各種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)器(qi)材(cai)銷(xiao)毀以及爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)器(qi)材(cai)意(yi)外爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸時(shi)(shi)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)源與(yu)人(ren)員(yuan)和其(qi)他(ta)保(bao)護對象(xiang)之(zhi)間的安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)稱為爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)應(ying)取各種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)效應(ying)（地震(zhen)、沖(chong)擊波、飛石(shi)、有毒氣體(ti)等）分別(bie)核定(ding)(ding)(ding)的大值。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)時(shi)(shi)，必然(ran)產生爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地震(zhen)、空氣沖(chong)擊波、碎石(shi)飛散及有害(hai)氣體(ti)，因此(ci)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)設(she)計時(shi)(shi)必須確定(ding)(ding)(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)危害(hai)范圍，并確定(ding)(ding)(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)點到附近人(ren)員(yuan)、設(she)備、建筑(zhu)物(wu)及井巷等的安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)，這一段距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)就稱為爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)。如何(he)控制好這段距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)就顯的尤為重要。為保(bao)證爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地點與(yu)人(ren)員(yuan)或其(qi)他(ta)應(ying)保(bao)護對象(xiang)之(zhi)間必須保(bao)持短(duan)的相隔長度(du)(du)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)有害(hai)效應(ying)隨距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)的增(zeng)加有規(gui)律地衰減，用距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)作為安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)尺度(du)(du)可(ke)限(xian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)有害(hai)效應(ying)在(zai)允許限(xian)度(du)(du)之(zhi)內。中國(guo)《爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)規(gui)程(cheng)》規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)了爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地震(zhen)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)，個別(bie)飛散物(wu)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)，以及爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸沖(chong)擊波的安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)。

水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技術(shu)基(ji)礎上發展起來的一項新技術(shu)，其(qi)掏槽眼(yan)(yan)、輔助(zhu)眼(yan)(yan)裝藥(yao)(yao)結構(gou)和(he)(he)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方(fang)式與水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)相同，但在周(zhou)邊(bian)眼(yan)(yan)中(zhong)安裝專(zhuan)用(yong)線性聚能藥(yao)(yao)管替代常規爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)藥(yao)(yao)卷和(he)(he)傳爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)線，利用(yong)線性聚能藥(yao)(yao)管產生的粒子射流動能、高壓(ya)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)氣體應力及“氣楔”作用(yong)，形成平整圓順的開挖輪廓(kuo)面(mian)(mian)，對(dui)控制超欠(qian)挖具有(you)良好效(xiao)(xiao)果，有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)提升了隧道(dao)施工質量、進(jin)度和(he)(he)經濟效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)較(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)，在周(zhou)邊(bian)眼(yan)(yan)單循環火工品使(shi)(shi)用(yong)量上節約(yue)費用(yong)8.3%，周(zhou)邊(bian)眼(yan)(yan)鉆孔數(shu)量從39個(ge)下降(jiang)為(wei)23個(ge)費用(yong)節約(yue)41%，混凝土噴射每(mei)延(yan)米節約(yue)1.37立(li)方(fang)米。聚能水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)比水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)每(mei)循環節約(yue)費用(yong)258.4元(yuan)，即每(mei)延(yan)米節約(yue)76較(jiao)元(yuan)，節約(yue)費用(yong)比例達32%。此外，聚能水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)能有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)降(jiang)低隧道(dao)內石渣塊度和(he)(he)粉塵含量，還(huan)可使(shi)(shi)通風時間有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)縮短33%。

是由管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體、前錐(zhui)(zhui)形(xing)定(ding)(ding)格帽、后定(ding)(ding)格堵(du)構(gou)成，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體為塑性材料(liao)制成，呈管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)狀(zhuang)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)小于(yu)(yu)正常炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)，長度可隨(sui)爆破需(xu)要生產(chan)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體兩(liang)(liang)端各有(you)外(wai)(wai)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋，兩(liang)(liang)端外(wai)(wai)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋間有(you)一(yi)(yi)縱(zong)向(xiang)切縫，切縫間等距有(you)加強筋，前錐(zhui)(zhui)形(xing)定(ding)(ding)格帽呈傘狀(zhuang)，傘形(xing)尖有(you)一(yi)(yi)光孔，兩(liang)(liang)側直(zhi)壁內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋，與管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)前端螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋配合，帽體外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體，后定(ding)(ding)格堵(du)為一(yi)(yi)封蓋(gai)，外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)，與前錐(zhui)(zhui)形(xing)定(ding)(ding)格帽外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)(yi)致(zhi)，后定(ding)(ding)格堵(du)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋，與管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)后端螺(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)紋配合。可根據炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)深度采(cai)用合適的聚能(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體，不(bu)需(xu)其他工(gong)具幫助送入炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)，切縫方向(xiang)準(zhun)確，兩(liang)(liang)端的前錐(zhui)(zhui)形(xing)定(ding)(ding)格帽和(he)后定(ding)(ding)格堵(du)外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)與炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)(yi)致(zhi)，保證聚能(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體同(tong)心(xin)，定(ding)(ding)向(xiang)準(zhun)確。且利于(yu)(yu)工(gong)業化(hua)生產(chan)，作業安全

