聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)碎(sui)法特點是:不需要(yao)打眼(yan)，因(yin)而(er)不需要(yao)購(gou)買打眼(yan)設備(bei)和(he)動力設備(bei);施工(gong)(gong)簡單，施工(gong)(gong)進(jin)度(du)比淺眼(yan)爆破(po)法快安(an)全性(xing)比普(pu)(pu)通淺眼(yan)爆破(po)法和(he)普(pu)(pu)通裸露藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法好(hao);勞動強度(du)比淺眼(yan)爆破(po)法低(di)。制(zhi)造(zao)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)所采用的(de)(de)(de)(de)炸藥(yao)(yao)(yao)有:黑索金(jin)和(he)梯恩(en)梯混合(he)熔鑄型(xing);乳化油(you)炸藥(yao)(yao)(yao)和(he)黑索金(jin)混裝(zhuang)型(xing)和(he)二(er)號巖石硝鉸炸藥(yao)(yao)(yao)壓(ya)制(zhi)型(xing)。根據使用的(de)(de)(de)(de)結果證(zheng)明，選用密度(du)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大(da)和(he)爆速較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)炸藥(yao)(yao)(yao)制(zhi)造(zao)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)獲得較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)破(po)碎(sui)效(xiao)果。這(zhe)主要(yao)是由于它加工(gong)(gong)簡單和(he)破(po)碎(sui)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大(da)。在礦山由于二(er)次破(po)碎(sui)消(xiao)耗的(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)，而(er)且金(jin)屬藥(yao)(yao)(yao)型(xing)罩(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)費(fei)工(gong)(gong)又(you)費(fei)材料，所以多(duo)不采用藥(yao)(yao)(yao)型(xing)罩(zhao)。國內生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)一種用于破(po)碎(sui)大(da)塊的(de)(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，裝(zhuang)置聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)時，要(yao)將藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)垂直裝(zhuang)在大(da)塊的(de)(de)(de)(de)頂面上(shang)，聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)穴(xue)朝下(xia)。藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)位(wei)置應選在頂面的(de)(de)(de)(de)幾何(he)中心(xin)或附近較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)平整的(de)(de)(de)(de)地點。然后(hou)在上(shang)面覆(fu)蓋泥沙(sha)。

是(shi)由管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)、前錐形定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)、后定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵構成(cheng)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)為塑性(xing)材料制(zhi)成(cheng)，呈管(guan)(guan)(guan)狀，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)小于(yu)(yu)正常炮眼內徑(jing)，長(chang)度可隨爆破(po)需(xu)要生產(chan)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)兩(liang)端(duan)(duan)各有(you)(you)外(wai)(wai)(wai)螺(luo)(luo)紋，兩(liang)端(duan)(duan)外(wai)(wai)(wai)螺(luo)(luo)紋間(jian)有(you)(you)一(yi)縱向切(qie)縫，切(qie)縫間(jian)等距有(you)(you)加強筋，前錐形定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)呈傘狀，傘形尖有(you)(you)一(yi)光孔，兩(liang)側直壁內徑(jing)有(you)(you)螺(luo)(luo)紋，與管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)前端(duan)(duan)螺(luo)(luo)紋配合(he)，帽(mao)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)大(da)于(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)，后定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵為一(yi)封(feng)蓋，外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)直徑(jing)大(da)于(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)，與前錐形定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)一(yi)致，后定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵內徑(jing)有(you)(you)螺(luo)(luo)紋，與管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)后端(duan)(duan)螺(luo)(luo)紋配合(he)。可根據(ju)炮眼深度采用合(he)適的聚能(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)，不(bu)需(xu)其他工具幫助(zhu)送入炮眼，切(qie)縫方向準確(que)，兩(liang)端(duan)(duan)的前錐形定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)和后定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)與炮眼內徑(jing)一(yi)致，保證(zheng)聚能(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)同心，定(ding)(ding)向準確(que)。且利于(yu)(yu)工業(ye)化生產(chan)，作(zuo)業(ye)安全(quan)

水(shui)壓光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)較水(shui)壓光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)，在周邊(bian)眼單循(xun)環(huan)火工品使(shi)用(yong)量(liang)上(shang)節(jie)約(yue)(yue)費用(yong)8.3%，周邊(bian)眼鉆(zhan)孔(kong)數量(liang)從39個下降為(wei)23個費用(yong)節(jie)約(yue)(yue)41%，混凝土(tu)噴射每(mei)延(yan)米(mi)節(jie)約(yue)(yue)1.37立方米(mi)。水(shui)壓光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)比水(shui)壓光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)每(mei)循(xun)環(huan)節(jie)約(yue)(yue)費用(yong)258.4元，即每(mei)延(yan)米(mi)節(jie)約(yue)(yue)76較元，節(jie)約(yue)(yue)費用(yong)比例達32%。此外(wai)，聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管水(shui)壓光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)有效(xiao)降低隧道內(nei)石渣塊度和(he)粉塵含量(liang)，還可使(shi)通風時間有效(xiao)縮短33%。聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)工藝技(ji)術很(hen)(hen)成(cheng)熟、可操作性很(hen)(hen)強、材料成(cheng)本很(hen)(hen)低、施(shi)工速度很(hen)(hen)快、節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)環(huan)保效(xiao)果很(hen)(hen)顯(xian)著(zhu)、經濟效(xiao)益社(she)會(hui)效(xiao)益很(hen)(hen)高(gao)。聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管定(ding)向爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術是(shi)近幾年發展起來的(de)(de)一項掘(jue)進新技(ji)術,這種爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術與(yu)傳統的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術有一定(ding)的(de)(de)差(cha)別,聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管定(ding)向爆(bao)(bao)破(po)原理是(shi)在巷道周邊(bian)眼中,將炸裝在聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管中起爆(bao)(bao),爆(bao)(bao)破(po)時利用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管的(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)作用(yong),以(yi)減少裂(lie)隙(xi)的(de)(de)數量(liang)和(he)控制優(you)勢裂(lie)隙(xi)的(de)(de)發展方向。

