是將炸藥(yao)裝(zhuang)在聚能管內，兩頭均放置(zhi)了水袋，聚能管爆(bao)炸產(chan)生的高溫高壓(ya)射(she)流，讓水袋產(chan)生“水楔”效應,使圍巖(yan)裂(lie)縫(feng)加(jia)劇延伸擴展。它是在水壓(ya)光面爆(bao)破(po)基礎上(shang)發展起來的一項新技術(shu)，區別只是在周邊(bian)眼中(zhong)安(an)裝(zhuang)專用(yong)線性(xing)聚能藥(yao)管替(ti)代常規(gui)爆(bao)破(po)藥(yao)卷和傳(chuan)爆(bao)線，只要做到(dao)(dao)七大關鍵環節(jie)：水袋挺拔(ba)飽(bao)滿、炮泥軟硬(ying)適中(zhong)、水袋裝(zhuang)填到(dao)(dao)底、炮泥回(hui)填到(dao)(dao)口(kou)、木棍逐節(jie)搗固、水藥(yao)緊(jin)密相(xiang)連(lian)、槽面必須平行，就(jiu)能對控制超欠挖起到(dao)(dao)良好(hao)效果。在推廣水壓(ya)爆(bao)破(po)的基礎上(shang)，去年9月，水壓(ya)聚能爆(bao)破(po)的成(cheng)果上(shang)，今年更為深入(ru)地在興泉鐵路(lu)大嶺隧道、牡佳鐵路(lu)麻山隧道采(cai)用(yong)了此項技術(shu)，積累了成(cheng)功經(jing)驗。

聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)包(bao)由炸(zha)、形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)、隔板(ban)、殼體(ti)、引信(xin)和(he)(he)(he)支架等(deng)(deng)(deng)部分組成(cheng)，其作用(yong)及對(dui)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)包(bao)威力(li)的(de)(de)影(ying)響分述如下。1．炸(zha)，炸(zha)是聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管爆(bao)破的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源，炸(zha)的(de)(de)爆(bao)壓越大，聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)彈威力(li)越大；為(wei)得到高(gao)(gao)爆(bao)壓，需高(gao)(gao)爆(bao)速、高(gao)(gao)密度的(de)(de)炸(zha)。常用(yong)炸(zha)有(you)梯恩梯、8321炸(zha)等(deng)(deng)(deng)，裝(zhuang)方法有(you)熔鑄，塑裝(zhuang)和(he)(he)(he)壓裝(zhuang)多種(zhong)。2．型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)作用(yong)是把炸(zha)的(de)(de)爆(bao)炸(zha)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉化成(cheng)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)體(ti)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)射流(liu)動能(neng)(neng)(neng)，從而提高(gao)(gao)其穿透和(he)(he)(he)切割能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)。型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)必須(xu)滿(man)足四點要求，即可壓縮性(xing)(xing)(xing)小、密度高(gao)(gao)、塑性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)延展性(xing)(xing)(xing)好，在形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)射流(liu)中(zhong)不(bu)汽化。大量試驗證明，用(yong)紫銅(tong)制(zhi)作型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)效果好，其次為(wei)鑄鐵、鋼和(he)(he)(he)陶瓷。型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀多種(zhong)多樣(yang)，主要有(you)軸對(dui)稱型(xing)，如圓錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、半球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、拋物線形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)喇叭形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)(deng)(deng)；面對(dui)稱型(xing)，常見的(de)(de)有(you)用(yong)于(yu)切割屬板(ban)材(cai)的(de)(de)直線形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)用(yong)于(yu)切割管材(cai)的(de)(de)環形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)兩種(zhong)；中(zhong)心對(dui)稱型(xing)，這種(zhong)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)包(bao)，中(zhong)心有(you)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)空腔和(he)(he)(he)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)外敷設炸(zha)，若能(neng)(neng)(neng)在瞬間(jian)同時起爆(bao)，可在空腔中(zhong)心點獲得極大的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量集中(zhong)。在工程(cheng)中(zhong)常用(yong)的(de)(de)是軸對(dui)稱型(xing)和(he)(he)(he)面對(dui)稱型(xing)兩類型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)。

