水(shui)壓光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)技術(shu)在(zai)隧道(dao)掘進(jin)作(zuo)業中的(de)實際應用。提(ti)升(sheng)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)水(shui)平(ping)、嚴抓隧道(dao)超挖(wa)管(guan)控進(jin)行了(le)介紹。聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)水(shui)壓光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)技術(shu)很(hen)成熟、可操作(zuo)性(xing)很(hen)強、材(cai)料(liao)成本很(hen)低、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)速度(du)很(hen)快、節(jie)能(neng)(neng)環保效(xiao)果很(hen)顯著、經濟(ji)效(xiao)益(yi)社會效(xiao)益(yi)很(hen)高。一(yi)是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)提(ti)高對(dui)推廣該項技術(shu)重要(yao)(yao)性(xing)和必(bi)然性(xing)的(de)認(ren)識(shi);二是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)樹立必(bi)須采取聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)水(shui)壓光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)的(de)意識(shi);三(san)是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)堅持(chi)培訓、示(shi)范、監(jian)督“三(san)位一(yi)體”;四是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)制(zhi)(zhi)定切(qie)實的(de)獎懲制(zhi)(zhi)度(du);五是(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)建立檢查監(jian)督機制(zhi)(zhi)，持(chi)續促(cu)進(jin)該項技術(shu)的(de)深入推廣。在(zai)隧道(dao)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)現場管(guan)理、科(ke)技創(chuang)新、人才培養、經濟(ji)效(xiao)益(yi)等方面(mian)(mian)的(de)不(bu)足。建議對(dui)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)一(yi)線(xian)基礎技術(shu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)扎實推進(jin);對(dui)新工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)、先進(jin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)法要(yao)(yao)深入學習鉆研;對(dui)消極懈怠、故步(bu)自封(feng)的(de)思(si)想要(yao)(yao)堅決抵制(zhi)(zhi)。

專用礦用型雙向聚能管施工工藝嚴格遵循六字方針(掛滿、貼緊、對準)：(1)要保證炮眼打眼質量,炮眼必須按技術要求合理布置。(2)要保證掏槽眼以及其他眼眼的打眼質量,一定要在規定位置上打眼;二濟南礦用型雙向聚能管要保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)炮(pao)眼深度(du)和(he)角(jiao)度(du)。(3)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)裝藥時,要保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)乳(ru)化炸藥在聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)中空內壁中填充飽滿不得有(you)空隙出(chu)現時以產(chan)生拒爆。(4)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)在炮(pao)眼中裝填時,要保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)的兩(liang)條聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽指(zhi)向巷道輪廓(kuo)(kuo)線(xian)(xian)方(fang)向并(bing)且(qie)各個炮(pao)眼聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)的聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽軸線(xian)(xian)方(fang)面要保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)相互連接在隧(sui)道輪廓(kuo)(kuo)線(xian)(xian)上。否(fou)則(ze)成型效果不僅(jin)不好,反而更差(cha)。(5)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)炮(pao)眼堵(du)塞質量。(6)放炮(pao)員(yuan)應提(ti)前按(an)規(gui)定裝好聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)的炸藥,并(bing)做好準備工(gong)作。試用范(fan)圍(wei)(wei):一級至五級圍(wei)(wei)巖(yan)的光面爆破(po)工(gong)程(cheng)。

給大家(jia)介紹下(xia)爆(bao)破聚能(neng)管(guan)的(de)技術原(yuan)理∶炸(zha)藥(yao)爆(bao)炸(zha)產(chan)生的(de)爆(bao)轟波(bo)通過聚能(neng)管(guan)的(de)聚能(neng)槽，將炸(zha)藥(yao)的(de)動能(neng)、勢能(neng)轉(zhuan)換成(cheng)高壓(ya)(ya)、高速、高能(neng)的(de)射流(liu)，切割演示(shi)成(cheng)縫(feng)。射流(liu)在(zai)孔壁產(chan)生射流(liu)壓(ya)(ya)力達7000MPa，巖石(shi)動載抗(kang)壓(ya)(ya)強度(du)為(wei)(wei)200MPa，抗(kang)拉為(wei)(wei)1/8～1/10的(de)抗(kang)壓(ya)(ya)強度(du)，相鄰(lin)兩炮(pao)孔互為(wei)(wei)鄰(lin)空面，疊加(jia)后的(de)壓(ya)(ya)縮波(bo)變為(wei)(wei)稀(xi)疏波(bo)，在(zai)兩炮(pao)眼連(lian)線(xian)(xian)上使巖石(shi)結構斷裂(lie)(lie)，形成(cheng)裂(lie)(lie)紋。準靜(jing)態氣(qi)體膨脹，靜(jing)態壓(ya)(ya)力在(zai)兩炮(pao)孔最短連(lian)線(xian)(xian)兩側產(chan)生拉力使巖石(shi)裂(lie)(lie)縫(feng)進一步擴展(zhan)。根據(ju)爆(bao)破應力集(ji)中氣(qi)刃作用原(yuan)則，爆(bao)破氣(qi)體沿裂(lie)(lie)縫(feng)進一步擴大貫(guan)通，拋落巖石(shi)。

在工程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)中(zhong)，常用的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)火索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)使(shi)雷(lei)管(guan)(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸，進(jin)而起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)(fa)。它(ta)所(suo)需(xu)的(de)器材有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管(guan)(guan)、導(dao)線和(he)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的(de)連接形(xing)式(shi)，要根據(ju)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)方法(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)規模、工程的(de)重要性、所(suo)選起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及(ji)其起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能(neng)(neng)力等進(jin)行選擇，基本連接方式(shi)有(you)(you)：串聯、并(bing)聯、串并(bing)聯和(he)并(bing)串聯等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)具有(you)(you)較安全、可靠、準確、高(gao)效(xiao)等優點，在國內(nei)外(wai)仍(reng)占有(you)(you)較大比重。在大、中(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)中(zhong)，主要仍(reng)是(shi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特(te)別是(shi)在有(you)(you)瓦斯、礦(kuang)塵(chen)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的(de)環(huan)境中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)主要的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受各種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號的(de)干擾(rao)而發(fa)生(sheng)早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在有(you)(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高(gao)壓感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)環(huan)境中(zhong)，不能(neng)(neng)使(shi)用普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管(guan)(guan)。