我國于1983年制定(ding)了(le)《水工(gong)(gong)(gong)建筑物(wu)巖(yan)行(xing)基(ji)礎(chu)開(kai)(kai)(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(sD 121l一1983)。自(zi)此(ci)，在水利(li)水電建設(she)中(zhong)預(yu)裂爆(bao)破與光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破已成為必(bi)須進(jin)行(xing)的(de)(de)保(bao)護邊(bian)坡(po)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)爆(bao)破開(kai)(kai)(kai)挖技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)措施(shi)(shi)。此(ci)后在此(ci)基(ji)礎(chu)上修(xiu)訂的(de)(de)《水工(gong)(gong)(gong)建筑物(wu)巖(yan)石基(ji)礎(chu)開(kai)(kai)(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(SL 47一1994)以及在《水電水利(li)爆(bao)破工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5135—2001)和(he)《水工(gong)(gong)(gong)建筑物(wu)巖(yan)石基(ji)礎(chu)開(kai)(kai)(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5389～2007)中(zhong)預(yu)裂爆(bao)破與光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破均被編入并(bing)有(you)所改進(jin)，DL／T 5135—2001正在修(xiu)編為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道部(bu)也不(bu)僅(jin)規(gui)定(ding)了(le)凡是(shi)Ⅲ級以上的(de)(de)巖(yan)石邊(bian)坡(po)，設(she)計(ji)邊(bian)坡(po)坡(po)度(du)為1：0．1～1：0．75，在邊(bian)坡(po)部(bu)位(wei)的(de)(de)爆(bao)破設(she)計(ji)和(he)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)都應采(cai)用(yong)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破或預(yu)裂爆(bao)破，并(bing)闡述了(le)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)裂)爆(bao)破施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)設(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)原則和(he)參數(shu)、安全措施(shi)(shi)，而且還(huan)明確了(le)路(lu)塹邊(bian)坡(po)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)裂)爆(bao)破項目質(zhi)量驗收(shou)檢測數(shu)量和(he)檢測方(fang)法。無(wu)疑該規(gui)程的(de)(de)實施(shi)(shi)，有(you)力地推動(dong)和(he)促進(jin)了(le)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)裂)爆(bao)破技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)在鐵路(lu)建設(she)中(zhong)的(de)(de)應用(yong)與發展。

在(zai)工程爆(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)(zhong)，常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)有：電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導火索起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)管起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)使(shi)雷管爆(bao)(bao)炸，進而起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)炸藥的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)(fa)。它所需的(de)(de)(de)器材(cai)有：電(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管、導線(xian)和(he)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)網路的(de)(de)(de)連接形(xing)式(shi)(shi)，要根據爆(bao)(bao)破方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)破規模、工程的(de)(de)(de)重要性、所選起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及(ji)其起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)能(neng)力(li)等(deng)進行(xing)選擇，基本連接方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)有：串(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)、并聯(lian)(lian)、串(chuan)并聯(lian)(lian)和(he)并串(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)具有較安全、可(ke)靠、準(zhun)確、高效(xiao)等(deng)優點，在(zai)國(guo)內外仍(reng)占有較大比重。在(zai)大、中(zhong)(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)(zhong)，主要仍(reng)是(shi)(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)。特別是(shi)(shi)在(zai)有瓦斯、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)炸的(de)(de)(de)環境中(zhong)(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)是(shi)(shi)主要的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)容易受各(ge)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)信號的(de)(de)(de)干擾而發生早爆(bao)(bao)，因此在(zai)有雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)、高壓感(gan)應電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)環境中(zhong)(zhong)，不能(neng)使(shi)用(yong)普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管。

聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)包由炸(zha)、形(xing)罩(zhao)、隔板、殼體(ti)(ti)、引信和(he)(he)支架(jia)等(deng)(deng)部分組成，其(qi)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)及(ji)對聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)包威力的(de)(de)影響分述如(ru)下。1．炸(zha)，炸(zha)是(shi)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)破的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源，炸(zha)的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)壓(ya)(ya)越大(da)，聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)彈(dan)威力越大(da)；為得到(dao)高(gao)爆(bao)(bao)壓(ya)(ya)，需(xu)高(gao)爆(bao)(bao)速(su)、高(gao)密度的(de)(de)炸(zha)。常用(yong)(yong)炸(zha)有(you)(you)梯恩梯、8321炸(zha)等(deng)(deng)，裝方法有(you)(you)熔鑄，塑裝和(he)(he)壓(ya)(ya)裝多種(zhong)。2．型(xing)罩(zhao)，型(xing)罩(zhao)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)是(shi)把(ba)炸(zha)的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)炸(zha)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉化(hua)成罩(zhao)體(ti)(ti)材料(liao)的(de)(de)射(she)流動(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，從而(er)提高(gao)其(qi)穿透和(he)(he)切(qie)割能(neng)(neng)(neng)力。型(xing)罩(zhao)的(de)(de)材料(liao)必(bi)須滿足(zu)四點(dian)要求，即可壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)性(xing)小、密度高(gao)、塑性(xing)和(he)(he)延展性(xing)好，在形(xing)成射(she)流中(zhong)不汽(qi)化(hua)。大(da)量試(shi)驗(yan)證明，用(yong)(yong)紫銅制作(zuo)型(xing)罩(zhao)效果好，其(qi)次為鑄鐵、鋼和(he)(he)陶瓷(ci)。型(xing)罩(zhao)的(de)(de)形(xing)狀多種(zhong)多樣(yang)，主要有(you)(you)軸(zhou)對稱(cheng)型(xing)，如(ru)圓(yuan)錐形(xing)、半球形(xing)、拋物線形(xing)和(he)(he)喇(la)叭形(xing)等(deng)(deng)；面對稱(cheng)型(xing)，常見的(de)(de)有(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)于切(qie)割屬板材的(de)(de)直線形(xing)和(he)(he)用(yong)(yong)于切(qie)割管(guan)材的(de)(de)環(huan)形(xing)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)罩(zhao)兩種(zhong)；中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)對稱(cheng)型(xing)，這種(zhong)球形(xing)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)包，中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)有(you)(you)球形(xing)空腔(qiang)和(he)(he)球形(xing)罩(zhao)，球形(xing)罩(zhao)外敷設(she)炸(zha)，若(ruo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)在瞬間同時起爆(bao)(bao)，可在空腔(qiang)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)點(dian)獲得極大(da)的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量集中(zhong)。在工程中(zhong)常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)是(shi)軸(zhou)對稱(cheng)型(xing)和(he)(he)面對稱(cheng)型(xing)兩類型(xing)罩(zhao)。

