水壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)較水壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，在周(zhou)邊(bian)眼(yan)單(dan)循(xun)環(huan)(huan)火工品(pin)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)量上節(jie)(jie)約(yue)(yue)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)8.3%，周(zhou)邊(bian)眼(yan)鉆孔數量從39個下降(jiang)為23個費(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)節(jie)(jie)約(yue)(yue)41%，混凝土(tu)噴射每(mei)延米節(jie)(jie)約(yue)(yue)1.37立方米。水壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)比(bi)水壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)每(mei)循(xun)環(huan)(huan)節(jie)(jie)約(yue)(yue)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)258.4元(yuan)(yuan)，即每(mei)延米節(jie)(jie)約(yue)(yue)76較元(yuan)(yuan)，節(jie)(jie)約(yue)(yue)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)比(bi)例達(da)32%。此外，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管水壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)能(neng)(neng)有(you)效(xiao)降(jiang)低隧道(dao)內石渣塊度和(he)粉塵(chen)含(han)量，還可使通(tong)風時(shi)(shi)間有(you)效(xiao)縮短(duan)33%。聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)工藝技(ji)術(shu)很成熟、可操作(zuo)性很強、材料成本很低、施工速度很快、節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)環(huan)(huan)保效(xiao)果很顯著、經濟效(xiao)益社(she)會(hui)效(xiao)益很高。聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管定(ding)向爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)是近(jin)幾年發(fa)展(zhan)起來的(de)(de)一項掘(jue)進(jin)新技(ji)術(shu),這種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)與傳統的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)有(you)一定(ding)的(de)(de)差別,聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管定(ding)向爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)原理(li)是在巷道(dao)周(zhou)邊(bian)眼(yan)中,將炸裝(zhuang)在聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管中起爆(bao)(bao)(bao),爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)時(shi)(shi)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管的(de)(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong),以減少裂(lie)隙的(de)(de)數量和(he)控(kong)制優勢裂(lie)隙的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)方向。

專業c型聚能管光面爆破技術優勢：相對于傳統爆破工藝，聚能管光面爆破比常規爆破具有以下優勢∶少打眼，少裝藥。節約周邊鉆孔量50%，總鉆孔進尺減少30%；節約炸藥10～20%，雷管30%。節約噴漿料15-20%。節省時間∶每循環鉆孔、裝藥、噴漿時間1.5-2.0小時。c型聚能管價格在安全(quan)方(fang)面利用水沙袋替代炮泥(ni)，以避(bi)免搗(dao)炮泥(ni)損毀電雷管(guan)導線，造成(cheng)瞎炮。大(da)(da)大(da)(da)減少對圍巖擾動，光面效果好(hao)，巖性條件差情況下(xia)可以大(da)(da)大(da)(da)減少超挖量，控制巷道(dao)成(cheng)型；巖性完整無(wu)節理情況下(xia)眼(yan)痕率可以達到90%以上，巷道(dao)成(cheng)型好(hao)，穩定(ding)性強。布孔方(fang)式優化成(cheng)多(duo)排掏槽布孔，單次掘進深度(du)可以優化提(ti)高10%到15%不等。由(you)于炮孔數(shu)量大(da)(da)大(da)(da)減少可以考慮一起全(quan)斷面起爆，節省放炮時間(jian)。

我國于1983年(nian)制(zhi)定了(le)(le)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建筑(zhu)(zhu)物巖行基礎開(kai)(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)范》(sD 121l一1983)。自此，在(zai)水(shui)利水(shui)電(dian)建設中預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)與光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)已(yi)成為(wei)(wei)必(bi)須進(jin)(jin)(jin)行的(de)保護(hu)邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)質量(liang)的(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)開(kai)(kai)挖技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)。此后(hou)在(zai)此基礎上修訂的(de)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建筑(zhu)(zhu)物巖石基礎開(kai)(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)范》(SL 47一1994)以及(ji)在(zai)《水(shui)電(dian)水(shui)利爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)范》(DL／T 5135—2001)和(he)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建筑(zhu)(zhu)物巖石基礎開(kai)(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)范》(DL／T 5389～2007)中預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)與光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)均(jun)被編入并有所改(gai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)，DL／T 5135—2001正在(zai)修編為(wei)(wei)DL／T 5135—2012。鐵(tie)道部也不(bu)僅規(gui)定了(le)(le)凡是Ⅲ級以上的(de)巖石邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)，設計邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)坡(po)(po)度為(wei)(wei)1：0．1～1：0．75，在(zai)邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)部位(wei)的(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)設計和(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都應采用光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)或(huo)預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)，并闡述了(le)(le)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)設計的(de)原則和(he)參數(shu)、安全(quan)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)，而且還(huan)明(ming)確(que)了(le)(le)路(lu)塹邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)(po)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)項目質量(liang)驗(yan)收檢測數(shu)量(liang)和(he)檢測方法。無疑該規(gui)程的(de)實施(shi)(shi)(shi)，有力地推動(dong)和(he)促(cu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)了(le)(le)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)鐵(tie)路(lu)建設中的(de)應用與發展。

