(ti)高光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)，并(bing)研究出了聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)上(shang)兩(liang)個(ge)“聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽”變為(wei)三個(ge)“聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽”的(de)(de)(de)發明(ming)設計，目前(qian)，該發明(ming)設計已經(jing)(jing)進(jin)入到了試生產(chan)階段。未來(lai)，三“聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽”設計的(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)水(shui)壓爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術將推動中(zhong)鐵(tie)十四局四公司張吉懷鐵(tie)路(lu)項目部施工開(kai)展(zhan)邁上(shang)一個(ge)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)臺(tai)階，給項目部帶來(lai)巨大的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)濟效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)益。工程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術經(jing)(jing)過幾十年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)，已經(jing)(jing)滲透(tou)到經(jing)(jing)濟建設的(de)(de)(de)眾多領域(yu)，特別為(wei)中(zhong)國的(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)路(lu)建設、礦(kuang)山(shan)開(kai)采(cai)、城市(shi)拆(chai)舊定(ding)向(xiang)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)等做出了重要貢獻。

給(gei)大家介紹下(xia)爆破(po)聚(ju)能(neng)管的(de)(de)技(ji)術原(yuan)理∶炸(zha)藥爆炸(zha)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)爆轟波(bo)通過聚(ju)能(neng)管的(de)(de)聚(ju)能(neng)槽，將炸(zha)藥的(de)(de)動(dong)能(neng)、勢能(neng)轉換(huan)成(cheng)高(gao)壓、高(gao)速(su)、高(gao)能(neng)的(de)(de)射(she)流，切(qie)割演示成(cheng)縫。射(she)流在孔壁產生(sheng)射(she)流壓力(li)達7000MPa，巖(yan)石(shi)動(dong)載抗(kang)壓強度為(wei)200MPa，抗(kang)拉為(wei)1/8～1/10的(de)(de)抗(kang)壓強度，相鄰兩(liang)炮孔互為(wei)鄰空面，疊加后(hou)的(de)(de)壓縮波(bo)變為(wei)稀疏(shu)波(bo)，在兩(liang)炮眼連線上使巖(yan)石(shi)結構斷裂，形(xing)成(cheng)裂紋(wen)。準靜態(tai)氣(qi)體膨脹，靜態(tai)壓力(li)在兩(liang)炮孔最短連線兩(liang)側產生(sheng)拉力(li)使巖(yan)石(shi)裂縫進(jin)一步擴(kuo)展。根據爆破(po)應力(li)集中氣(qi)刃(ren)作用原(yuan)則，爆破(po)氣(qi)體沿裂縫進(jin)一步擴(kuo)大貫(guan)通，拋落巖(yan)石(shi)。

在工程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，常用的(de)(de)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法、導火索起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法是(shi)利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能使(shi)雷管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸，進(jin)而起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥(yao)的(de)(de)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法。它所需的(de)(de)器材有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管(guan)、導線和起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的(de)(de)連(lian)(lian)接形式(shi)(shi)，要(yao)根據(ju)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)方(fang)法、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)規模、工程的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)性、所選起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源及其起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能力(li)(li)等進(jin)行(xing)選擇，基(ji)本連(lian)(lian)接方(fang)式(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)：串(chuan)聯、并聯、串(chuan)并聯和并串(chuan)聯等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法具有(you)(you)較安全、可靠、準確、高效等優點，在國內(nei)外仍占(zhan)有(you)(you)較大比重(zhong)(zhong)。在大、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，主要(yao)仍是(shi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是(shi)在有(you)(you)瓦(wa)斯、礦(kuang)塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的(de)(de)環境中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)主要(yao)的(de)(de)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易(yi)受各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號的(de)(de)干擾而發生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因(yin)此在有(you)(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高壓感(gan)應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)環境中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，不能使(shi)用普(pu)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管(guan)。

礦用型聚能管公司聚能藥包破碎法特點是:不需要打眼，因而不需要購買打眼設備和動力設備;施工簡單，施工進度比淺眼爆破法快安全性比普通淺眼爆破法和普通裸露藥包法好;勞動強度比淺眼爆破法低。礦用型聚能管公司制造聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包所采用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有:黑索(suo)金和(he)梯恩梯混合熔鑄型;乳化油(you)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)和(he)黑索(suo)金混裝(zhuang)型和(he)二號巖石硝鉸炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)壓制型。根據使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)結果證(zheng)明，選用(yong)(yong)密度較大(da)和(he)爆速較高的(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)制造聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包能(neng)(neng)(neng)獲得較好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)破碎效(xiao)果。這主要(yao)是由于它(ta)加工(gong)簡(jian)單和(he)破碎能(neng)(neng)(neng)力較大(da)。在(zai)礦山由于二次破碎消耗的(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包較多，而且金屬(shu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)型罩的(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)費工(gong)又費材料(liao)，所以多不采用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)型罩。國(guo)內生產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)一種用(yong)(yong)于破碎大(da)塊(kuai)的(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包，裝(zhuang)置聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包時，要(yao)將藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包垂直(zhi)裝(zhuang)在(zai)大(da)塊(kuai)的(de)(de)(de)頂(ding)面(mian)上，聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)穴(xue)朝(chao)下。藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包位置應選在(zai)頂(ding)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)幾何中心或附(fu)近較平整的(de)(de)(de)地(di)點(dian)。然后在(zai)上面(mian)覆蓋泥沙(sha)。

