在工(gong)程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)，常用(yong)的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)(fang)法有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法、導(dao)(dao)火索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法、導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法、導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法是利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能使雷(lei)管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)，進而起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)藥的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳(fang)法。它所需的(de)(de)器(qi)材有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管(guan)、導(dao)(dao)線(xian)和(he)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的(de)(de)連接(jie)形式，要(yao)根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破方(fang)(fang)法、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破規模(mo)、工(gong)程的(de)(de)重要(yao)性(xing)、所選起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源及(ji)其(qi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能力(li)等(deng)進行(xing)選擇，基本連接(jie)方(fang)(fang)式有(you)：串聯、并(bing)聯、串并(bing)聯和(he)并(bing)串聯等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法具有(you)較安全、可靠、準確、高(gao)效等(deng)優點，在國內外仍占有(you)較大(da)比重。在大(da)、中(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)，主要(yao)仍是用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是在有(you)瓦斯(si)、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)環境中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是主要(yao)的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)(fang)法。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容(rong)易受各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)信號的(de)(de)干擾而發生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此(ci)在有(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、高(gao)壓(ya)感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)環境中(zhong)，不能使用(yong)普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管(guan)。

對(dui)于爆(bao)(bao)破作(zuo)業安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu),是(shi)(shi)從兩個(ge)(ge)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)去考慮的(de)(de)(de)(de)，一方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)是(shi)(shi)炸和(he)起爆(bao)(bao)器材以及對(dui)其爆(bao)(bao)炸所造成的(de)(de)(de)(de)破壞(huai)作(zuo)用進行(xing)限制的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)技(ji)術,這是(shi)(shi)主動的(de)(de)(de)(de)。另一個(ge)(ge)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)是(shi)(shi)對(dui)爆(bao)(bao)破所產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)危害采(cai)取的(de)(de)(de)(de)防護措施(shi),這是(shi)(shi)被動的(de)(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)(ge)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)。兩者對(dui)阻止爆(bao)(bao)破帶來的(de)(de)(de)(de)破壞(huai)性(xing)有同樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)性(xing),但在具體的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)破工(gong)程中,則常(chang)常(chang)會(hui)有變化不定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)現象和(he)后(hou)果,因(yin)此,必須對(dui)每一項工(gong)程破壞(huai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)具體情況(kuang)作(zuo)細致的(de)(de)(de)(de)分析研究(jiu),從而(er)采(cai)取適當(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)策。同時(shi)，雖然技(ji)術不斷取得進步(bu)，須在操(cao)作(zuo)過程中注(zhu)意每個(ge)(ge)工(gong)序，按照安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)規(gui)程認(ren)真作(zuo)業。只要(yao)嚴格遵(zun)守安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)規(gui)程、正確地(di)采(cai)取安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)技(ji)術措施(shi)和(he)防護措施(shi),任何規(gui)模、任何種類的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)破是(shi)(shi)可(ke)以確保(bao)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。一些安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)條文是(shi)(shi)有經驗教(jiao)訓和(he)理論(lun)根(gen)據的(de)(de)(de)(de)，有的(de)(de)(de)(de)甚至是(shi)(shi)血的(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)訓的(de)(de)(de)(de)總結，所以一定(ding)要(yao)克服麻痹思想(xiang)，嚴格執(zhi)行(xing)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)規(gui)定(ding)，決不能以沒(mei)出過事故而(er)輕率(lv)地(di)"突破"規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)"框框"。

水壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)面爆破(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，是在(zai)水壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)面爆破(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)基礎(chu)上發展(zhan)起來的(de)(de)(de)一項新技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，其掏槽眼、輔助眼裝(zhuang)藥結(jie)構和爆破(po)方式與水壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)面爆破(po)相同，但在(zai)周(zhou)邊眼中安裝(zhuang)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管裝(zhuang)置替代常規爆破(po)藥卷和傳爆線，利用(yong)(yong)(yong)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管產生的(de)(de)(de)粒子射流動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)爆破(po)氣體(ti)應力及“氣楔”作用(yong)(yong)(yong)，形成平整圓順(shun)的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)挖(wa)輪(lun)廓(kuo)面，對控制超欠挖(wa)具有良好(hao)效(xiao)果，有效(xiao)提升了隧道施工質量、進度和經(jing)濟效(xiao)益。科學合理地利用(yong)(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源，提高能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源利用(yong)(yong)(yong)效(xiao)率(lv)，對節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)減排也十(shi)分重要。利用(yong)(yong)(yong)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管兩端的(de)(de)(de)水平開(kai)出的(de)(de)(de)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽產生的(de)(de)(de)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)射流效(xiao)應對巖石進行破(po)碎。據專(zhuan)家測(ce)算，由(you)于(yu)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管兩端聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽產生的(de)(de)(de)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)切割效(xiao)應，其能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)比提升一個量級。

專業深孔爆破聚能管是將炸藥裝在聚能管內，兩頭均放置了水袋，聚能管爆炸產生的高溫高壓射流，讓水袋產生“水楔”效應,使圍巖裂縫加劇延伸擴展。它是在水壓光面爆破基礎上發展起來的一項新技術，區別只是在周邊眼中安裝專用線性聚能藥管替代常規爆破藥卷和傳爆線，只要做到七大關鍵環節：水袋挺拔飽滿、炮泥軟硬適中、水袋裝填到底、炮泥回填到口、木棍逐節搗固、水藥緊密相連、槽面必須平行，就能對控制超欠挖起到良好效果。深孔爆破聚能管廠家在(zai)推廣(guang)水(shui)壓(ya)爆破的基礎上(shang)，去年9月(yue)，水(shui)壓(ya)聚能爆破的成(cheng)果上(shang)，今年更(geng)為深入地在(zai)興泉鐵路大(da)嶺隧道、牡佳鐵路麻山隧道采用了此項(xiang)技術，積累了成(cheng)功(gong)經驗。