在工(gong)程(cheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中，常用(yong)的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)有(you)(you)(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)火索起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)利(li)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)能使雷(lei)管(guan)(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)，進而起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)藥(yao)的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)(fa)。它(ta)所(suo)需的(de)(de)器(qi)材有(you)(you)(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管(guan)(guan)、導(dao)線(xian)和(he)(he)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網(wang)路的(de)(de)連(lian)接形式(shi)，要根(gen)據(ju)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方法(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)規模、工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)重要性(xing)、所(suo)選(xuan)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)源及(ji)其起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能力(li)等(deng)進行選(xuan)擇，基(ji)本連(lian)接方式(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)：串聯、并(bing)(bing)聯、串并(bing)(bing)聯和(he)(he)并(bing)(bing)串聯等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)較安全、可靠(kao)、準確、高效等(deng)優點(dian)，在國內外仍(reng)占有(you)(you)(you)(you)較大比重。在大、中型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中，主要仍(reng)是(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是(shi)在有(you)(you)(you)(you)瓦斯、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)環境(jing)中，電(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)主要的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受各(ge)種電(dian)(dian)信號的(de)(de)干(gan)擾(rao)而發生(sheng)早(zao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在有(you)(you)(you)(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)、高壓感應(ying)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)環境(jing)中，不(bu)能使用(yong)普通電(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管(guan)(guan)。

發(fa)揮巨大效力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵又在(zai)其上(shang)(shang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)”上(shang)(shang)。項(xiang)目(mu)部目(mu)前采用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)有兩個(ge)“聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)”，通過這兩個(ge)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用讓爆炸(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)威(wei)力在(zai)隧道中切(qie)割出(chu)(chu)十(shi)分平順的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輪(lun)廓線，的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制了(le)(le)爆破量，有效管(guan)控了(le)(le)超挖欠挖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現象。為(wei)了(le)(le)進一步嚴(yan)格控制開(kai)挖輪(lun)廓，達到(dao)提高(gao)光(guang)面爆破效果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，并研究出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)上(shang)(shang)兩個(ge)“聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)”變(bian)為(wei)三個(ge)“聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)明(ming)(ming)設(she)(she)計，目(mu)前，該發(fa)明(ming)(ming)設(she)(she)計已(yi)經(jing)進入到(dao)了(le)(le)試生產階(jie)段。未來(lai)，三“聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)”設(she)(she)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)水壓爆破技(ji)術(shu)將(jiang)推(tui)動中鐵(tie)(tie)十(shi)四(si)局四(si)公司張吉(ji)懷鐵(tie)(tie)路項(xiang)目(mu)部施工(gong)開(kai)展邁上(shang)(shang)一個(ge)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臺階(jie)，給項(xiang)目(mu)部帶來(lai)巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟效益。工(gong)程爆破技(ji)術(shu)經(jing)過幾十(shi)年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展，已(yi)經(jing)滲透到(dao)經(jing)濟建(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)眾多領域(yu)，特(te)別為(wei)中國的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)路建(jian)設(she)(she)、礦山開(kai)采、城市拆舊定向爆破等做(zuo)出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)重要貢(gong)獻。

各種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)器(qi)材銷毀(hui)以(yi)及爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)器(qi)材意(yi)外爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)時，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)源與人(ren)員和其(qi)他保護對象(xiang)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)稱(cheng)為(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)應取各種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)效應（地震(zhen)、沖(chong)擊(ji)波、飛石、有(you)毒氣體等）分(fen)別核定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)值。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)時，必然(ran)產生爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)地震(zhen)、空(kong)氣沖(chong)擊(ji)波、碎石飛散及有(you)害氣體，因(yin)此，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)設計時必須確(que)定(ding)(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)危害范圍，并確(que)定(ding)(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)點(dian)到附近人(ren)員、設備、建筑物(wu)及井(jing)巷等的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)，這一段距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)就稱(cheng)為(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。如何(he)控制好這段距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)就顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)尤為(wei)重要。為(wei)保證爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)地點(dian)與人(ren)員或其(qi)他應保護對象(xiang)之(zhi)間必須保持短的(de)(de)(de)相隔長度。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)有(you)害效應隨距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)增加有(you)規律地衰減，用距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)作為(wei)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)尺度可限(xian)定(ding)(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)有(you)害效應在允許限(xian)度之(zhi)內。中國《爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)規程》規定(ding)(ding)了爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)地震(zhen)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，個別飛散物(wu)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，以(yi)及爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)沖(chong)擊(ji)波的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。