預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)與(yu)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技術(shu)的(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)與(yu)現(xian)(xian)狀(zhuang)：預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)是沿(yan)設(she)(she)計開(kai)挖(wa)邊界布(bu)置密集(ji)炮(pao)孔，采取不(bu)耦合裝(zhuang)藥或裝(zhuang)填低威力(li)炸藥，在(zai)(zai)(zai)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)區(qu)之前起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)，從而在(zai)(zai)(zai)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)區(qu)與(yu)保(bao)留區(qu)之間形成(cheng)預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)縫，以(yi)減弱主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)對(dui)保(bao)留巖體的(de)(de)破(po)壞并形成(cheng)平整輪廓面(mian)的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)作業。光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)是沿(yan)設(she)(she)計開(kai)挖(wa)邊界布(bu)設(she)(she)密集(ji)炮(pao)孔，采用不(bu)耦合裝(zhuang)藥或裝(zhuang)填低威力(li)炸藥，在(zai)(zai)(zai)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)區(qu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)之后(hou)起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)以(yi)形成(cheng)平整的(de)(de)開(kai)挖(wa)輪廓面(mian)的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)作業。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技術(shu)的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)是先出現(xian)(xian)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)，然后(hou)衍生發(fa)展(zhan)為預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)。聚能(neng)管國內歷(li)史(shi)(shi)與(yu)現(xian)(xian)狀(zhuang)，我國于1964～1965年(nian)(nian)(nian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)湖北(bei)陸(lu)水水電(dian)站(zhan)施工中做過(guo)淺孔預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)試驗，1965年(nian)(nian)(nian)鐵(tie)道(dao)部門在(zai)(zai)(zai)成(cheng)昆鐵(tie)路(lu)建(jian)設(she)(she)中開(kai)始試驗光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)，1977年(nian)(nian)(nian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)西延線張(zhang)家船工點(dian)，全(quan)長近200m的(de)(de)2000m2路(lu)塹邊坡全(quan)部采用光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)后(hou)邊坡平整穩定，殘留的(de)(de)半孔清晰可見，是鐵(tie)路(lu)建(jian)設(she)(she)中采用路(lu)塹光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)。

是由管(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)、前(qian)錐(zhui)(zhui)形(xing)定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)(mao)、后定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵構成，管(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)為塑性材料(liao)制(zhi)成，呈管(guan)(guan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，管(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)小于正常炮眼內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)，長(chang)度(du)可隨爆破需要(yao)生(sheng)產，管(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)兩(liang)端(duan)(duan)各有外(wai)螺(luo)紋(wen)，兩(liang)端(duan)(duan)外(wai)螺(luo)紋(wen)間有一(yi)(yi)縱向切(qie)縫，切(qie)縫間等距有加強筋，前(qian)錐(zhui)(zhui)形(xing)定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)(mao)呈傘(san)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，傘(san)形(xing)尖(jian)有一(yi)(yi)光孔，兩(liang)側直壁(bi)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)有螺(luo)紋(wen)，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)前(qian)端(duan)(duan)螺(luo)紋(wen)配合，帽(mao)(mao)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)大于管(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)，后定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵為一(yi)(yi)封蓋，外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)直徑(jing)(jing)(jing)大于管(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)，與(yu)前(qian)錐(zhui)(zhui)形(xing)定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)(mao)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)(yi)致，后定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)有螺(luo)紋(wen)，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)后端(duan)(duan)螺(luo)紋(wen)配合。可根據炮眼深(shen)度(du)采用(yong)合適(shi)的聚能管(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)，不需其他(ta)工具幫(bang)助送入炮眼，切(qie)縫方向準確，兩(liang)端(duan)(duan)的前(qian)錐(zhui)(zhui)形(xing)定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)(mao)和(he)后定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)與(yu)炮眼內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)(yi)致，保證聚能管(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)同心，定(ding)(ding)向準確。且利于工業化生(sheng)產，作業安全