我(wo)國20世紀(ji)60年(nian)代(dai)(dai)利用(yong)斷(duan)裂力(li)學對巖石(shi)損傷(shang)引起(qi)的(de)(de)裂紋(wen)擴展進(jin)行過試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)研究(jiu)，為聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)爆(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)應(ying)用(yong)到工(gong)程做(zuo)了(le)不少理(li)論分析(xi)，也取(qu)(qu)得(de)一些進(jin)展。80年(nian)代(dai)(dai)中期開(kai)始(shi)進(jin)行應(ying)用(yong)研究(jiu)，以北京礦業(ye)學院為代(dai)(dai)表，著(zhu)重研究(jiu)了(le)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)包切割(ge)饑理(li)和(he)應(ying)用(yong)。1987年(nian)淮南礦業(ye)學院取(qu)(qu)得(de)“雙面(mian)切割(ge)器”的(de)(de)zhuanli，1995年(nian)又(you)取(qu)(qu)得(de)“大理(li)石(shi)花崗巖切割(ge)技(ji)術(shu)應(ying)用(yong)”zhuanli。1991年(nian)中國水電七局曾試(shi)(shi)圖采用(yong)硬質紙(zhi)加(jia)工(gong)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)管(guan)成形聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)卷做(zuo)過聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)預(yu)(yu)裂爆(bao)破(po)(po)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)研究(jiu)，但(dan)終因當(dang)時的(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)及工(gong)藝水平的(de)(de)限制無法用(yong)于正常施工(gong)，但(dan)是他們開(kai)了(le)橢圓(yuan)雙極線性聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)結構試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)的(de)(de)先河。雙聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)預(yu)(yu)裂與光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)綜合技(ji)術(shu)開(kai)創輪廓控制爆(bao)破(po)(po)新時代(dai)(dai)。

在工程爆破中，礦用型雙向聚能管價格常用的起爆方法有：電力起爆法、導火索起爆法、導爆索起爆法、導爆管起爆法。電力起爆法是利用電能使雷管爆炸，進而起爆炸藥的起爆芳法。它所需的器材有：電雷管、導線和起爆電源。電爆網路的連接形式，要根據爆破方法、爆破規模、工程的重要性、所選起爆電源及其起爆能力等進行選擇，青島礦用型雙向聚能管基(ji)本連接方式有(you)：串聯、并聯、串并聯和并串聯等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)爆(bao)法(fa)具有(you)較安全、可靠、準確、高效等優點(dian)，在(zai)國內(nei)外仍占有(you)較大比重(zhong)。在(zai)大、中(zhong)型(xing)爆(bao)破中(zhong)，主要(yao)仍是(shi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)爆(bao)。特別是(shi)在(zai)有(you)瓦斯(si)、礦(kuang)塵爆(bao)炸(zha)的(de)環境(jing)中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)爆(bao)是(shi)主要(yao)的(de)起(qi)爆(bao)方法(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)爆(bao)容易(yi)受各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)號的(de)干擾而發生早爆(bao)，因此在(zai)有(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射(she)頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高壓感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)環境(jing)中(zhong)，不能使用普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)(lei)管。

我國于1983年(nian)制定(ding)(ding)了(le)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物巖(yan)(yan)行(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎開挖(wa)(wa)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)范》(sD 121l一1983)。自此，在(zai)(zai)水(shui)利水(shui)電建(jian)(jian)設(she)中(zhong)預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)與(yu)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)已成為(wei)必須進行(xing)的(de)保護邊(bian)坡質量(liang)(liang)的(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)開挖(wa)(wa)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)措(cuo)施(shi)。此后(hou)在(zai)(zai)此基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎上修(xiu)訂的(de)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物巖(yan)(yan)石基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎開挖(wa)(wa)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)范》(SL 47一1994)以(yi)及在(zai)(zai)《水(shui)電水(shui)利爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)范》(DL／T 5135—2001)和(he)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物巖(yan)(yan)石基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎開挖(wa)(wa)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)范》(DL／T 5389～2007)中(zhong)預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)與(yu)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)均被(bei)編入并有(you)所改進，DL／T 5135—2001正(zheng)在(zai)(zai)修(xiu)編為(wei)DL／T 5135—2012。鐵(tie)道部(bu)也(ye)不僅規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)了(le)凡是(shi)Ⅲ級以(yi)上的(de)巖(yan)(yan)石邊(bian)坡，設(she)計(ji)邊(bian)坡坡度為(wei)1：0．1～1：0．75，在(zai)(zai)邊(bian)坡部(bu)位的(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)設(she)計(ji)和(he)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)都應采用(yong)(yong)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)或預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)，并闡述了(le)光面(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)設(she)計(ji)的(de)原(yuan)則和(he)參數(shu)(shu)、安全措(cuo)施(shi)，而且還明確(que)了(le)路(lu)塹邊(bian)坡光面(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)項目質量(liang)(liang)驗收檢測數(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)和(he)檢測方法。無疑該規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)的(de)實施(shi)，有(you)力地(di)推動和(he)促進了(le)光面(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)在(zai)(zai)鐵(tie)路(lu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)中(zhong)的(de)應用(yong)(yong)與(yu)發展。

水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)較(jiao)水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，在周(zhou)邊眼單循(xun)環(huan)火工品使用(yong)量上(shang)節(jie)約費用(yong)8.3%，周(zhou)邊眼鉆孔數量從(cong)39個下降(jiang)為23個費用(yong)節(jie)約41%，混凝土噴射每延(yan)米節(jie)約1.37立方(fang)米。水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)比水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)每循(xun)環(huan)節(jie)約費用(yong)258.4元，即每延(yan)米節(jie)約76較(jiao)元，節(jie)約費用(yong)比例達(da)32%。此外，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)有效降(jiang)低隧(sui)道內石渣塊度和(he)粉塵(chen)含量，還可使通風(feng)時間有效縮短(duan)33%。聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)工藝(yi)技(ji)術(shu)很(hen)(hen)成熟、可操作(zuo)(zuo)性很(hen)(hen)強、材料成本很(hen)(hen)低、施工速度很(hen)(hen)快、節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)環(huan)保(bao)效果(guo)很(hen)(hen)顯(xian)著、經濟效益社(she)會效益很(hen)(hen)高。聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)定(ding)向(xiang)(xiang)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)是近幾(ji)年發展起來的(de)一項(xiang)掘進新(xin)技(ji)術(shu),這種爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)與傳統(tong)的(de)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)有一定(ding)的(de)差別,聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)定(ding)向(xiang)(xiang)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)原理(li)是在巷道周(zhou)邊眼中,將炸(zha)裝在聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)中起爆(bao),爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)時利用(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)的(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong),以減少裂隙的(de)數量和(he)控(kong)制優勢裂隙的(de)發展方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)。