專業深孔爆破聚能管聚能包由炸、形罩、隔板、殼體、引信和支架等部分組成，其作用及對聚能包威力的影響分述如下。1．炸，炸是聚能管爆破的能源，炸的爆壓越大，聚能彈威力越大；為得到高爆壓，需高爆速、高密度的炸。常用炸有梯恩梯、8321炸等，裝方法有熔鑄，塑裝和壓裝多種。2．型罩，型罩的作用是把炸的爆炸能轉化成罩體材料的射流動能，從而提高其穿透和切割能力。深孔爆破聚能管廠家型(xing)(xing)罩的(de)材(cai)料必須滿足四點要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，即(ji)可壓縮(suo)性(xing)小、密度高、塑性(xing)和延(yan)展性(xing)好(hao)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)形成射流中(zhong)(zhong)不汽化。大量試驗證明(ming)，用紫銅制作型(xing)(xing)罩效果(guo)好(hao)，其次為鑄鐵、鋼和陶(tao)瓷。型(xing)(xing)罩的(de)形狀多種(zhong)(zhong)多樣(yang)，主要(yao)(yao)有(you)軸對稱型(xing)(xing)，如圓錐形、半球(qiu)形、拋物(wu)線形和喇(la)叭(ba)形等(deng)；面對稱型(xing)(xing)，常見的(de)有(you)用于切割屬(shu)板(ban)材(cai)的(de)直線形和用于切割管材(cai)的(de)環形聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)罩兩種(zhong)(zhong)；中(zhong)(zhong)心對稱型(xing)(xing)，這種(zhong)(zhong)球(qiu)形聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)包，中(zhong)(zhong)心有(you)球(qiu)形空腔和球(qiu)形罩，球(qiu)形罩外敷(fu)設炸，若(ruo)能(neng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)瞬間同時起爆，可在(zai)(zai)(zai)空腔中(zhong)(zhong)心點獲得極大的(de)能(neng)量集中(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)工程中(zhong)(zhong)常用的(de)是(shi)軸對稱型(xing)(xing)和面對稱型(xing)(xing)兩類(lei)型(xing)(xing)罩。

是將炸(zha)藥裝在聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管內，兩頭均(jun)放(fang)置了(le)水(shui)袋，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管爆(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)高溫高壓(ya)射流(liu)，讓水(shui)袋產生(sheng)“水(shui)楔”效應,使(shi)圍巖裂縫加劇延伸擴(kuo)展。它是在水(shui)壓(ya)光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)基礎上發展起來的(de)(de)一(yi)項新技(ji)術，區別(bie)只(zhi)是在周(zhou)邊眼中安裝專用(yong)(yong)線性聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)藥管替代常規(gui)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)藥卷和傳爆(bao)(bao)(bao)線，只(zhi)要做到(dao)七大關鍵環節：水(shui)袋挺(ting)拔飽滿、炮(pao)泥軟(ruan)硬(ying)適中、水(shui)袋裝填到(dao)底、炮(pao)泥回填到(dao)口、木(mu)棍(gun)逐(zhu)節搗固(gu)、水(shui)藥緊(jin)密(mi)相(xiang)連、槽面必須平行，就能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)對控制(zhi)超(chao)欠挖起到(dao)良(liang)好效果。在推廣水(shui)壓(ya)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)的(de)(de)基礎上，去年(nian)(nian)9月，水(shui)壓(ya)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)的(de)(de)成果上，今年(nian)(nian)更為深入地(di)在興(xing)泉鐵(tie)路大嶺隧道、牡佳鐵(tie)路麻山(shan)隧道采用(yong)(yong)了(le)此項技(ji)術，積累(lei)了(le)成功經驗。

的(de)(de)(de)(de)軍事應(ying)用(yong)：聚能(neng)爆破(po)(po)技(ji)術，早在(zai)二次世(shi)界大(da)戰期間就在(zai)軍事方面廣泛(fan)應(ying)用(yong)。國內在(zai)聚能(neng)破(po)(po)甲技(ji)術如大(da)錐(zhui)角(jiao)(jiao)反艦導彈(dan)戰斗部(bu)和大(da)錐(zhui)角(jiao)(jiao)反坦克地雷以及敏感彈(dan)戰斗部(bu)等方面取(qu)得(de)(de)了較為快速的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展，我國20世(shi)紀60年(nian)代(dai)打破(po)(po)國外技(ji)術封(feng)鎖(suo)獨立自主研發成(cheng)功原(yuan)子彈(dan)就是(shi)得(de)(de)力(li)于聚能(neng)爆破(po)(po)技(ji)術轟擊核(he)裝(zhuang)置而(er)引爆原(yuan)子彈(dan)。的(de)(de)(de)(de)民爆應(ying)用(yong)——切(qie)槽(cao)爆破(po)(po)技(ji)術：聚能(neng)爆破(po)(po)用(yong)于工(gong)程建設(she)也(ye)是(shi)20世(shi)紀60年(nian)代(dai)開始(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，首先是(shi)瑞典的(de)(de)(de)(de)U﹒Langefors提出(chu)孔壁切(qie)槽(cao)爆破(po)(po)利用(yong)槽(cao)口(kou)應(ying)力(li)集中定(ding)向開裂的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)想，后經W﹒L﹒Fourney驗證是(shi)有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)。70年(nian)代(dai)國外廣泛(fan)研究和應(ying)用(yong)了切(qie)槽(cao)爆破(po)(po)技(ji)術。