在工(gong)程(cheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)中(zhong)，常(chang)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法、導(dao)火索起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法是(shi)利用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)使雷(lei)(lei)管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸，進(jin)而起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法。它所(suo)需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)器材有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)(lei)管(guan)、導(dao)線和(he)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)接形(xing)式(shi)(shi)，要(yao)(yao)根(gen)據(ju)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)方法、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)規模、工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)性、所(suo)選(xuan)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及其(qi)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能(neng)力等進(jin)行選(xuan)擇，基本連(lian)接方式(shi)(shi)有(you)：串(chuan)聯、并聯、串(chuan)并聯和(he)并串(chuan)聯等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法具有(you)較安全(quan)、可靠、準確(que)、高(gao)(gao)效等優點，在國內(nei)外(wai)仍占(zhan)有(you)較大比重(zhong)。在大、中(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)中(zhong)，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)仍是(shi)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別(bie)是(shi)在有(you)瓦斯(si)、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法。但(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)信號的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)干擾而發生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在有(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)、高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)中(zhong)，不能(neng)使用(yong)(yong)普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)(lei)管(guan)。

我國于1983年制定了《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物巖行(xing)基礎(chu)開(kai)(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規范(fan)》(sD 121l一1983)。自此，在水(shui)(shui)利(li)水(shui)(shui)電建(jian)設中預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)與(yu)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)已成為(wei)必須進行(xing)的(de)保護(hu)邊坡質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)開(kai)(kai)挖技(ji)術(shu)措(cuo)施(shi)。此后(hou)在此基礎(chu)上修(xiu)訂(ding)的(de)《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物巖石基礎(chu)開(kai)(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規范(fan)》(SL 47一1994)以及在《水(shui)(shui)電水(shui)(shui)利(li)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規范(fan)》(DL／T 5135—2001)和《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物巖石基礎(chu)開(kai)(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規范(fan)》(DL／T 5389～2007)中預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)與(yu)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)均被編(bian)入并(bing)(bing)有(you)所(suo)改進，DL／T 5135—2001正在修(xiu)編(bian)為(wei)DL／T 5135—2012。鐵(tie)道部也不僅規定了凡是Ⅲ級以上的(de)巖石邊坡，設計(ji)邊坡坡度(du)為(wei)1：0．1～1：0．75，在邊坡部位的(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)設計(ji)和施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都應(ying)采用光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)或預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，并(bing)(bing)闡(chan)述了光(guang)面(預(yu)裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)設計(ji)的(de)原則(ze)和參數、安全措(cuo)施(shi)，而且還明確了路塹邊坡光(guang)面(預(yu)裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)項目(mu)質(zhi)量(liang)驗收(shou)檢測(ce)數量(liang)和檢測(ce)方法(fa)。無疑該規程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)實施(shi)，有(you)力地推動和促進了光(guang)面(預(yu)裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)在鐵(tie)路建(jian)設中的(de)應(ying)用與(yu)發展。

1、先試探性的咨詢制造商銷售人員：您要訂爆破線產品的型號中字母表示意思；規格中的數字表示意思；執行標準中的字母及數字的表示意思。如果制造商銷售人員回答時支支吾吾、一知半解甚至一無所知，可想而知，其生產的產品質量如何。2、深孔爆破多向聚能管價格任何一種產品都有其適用范圍和一定的使用環境。咨詢您要訂爆破線產品的性能、具體使用辦法、使用環境要求。如果制造商銷售人員給您的答復與您的要求不一致，舟山深孔爆破多向聚能管應(ying)判定為：爆(bao)破線(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)商(shang)生產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)型號規格(ge)單一(yi)或者其生產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)只(zhi)是(shi)對(dui)其他(ta)廠商(shang)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)簡(jian)單模仿(fang)。3、正規產(chan)(chan)品(pin)都(dou)有其科(ke)學的(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)工藝和流程。原材料合格(ge)供應(ying)商(shang)的(de)(de)選(xuan)擇評定→原材料購進、運輸、儲存、保管→生產(chan)(chan)過(guo)程質量控制(zhi)(zhi)→不合格(ge)品(pin)的(de)(de)處置及糾正措施→運輸交付→售(shou)后服務均有嚴格(ge)的(de)(de)操(cao)作規程。咨詢(xun)爆(bao)破線(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)商(shang)銷售(shou)人員任何一(yi)個節點，就可知其是(shi)否(fou)有能力（生產(chan)(chan)管理水平、專業設備及過(guo)程檢(jian)測(ce)設備）生產(chan)(chan)出合格(ge)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)。