光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)技術優(you)勢：相對(dui)于傳統爆(bao)破(po)(po)工藝，聚能管(guan)光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)比常規爆(bao)破(po)(po)具有以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)優(you)勢∶少(shao)打眼(yan)，少(shao)裝(zhuang)藥(yao)。節(jie)(jie)約周邊鉆孔(kong)量50%，總鉆孔(kong)進尺(chi)減少(shao)30%；節(jie)(jie)約炸藥(yao)10～20%，雷(lei)管(guan)30%。節(jie)(jie)約噴(pen)漿料15-20%。節(jie)(jie)省(sheng)時(shi)間(jian)∶每循環鉆孔(kong)、裝(zhuang)藥(yao)、噴(pen)漿時(shi)間(jian)1.5-2.0小時(shi)。在安全方面(mian)利(li)用水沙袋替(ti)代炮(pao)(pao)泥，以(yi)(yi)避免搗炮(pao)(pao)泥損毀電(dian)雷(lei)管(guan)導線，造成(cheng)瞎炮(pao)(pao)。大(da)大(da)減少(shao)對(dui)圍巖(yan)擾動，光面(mian)效果(guo)好，巖(yan)性條(tiao)件差情(qing)況下(xia)(xia)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)大(da)大(da)減少(shao)超挖量，控(kong)制巷道成(cheng)型；巖(yan)性完整(zheng)無節(jie)(jie)理情(qing)況下(xia)(xia)眼(yan)痕率可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)達到90%以(yi)(yi)上，巷道成(cheng)型好，穩定性強。布孔(kong)方式優(you)化成(cheng)多(duo)排掏槽(cao)布孔(kong)，單次掘進深度可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)優(you)化提高10%到15%不(bu)等。由于炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)數量大(da)大(da)減少(shao)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)考慮一起全斷面(mian)起爆(bao)，節(jie)(jie)省(sheng)放(fang)炮(pao)(pao)時(shi)間(jian)。

一、查驗生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)企(qi)(qi)業資(zi)質：1、經(jing)過歷年(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)審(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)法人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)營業執照：一般(ban)情況(kuang)下，個(ge)(ge)體工(gong)商戶(hu)、個(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)獨資(zi)企(qi)(qi)業注(zhu)冊資(zi)金(jin)低于人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民幣五十萬元的(de)(de)(de)(de)即可認(ren)定為(wei)(wei)(wei)家(jia)庭作坊(fang)式廠家(jia)。2、具(ju)備(bei)(bei)一般(ban)納(na)稅(shui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)資(zi)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)稅(shui)務登(deng)記證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)：企(qi)(qi)業產(chan)(chan)品(pin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)度(du)銷售額達到或超過一定金(jin)額（以(yi)稅(shui)務發票開具(ju)數額為(wei)(wei)(wei)準）并經(jing)主管稅(shui)務機關核(he)準、具(ju)備(bei)(bei)獨立的(de)(de)(de)(de)開票場(chang)所、專職(zhi)會(hui)計(ji)及(ji)相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)辦稅(shui)機具(ju)才能(neng)升級為(wei)(wei)(wei)一般(ban)納(na)稅(shui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)企(qi)(qi)業。3、經(jing)過歷年(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)審(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)組織機構代(dai)碼(ma)(ma)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)：組織機構代(dai)碼(ma)(ma)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)是中華(hua)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民共(gong)和國境(jing)內(nei)始終不變的(de)(de)(de)(de)法定代(dai)碼(ma)(ma)標識，未(wei)經(jing)年(nian)(nian)(nian)度(du)審(shen)驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)，可視為(wei)(wei)(wei)非法機構。4、國家(jia)強(qiang)制性產(chan)(chan)品(pin)認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)書：一般(ban)情況(kuang)下，所有的(de)(de)(de)(de)電線電纜生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)企(qi)(qi)業只要生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)國家(jia)強(qiang)制性產(chan)(chan)品(pin)認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)范圍內(nei)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)必須通過國家(jia)強(qiang)制性產(chan)(chan)品(pin)認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)（CCC）。依基本(ben)常識判斷，既(ji)然單位名(ming)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)“xxx電線廠”“xxx線纜廠”，其產(chan)(chan)品(pin)未(wei)通過或從未(wei)通過國家(jia)強(qiang)制性產(chan)(chan)品(pin)認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)明(ming)其硬件(jian)(jian)、軟件(jian)(jian)設施(shi)及(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員配備(bei)(bei)根(gen)本(ben)達不到一個(ge)(ge)合格的(de)(de)(de)(de)電線電纜生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)廠家(jia)應(ying)具(ju)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)。5、國際(ji)質量(liang)體系認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)書：ISO國際(ji)質量(liang)體系認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)是一個(ge)(ge)企(qi)(qi)業整體素(su)質、產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質量(liang)管理水平以(yi)及(ji)服務水平的(de)(de)(de)(de)標志。6、開戶(hu)許(xu)可證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。