是將(jiang)炸藥(yao)裝在(zai)(zai)聚(ju)能管內,兩頭(tou)均放置了水(shui)(shui)(shui)袋,聚(ju)能管爆炸產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)高溫(wen)高壓射流,讓水(shui)(shui)(shui)袋產(chan)生(sheng)“水(shui)(shui)(shui)楔(xie)”效應,使圍巖裂縫加劇延伸擴展。它(ta)是在(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆破(po)基礎上(shang)發展起來的(de)一項(xiang)新(xin)技(ji)術(shu),區(qu)別只是在(zai)(zai)周(zhou)邊眼中安裝專用線(xian)性聚(ju)能藥(yao)管替代常規爆破(po)藥(yao)卷和傳爆線(xian),只要做到(dao)七大關鍵環節:水(shui)(shui)(shui)袋挺拔(ba)飽滿(man)、炮泥(ni)軟硬適中、水(shui)(shui)(shui)袋裝填(tian)到(dao)底(di)、炮泥(ni)回填(tian)到(dao)口、木棍逐節搗(dao)固、水(shui)(shui)(shui)藥(yao)緊密相連(lian)、槽面(mian)(mian)必須平(ping)行,就能對(dui)控制超欠挖起到(dao)良好效果。在(zai)(zai)推廣水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓爆破(po)的(de)基礎上(shang),去年(nian)9月,水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓聚(ju)能爆破(po)的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)果上(shang),今年(nian)更(geng)為深(shen)入地在(zai)(zai)興泉鐵路(lu)大嶺隧道、牡佳鐵路(lu)麻山隧道采用了此項(xiang)技(ji)術(shu),積累了成(cheng)(cheng)功經驗。
施工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝嚴格(ge)遵(zun)循六字方(fang)(fang)針(掛滿(man)、貼緊(jin)、對準):(1)要(yao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)炮眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)打(da)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)質(zhi)量,炮眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)必須按技(ji)術要(yao)求合理布置。(2)要(yao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)掏(tao)槽眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)以(yi)及其他眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)打(da)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)質(zhi)量,一(yi)定(ding)要(yao)在規定(ding)位置上打(da)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan);二要(yao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)炮眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)深度和角(jiao)度。(3)聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)裝藥時,要(yao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)乳(ru)化炸(zha)藥在聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)空內壁中(zhong)(zhong)填充飽滿(man)不(bu)得有空隙(xi)出現時以(yi)產生拒爆。(4)聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)在炮眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)裝填時,要(yao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)的(de)(de)兩條(tiao)聚能(neng)(neng)槽指向巷(xiang)道輪(lun)廓線(xian)方(fang)(fang)向并且(qie)各個炮眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)的(de)(de)聚能(neng)(neng)槽軸線(xian)方(fang)(fang)面要(yao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)相(xiang)互(hu)連接在隧道輪(lun)廓線(xian)上。否則成型效果不(bu)僅(jin)不(bu)好,反而更(geng)差。(5)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)炮眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)堵塞質(zhi)量。(6)放炮員應(ying)提前按規定(ding)裝好聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)的(de)(de)炸(zha)藥,并做好準備工(gong)(gong)作。試用范(fan)圍(wei):一(yi)級至五級圍(wei)巖的(de)(de)光面爆破工(gong)(gong)程。
專業雙向爆破聚能管預裂與光面爆破技術的歷史與現狀:預裂爆破是沿設計開挖邊界布置密集炮孔,采取不耦合裝藥或裝填低威力炸藥,在主爆區之前起爆,從而在爆區與保留區之間形成預裂縫,以減弱主爆破對保留巖體的破壞并形成平整輪廓面的爆破作業。雙向爆破聚能管價格光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)是(shi)沿設(she)計開挖(wa)邊(bian)(bian)界布設(she)密(mi)集(ji)炮孔,采用不耦合(he)裝藥(yao)或裝填低威力(li)炸藥(yao),在(zai)主爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區(qu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)以形成(cheng)平(ping)整的(de)開挖(wa)輪廓面(mian)的(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)作業。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術的(de)發展是(shi)先出現光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po),然后(hou)(hou)衍生(sheng)發展為預裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)。聚能管國內歷史與現狀,我(wo)國于1964~1965年在(zai)湖北陸水水電站(zhan)施工中(zhong)做過淺孔預裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)試驗,1965年鐵(tie)道部(bu)門在(zai)成(cheng)昆鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)建(jian)設(she)中(zhong)開始試驗光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po),1977年在(zai)西延線張家船工點,全長近200m的(de)2000m2路(lu)(lu)塹邊(bian)(bian)坡全部(bu)采用光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po),爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)后(hou)(hou)邊(bian)(bian)坡平(ping)整穩定,殘留的(de)半孔清晰可見,是(shi)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)建(jian)設(she)中(zhong)采用路(lu)(lu)塹光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)。
水壓光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)較水壓光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po),在(zai)周邊(bian)眼單循環火工(gong)品使用量上節(jie)約費用8.3%,周邊(bian)眼鉆(zhan)孔數(shu)量從39個(ge)下降為23個(ge)費用節(jie)約41%,混(hun)凝(ning)土噴射每延(yan)米(mi)節(jie)約1.37立方(fang)米(mi)。水壓光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)比水壓光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)每循環節(jie)約費用258.4元(yuan),即每延(yan)米(mi)節(jie)約76較元(yuan),節(jie)約費用比例達32%。此外,聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)水壓光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)能(neng)(neng)有(you)效(xiao)降低隧道(dao)內石渣塊度和粉塵含量,還可(ke)使通風(feng)時間有(you)效(xiao)縮短33%。聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)工(gong)藝技(ji)術(shu)很(hen)成熟、可(ke)操作性(xing)很(hen)強、材料成本很(hen)低、施工(gong)速度很(hen)快、節(jie)能(neng)(neng)環保(bao)效(xiao)果很(hen)顯(xian)著、經濟(ji)效(xiao)益(yi)社會效(xiao)益(yi)很(hen)高(gao)。聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)定(ding)向爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)是近幾年發(fa)展(zhan)起來(lai)的(de)(de)一項掘進新技(ji)術(shu),這(zhe)種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)與(yu)傳統的(de)(de)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)有(you)一定(ding)的(de)(de)差別,聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)定(ding)向爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)原理是在(zai)巷道(dao)周邊(bian)眼中,將炸裝在(zai)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)中起爆(bao)(bao)(bao),爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)時利用聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)的(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)作用,以減少裂隙的(de)(de)數(shu)量和控制優勢裂隙的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)方(fang)向。