水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技術基礎上(shang)(shang)發展起來的(de)一(yi)項新技術，其(qi)掏槽(cao)眼、輔(fu)助眼裝(zhuang)藥結構和(he)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方式與水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)相(xiang)同(tong)，但在周邊眼中安裝(zhuang)專用(yong)(yong)線性聚(ju)能(neng)藥管替代常規爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)藥卷和(he)傳爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)線，利用(yong)(yong)線性聚(ju)能(neng)藥管產(chan)生的(de)粒子(zi)射流動能(neng)、高(gao)壓(ya)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)氣(qi)體(ti)應力及“氣(qi)楔(xie)”作用(yong)(yong)，形成平(ping)整圓順(shun)的(de)開挖輪廓面(mian)，對控制超欠挖具有(you)良好效(xiao)果，有(you)效(xiao)提升了隧道施工(gong)(gong)質量(liang)、進(jin)度和(he)經濟效(xiao)益。水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)較水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)，在周邊眼單循(xun)環火工(gong)(gong)品使用(yong)(yong)量(liang)上(shang)(shang)節(jie)(jie)約(yue)(yue)(yue)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)8.3%，周邊眼鉆孔數量(liang)從39個(ge)下降(jiang)(jiang)為23個(ge)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)節(jie)(jie)約(yue)(yue)(yue)41%，混凝土噴(pen)射每(mei)延(yan)米節(jie)(jie)約(yue)(yue)(yue)1.37立方米。聚(ju)能(neng)水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)比水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)每(mei)循(xun)環節(jie)(jie)約(yue)(yue)(yue)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)258.4元，即每(mei)延(yan)米節(jie)(jie)約(yue)(yue)(yue)76較元，節(jie)(jie)約(yue)(yue)(yue)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)比例達32%。此外，聚(ju)能(neng)水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)能(neng)有(you)效(xiao)降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)隧道內石渣塊度和(he)粉(fen)塵含量(liang)，還可使通風(feng)時(shi)間有(you)效(xiao)縮短33%。

是由管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)、前錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)形定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽、后(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵(du)構成，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)為塑性材料制成，呈(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)小于(yu)正常炮眼內(nei)(nei)徑(jing)，長(chang)度可(ke)隨爆破需(xu)要生產(chan)(chan)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)兩(liang)(liang)端(duan)(duan)各(ge)有外(wai)螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)，兩(liang)(liang)端(duan)(duan)外(wai)螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)間(jian)有一縱(zong)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)切縫(feng)，切縫(feng)間(jian)等(deng)距有加強筋，前錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)形定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽呈(cheng)傘狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，傘形尖(jian)有一光孔，兩(liang)(liang)側直壁內(nei)(nei)徑(jing)有螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)前端(duan)(duan)螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)配合，帽體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)大于(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)，后(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵(du)為一封蓋，外(wai)徑(jing)直徑(jing)大于(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)，與(yu)前錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)形定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽外(wai)徑(jing)一致(zhi)，后(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵(du)內(nei)(nei)徑(jing)有螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)后(hou)端(duan)(duan)螺(luo)(luo)紋(wen)(wen)(wen)配合。可(ke)根(gen)據炮眼深度采用合適的聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)，不需(xu)其他工具幫助送入炮眼，切縫(feng)方向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)準確(que)，兩(liang)(liang)端(duan)(duan)的前錐(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)形定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽和(he)后(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵(du)外(wai)徑(jing)與(yu)炮眼內(nei)(nei)徑(jing)一致(zhi)，保證聚能管(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)同心，定(ding)(ding)(ding)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)準確(que)。且利于(yu)工業化生產(chan)(chan)，作業安全(quan)

在建造隧道的時候，人們首先想到的個方式，就是使用爆破技術，專用礦用型聚能管開山挖隧道修路，常規爆破技術需要使用數以噸計的炸，炸的威力十分巨大，但是在炸完之后，空氣中全是煙塵，根本無法進入，另外常規爆破炸出來的輪廓線凹凸不平，后期常常需要工人進一步修補輪廓線才能進行下一道工序，耗時耗力，那么有沒有其他的方式比常規爆破技術更好呢？2018年3月，央視報道了一場隧道爆破對比實驗，實驗采用兩種爆破技術，滴喲中是使用炸的常規爆破技術，第二種則是國人新發明的聚能水壓光面爆破技術，隨著聲聲巨響，這場對比試驗的結果超乎所有人的意料，池州礦用型聚能管聚能水(shui)壓爆(bao)破(po)技(ji)術的爆(bao)炸效果更(geng)好，而且爆(bao)破(po)產生的水(shui)霧能將煙塵(chen)覆蓋(gai)，起到(dao)(dao)降塵(chen)的作用，這項爆(bao)破(po)新方式得(de)到(dao)(dao)了觀眾(zhong)們的認可。