各種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)器材銷毀以(yi)及(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)器材意(yi)外(wai)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸時(shi)(shi)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)源與人員和其他(ta)保護(hu)對象(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)稱為(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)應(ying)取各種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)效應(ying)（地(di)(di)震(zhen)、沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)波(bo)、飛(fei)石、有(you)(you)毒氣(qi)體等）分(fen)別核定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)大值。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)時(shi)(shi)，必(bi)然(ran)產(chan)生爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)地(di)(di)震(zhen)、空氣(qi)沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)波(bo)、碎(sui)石飛(fei)散及(ji)有(you)(you)害氣(qi)體，因此，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)設計時(shi)(shi)必(bi)須確定(ding)(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)危(wei)害范圍(wei)，并確定(ding)(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)點(dian)到附近(jin)人員、設備、建(jian)筑物(wu)及(ji)井(jing)巷等的(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)，這一段距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)就(jiu)稱為(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)。如(ru)何控制(zhi)好這段距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)就(jiu)顯(xian)的(de)(de)尤(you)為(wei)重要。為(wei)保證爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)地(di)(di)點(dian)與人員或其他(ta)應(ying)保護(hu)對象(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)間必(bi)須保持短的(de)(de)相隔長度(du)(du)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)有(you)(you)害效應(ying)隨距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)增加有(you)(you)規(gui)律地(di)(di)衰減，用(yong)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)作為(wei)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)尺度(du)(du)可(ke)限定(ding)(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)有(you)(you)害效應(ying)在允許限度(du)(du)之(zhi)(zhi)內。中國《爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)規(gui)程》規(gui)定(ding)(ding)了(le)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)地(di)(di)震(zhen)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)，個別飛(fei)散物(wu)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)，以(yi)及(ji)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)波(bo)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)。

在工程爆破中，礦用型聚能管價格常用的起爆方法有：電力起爆法、導火索起爆法、導爆索起爆法、導爆管起爆法。電力起爆法是利用電能使雷管爆炸，進而起爆炸藥的起爆芳法。它所需的器材有：電雷管、導線和起爆電源。電爆網路的連接形式，要根據爆破方法、爆破規模、工程的重要性、所選起爆電源及其起爆能力等進行選擇，浙江礦用型聚能管基(ji)本連接方式(shi)有(you)：串(chuan)聯(lian)、并聯(lian)、串(chuan)并聯(lian)和并串(chuan)聯(lian)等。電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)爆法具有(you)較(jiao)安(an)全、可靠、準確、高效等優點(dian)，在(zai)國內外仍占有(you)較(jiao)大比重。在(zai)大、中(zhong)型爆破中(zhong)，主要仍是用電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)爆。特別是在(zai)有(you)瓦(wa)斯、礦(kuang)塵爆炸的環境中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)爆是主要的起(qi)(qi)爆方法。但(dan)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)爆容易受(shou)各種電(dian)(dian)信(xin)號的干擾而發生早爆，因此(ci)在(zai)有(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)、雷電(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)、高壓感(gan)應電(dian)(dian)的環境中(zhong)，不(bu)能使用普通電(dian)(dian)雷管(guan)。

的(de)(de)軍事應用(yong)(yong)：聚能爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術，早在(zai)二次世(shi)界大戰(zhan)期間就(jiu)在(zai)軍事方面(mian)廣泛應用(yong)(yong)。國內在(zai)聚能破(po)(po)甲技術如(ru)大錐角反艦導(dao)彈戰(zhan)斗部和(he)大錐角反坦克(ke)地(di)雷以及敏感彈戰(zhan)斗部等方面(mian)取得了(le)(le)較為快(kuai)速的(de)(de)發(fa)展，我國20世(shi)紀(ji)60年代(dai)打破(po)(po)國外(wai)技術封(feng)鎖獨立自(zi)主(zhu)研(yan)(yan)發(fa)成功原子彈就(jiu)是得力于聚能爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術轟擊核裝置而引(yin)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)原子彈。的(de)(de)民(min)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)應用(yong)(yong)——切(qie)槽(cao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術：聚能爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)用(yong)(yong)于工程建設(she)也是20世(shi)紀(ji)60年代(dai)開始的(de)(de)，首(shou)先是瑞典的(de)(de)U﹒Langefors提出(chu)孔壁切(qie)槽(cao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)利用(yong)(yong)槽(cao)口應力集中定向開裂的(de)(de)設(she)想(xiang)，后經W﹒L﹒Fourney驗證是有效(xiao)的(de)(de)。70年代(dai)國外(wai)廣泛研(yan)(yan)究和(he)應用(yong)(yong)了(le)(le)切(qie)槽(cao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術。