專用礦用型聚能管聚能包由炸、形罩、隔板、殼體、引信和支架等部分組成，其作用及對聚能包威力的影響分述如下。1．炸，炸是聚能管爆破的能源，炸的爆壓越大，聚能彈威力越大；為得到高爆壓，需高爆速、高密度的炸。常用炸有梯恩梯、8321炸等，裝方法有熔鑄，塑裝和壓裝多種。2．型罩，型罩的作用是把炸的爆炸能轉化成罩體材料的射流動能，從而提高其穿透和切割能力。礦用型聚能管公司型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)的(de)材料(liao)必(bi)須滿(man)足(zu)四點要求，即可壓縮性(xing)(xing)小、密度(du)高(gao)、塑(su)性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)延展(zhan)性(xing)(xing)好，在形(xing)(xing)(xing)成射(she)流中(zhong)不(bu)汽化。大量(liang)試驗證明，用(yong)紫銅制作型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)效(xiao)果好，其次為鑄鐵、鋼(gang)和(he)(he)陶瓷。型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)的(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)多種(zhong)多樣(yang)，主要有軸對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，如圓錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)、半球形(xing)(xing)(xing)、拋物線形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)喇叭(ba)形(xing)(xing)(xing)等；面(mian)對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，常見的(de)有用(yong)于切割屬板材的(de)直線形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)用(yong)于切割管材的(de)環形(xing)(xing)(xing)聚能(neng)罩(zhao)兩種(zhong)；中(zhong)心對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，這種(zhong)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)聚能(neng)包，中(zhong)心有球形(xing)(xing)(xing)空腔和(he)(he)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)，球形(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)外敷設炸(zha)，若能(neng)在瞬間同時起爆(bao)，可在空腔中(zhong)心點獲(huo)得極大的(de)能(neng)量(liang)集中(zhong)。在工程中(zhong)常用(yong)的(de)是軸對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)面(mian)對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)兩類(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)。

是由管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)、前(qian)錐形定(ding)格(ge)帽、后定(ding)格(ge)堵構成(cheng)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)為(wei)(wei)塑性材料制(zhi)成(cheng)，呈(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)狀，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)正常炮(pao)(pao)眼內(nei)(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，長度可隨(sui)爆(bao)破需要生產，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)兩(liang)(liang)端(duan)各有外(wai)(wai)(wai)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)，兩(liang)(liang)端(duan)外(wai)(wai)(wai)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)間有一(yi)(yi)縱(zong)向(xiang)切(qie)縫(feng)，切(qie)縫(feng)間等距(ju)有加強筋(jin)，前(qian)錐形定(ding)格(ge)帽呈(cheng)傘(san)狀，傘(san)形尖有一(yi)(yi)光孔，兩(liang)(liang)側直壁內(nei)(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)有螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)前(qian)端(duan)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)配合，帽體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)大于(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)，后定(ding)格(ge)堵為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)封蓋(gai)，外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)直徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)大于(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，與(yu)前(qian)錐形定(ding)格(ge)帽外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)(yi)致(zhi)，后定(ding)格(ge)堵內(nei)(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)有螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)后端(duan)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)配合。可根據炮(pao)(pao)眼深度采用合適的聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)，不需其他工(gong)具(ju)幫助送入炮(pao)(pao)眼，切(qie)縫(feng)方(fang)向(xiang)準確，兩(liang)(liang)端(duan)的前(qian)錐形定(ding)格(ge)帽和后定(ding)格(ge)堵外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)與(yu)炮(pao)(pao)眼內(nei)(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)(yi)致(zhi)，保證聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)同心，定(ding)向(xiang)準確。且利于(yu)(yu)工(gong)業(ye)化生產，作業(ye)安全(quan)

預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)與光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)與現(xian)狀(zhuang)：預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)是(shi)沿設(she)計開(kai)挖(wa)邊界布置密集炮(pao)孔(kong)(kong)，采取不(bu)耦合裝藥或(huo)裝填低(di)威(wei)力炸藥，在(zai)主(zhu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區(qu)之前起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，從(cong)而在(zai)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區(qu)與保(bao)留區(qu)之間形成(cheng)預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)縫(feng)，以(yi)減(jian)弱主(zhu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)對(dui)保(bao)留巖體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)破(po)壞并形成(cheng)平(ping)整(zheng)輪廓面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)作業(ye)。光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)是(shi)沿設(she)計開(kai)挖(wa)邊界布設(she)密集炮(pao)孔(kong)(kong)，采用不(bu)耦合裝藥或(huo)裝填低(di)威(wei)力炸藥，在(zai)主(zhu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區(qu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)之后起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)以(yi)形成(cheng)平(ping)整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)挖(wa)輪廓面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)作業(ye)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展是(shi)先出現(xian)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)，然(ran)后衍生發(fa)展為(wei)預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)。聚能(neng)管國(guo)內歷史(shi)與現(xian)狀(zhuang)，我國(guo)于1964～1965年在(zai)湖(hu)北陸水水電站施工中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)做過(guo)淺孔(kong)(kong)預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)試驗(yan)(yan)，1965年鐵(tie)(tie)道部(bu)門在(zai)成(cheng)昆鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)建設(she)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)開(kai)始試驗(yan)(yan)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)，1977年在(zai)西延線張家船工點，全長近200m的(de)(de)(de)(de)2000m2路(lu)塹邊坡全部(bu)采用光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)后邊坡平(ping)整(zheng)穩定，殘留的(de)(de)(de)(de)半孔(kong)(kong)清晰可(ke)見，是(shi)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)建設(she)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)采用路(lu)塹光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)。

各種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)器(qi)材銷毀(hui)以(yi)及爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)器(qi)材意外爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸時，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)源(yuan)與(yu)人(ren)員(yuan)和(he)其他保護對(dui)象(xiang)之間的(de)安全(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li)稱為(wei)(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安全(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安全(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li)應(ying)取各種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)效(xiao)應(ying)（地(di)震、沖(chong)擊波(bo)、飛石(shi)、有毒氣體等(deng)）分別(bie)核定的(de)大值。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)時，必(bi)然(ran)產生爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地(di)震、空氣沖(chong)擊波(bo)、碎(sui)石(shi)飛散及有害(hai)(hai)(hai)氣體，因此，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)設(she)計時必(bi)須確定爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)危害(hai)(hai)(hai)范圍，并確定爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)點到附近人(ren)員(yuan)、設(she)備(bei)、建筑物(wu)及井(jing)巷等(deng)的(de)安全(quan)(quan)，這(zhe)一段距(ju)離(li)就稱為(wei)(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安全(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li)。如何控制好這(zhe)段距(ju)離(li)就顯的(de)尤為(wei)(wei)重要。為(wei)(wei)保證爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安全(quan)(quan)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地(di)點與(yu)人(ren)員(yuan)或其他應(ying)保護對(dui)象(xiang)之間必(bi)須保持短的(de)相隔長度。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)有害(hai)(hai)(hai)效(xiao)應(ying)隨距(ju)離(li)的(de)增加(jia)有規(gui)律地(di)衰減，用(yong)距(ju)離(li)作為(wei)(wei)安全(quan)(quan)尺(chi)度可(ke)限定爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)有害(hai)(hai)(hai)效(xiao)應(ying)在允許限度之內(nei)。中國《爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安全(quan)(quan)規(gui)程》規(gui)定了爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地(di)震安全(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li)，個(ge)別(bie)飛散物(wu)安全(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li)，以(yi)及爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸沖(chong)擊波(bo)的(de)安全(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li)。