發(fa)(fa)揮巨大效(xiao)(xiao)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)關鍵又(you)在其上面(mian)的(de)(de)“聚(ju)能(neng)槽(cao)”上。項目(mu)部(bu)目(mu)前(qian)采(cai)用(yong)的(de)(de)聚(ju)能(neng)管有兩(liang)(liang)個“聚(ju)能(neng)槽(cao)”，通過這兩(liang)(liang)個聚(ju)能(neng)槽(cao)的(de)(de)作用(yong)讓爆(bao)炸(zha)的(de)(de)威力(li)(li)在隧道中(zhong)切割出十分平順的(de)(de)輪(lun)廓(kuo)線，的(de)(de)控制了爆(bao)破量，有效(xiao)(xiao)管控了超挖(wa)(wa)欠挖(wa)(wa)的(de)(de)現象。為了進(jin)一步嚴格控制開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)(wa)輪(lun)廓(kuo)，達到(dao)提高光面(mian)爆(bao)破效(xiao)(xiao)果的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)，并研究出了聚(ju)能(neng)管上兩(liang)(liang)個“聚(ju)能(neng)槽(cao)”變為三個“聚(ju)能(neng)槽(cao)”的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)明(ming)設(she)計，目(mu)前(qian)，該發(fa)(fa)明(ming)設(she)計已(yi)經(jing)進(jin)入到(dao)了試(shi)生(sheng)產階(jie)段(duan)。未來，三“聚(ju)能(neng)槽(cao)”設(she)計的(de)(de)聚(ju)能(neng)水(shui)壓爆(bao)破技術將推(tui)動中(zhong)鐵十四局(ju)四公司張吉懷鐵路項目(mu)部(bu)施工開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)邁上一個新的(de)(de)臺階(jie)，給項目(mu)部(bu)帶來巨大的(de)(de)經(jing)濟效(xiao)(xiao)益。工程爆(bao)破技術經(jing)過幾十年的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，已(yi)經(jing)滲透到(dao)經(jing)濟建設(she)的(de)(de)眾多領域(yu)，特別為中(zhong)國的(de)(de)鐵路建設(she)、礦山開(kai)(kai)采(cai)、城(cheng)市拆舊定向爆(bao)破等(deng)做出了重要貢獻。

水(shui)壓光(guang)面爆破(po)技(ji)術，是在(zai)水(shui)壓光(guang)面爆破(po)技(ji)術基礎上發展起來的(de)(de)一項新技(ji)術，其掏槽(cao)眼(yan)、輔助眼(yan)裝(zhuang)藥(yao)結構和(he)(he)爆破(po)方式與(yu)水(shui)壓光(guang)面爆破(po)相同，但在(zai)周邊眼(yan)中(zhong)安裝(zhuang)專(zhuan)用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)裝(zhuang)置替(ti)代常規爆破(po)藥(yao)卷和(he)(he)傳爆線，利用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)粒子射流動能(neng)(neng)、高壓爆破(po)氣體應力及(ji)“氣楔(xie)”作(zuo)用(yong)，形成平整(zheng)圓順的(de)(de)開挖輪廓面，對(dui)(dui)控制超欠挖具有良好效(xiao)果，有效(xiao)提(ti)升了隧道施工質量(liang)(liang)、進度和(he)(he)經濟效(xiao)益。科(ke)學合理地利用(yong)能(neng)(neng)源，提(ti)高能(neng)(neng)源利用(yong)效(xiao)率，對(dui)(dui)節能(neng)(neng)減排也十分重要。利用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)兩端(duan)的(de)(de)水(shui)平開出的(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)射流效(xiao)應對(dui)(dui)巖石進行破(po)碎。據專(zhuan)家測算，由于聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)兩端(duan)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)切割效(xiao)應，其能(neng)(neng)效(xiao)比(bi)提(ti)升一個量(liang)(liang)級(ji)。

預裂(lie)與光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)歷史與現狀(zhuang)：預裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)是(shi)沿設(she)計開挖(wa)(wa)邊(bian)界(jie)布置密集炮孔，采(cai)取不耦合(he)裝藥(yao)或裝填低(di)威力(li)炸藥(yao)，在主爆(bao)(bao)區(qu)之前起爆(bao)(bao)，從而在爆(bao)(bao)區(qu)與保留(liu)(liu)區(qu)之間(jian)形成(cheng)預裂(lie)縫，以(yi)減(jian)弱主爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)對(dui)保留(liu)(liu)巖體的(de)(de)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)壞并形成(cheng)平(ping)整輪廓(kuo)面(mian)的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)作業。光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)是(shi)沿設(she)計開挖(wa)(wa)邊(bian)界(jie)布設(she)密集炮孔，采(cai)用不耦合(he)裝藥(yao)或裝填低(di)威力(li)炸藥(yao)，在主爆(bao)(bao)區(qu)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)之后(hou)起爆(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)以(yi)形成(cheng)平(ping)整的(de)(de)開挖(wa)(wa)輪廓(kuo)面(mian)的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)作業。爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)發展是(shi)先出現光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)，然后(hou)衍生發展為預裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)。聚能管(guan)國內(nei)歷史與現狀(zhuang)，我國于1964～1965年在湖(hu)北陸水水電站施工中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)做過淺孔預裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)，1965年鐵道(dao)部門在成(cheng)昆鐵路(lu)(lu)建設(she)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)開始(shi)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)，1977年在西延(yan)線張家(jia)船工點，全長近200m的(de)(de)2000m2路(lu)(lu)塹邊(bian)坡全部采(cai)用光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)，爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)后(hou)邊(bian)坡平(ping)整穩定(ding)，殘(can)留(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)半孔清晰可見，是(shi)鐵路(lu)(lu)建設(she)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)采(cai)用路(lu)(lu)塹光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)。