聚(ju)能(neng)包由炸(zha)、形(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)、隔(ge)板、殼(ke)體(ti)、引信和(he)支架等部分組(zu)成(cheng)，其作用(yong)(yong)及(ji)對(dui)(dui)(dui)聚(ju)能(neng)包威(wei)力的(de)(de)影響(xiang)分述如(ru)下。1．炸(zha)，炸(zha)是(shi)聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)爆破的(de)(de)能(neng)源，炸(zha)的(de)(de)爆壓(ya)(ya)越(yue)大，聚(ju)能(neng)彈威(wei)力越(yue)大；為(wei)得到高爆壓(ya)(ya)，需(xu)高爆速、高密度的(de)(de)炸(zha)。常用(yong)(yong)炸(zha)有(you)梯恩梯、8321炸(zha)等，裝(zhuang)方(fang)法(fa)有(you)熔鑄，塑裝(zhuang)和(he)壓(ya)(ya)裝(zhuang)多(duo)種。2．型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)，型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)是(shi)把炸(zha)的(de)(de)爆炸(zha)能(neng)轉化成(cheng)罩(zhao)(zhao)體(ti)材(cai)料的(de)(de)射(she)流(liu)動能(neng)，從而提高其穿透和(he)切(qie)割能(neng)力。型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)材(cai)料必須滿足四點(dian)要求，即(ji)可壓(ya)(ya)縮性小、密度高、塑性和(he)延(yan)展性好(hao)(hao)，在(zai)(zai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)射(she)流(liu)中(zhong)不汽化。大量(liang)試(shi)驗證明，用(yong)(yong)紫(zi)銅制(zhi)作型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)效(xiao)果好(hao)(hao)，其次(ci)為(wei)鑄鐵、鋼和(he)陶(tao)瓷。型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀多(duo)種多(duo)樣，主要有(you)軸(zhou)對(dui)(dui)(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)，如(ru)圓錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)、半球形(xing)(xing)(xing)、拋物線形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)喇叭形(xing)(xing)(xing)等；面(mian)對(dui)(dui)(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)，常見的(de)(de)有(you)用(yong)(yong)于切(qie)割屬板材(cai)的(de)(de)直線形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)用(yong)(yong)于切(qie)割管(guan)材(cai)的(de)(de)環形(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)罩(zhao)(zhao)兩種；中(zhong)心(xin)對(dui)(dui)(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)，這種球形(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)包，中(zhong)心(xin)有(you)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)空腔和(he)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)，球形(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)外敷設炸(zha)，若(ruo)能(neng)在(zai)(zai)瞬間(jian)同時起(qi)爆，可在(zai)(zai)空腔中(zhong)心(xin)點(dian)獲得極(ji)大的(de)(de)能(neng)量(liang)集中(zhong)。在(zai)(zai)工程(cheng)中(zhong)常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)是(shi)軸(zhou)對(dui)(dui)(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)和(he)面(mian)對(dui)(dui)(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)兩類型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)。

我國于1983年制定了《水工建筑物巖行基礎開挖工程施工技術規范》(sD 121l一1983)。自此，爆破聚能管價格在水利水電建設中預裂爆破與光面爆破已成為必須進行的保護邊坡質量的爆破開挖技術措施。此后在此基礎上修訂的《水工建筑物巖石基礎開挖工程施工技術規范》(SL 47一1994)以及在《水電水利爆破工程施工技術規范》(DL／T 5135—2001)和《水工建筑物巖石基礎開挖工程施工技術規范》(DL／T 5389～2007)中預裂爆破與光面爆破均被編入并有所改進，DL／T 5135—2001正在修編為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道部也不僅規定了凡是Ⅲ級以上的巖石邊坡，設計邊坡坡度為1：0．1～1：0．75，專業爆破聚能管在邊(bian)坡部位(wei)的(de)(de)爆(bao)破(po)(po)設(she)(she)計(ji)和(he)施(shi)工(gong)都(dou)應(ying)采用光面爆(bao)破(po)(po)或預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)破(po)(po)，并闡述了光面(預(yu)裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)破(po)(po)施(shi)工(gong)技術設(she)(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)原(yuan)則和(he)參數、安全(quan)措施(shi)，而且(qie)還明確了路塹邊(bian)坡光面(預(yu)裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)破(po)(po)項目質(zhi)量(liang)驗收檢測數量(liang)和(he)檢測方(fang)法。無疑該規程的(de)(de)實施(shi)，有力地推動(dong)和(he)促進(jin)了光面(預(yu)裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)破(po)(po)技術在鐵(tie)路建(jian)設(she)(she)中的(de)(de)應(ying)用與發展。