我國于1983年(nian)制定了(le)(le)《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)建筑物巖行基(ji)礎開(kai)挖工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)范》(sD 121l一1983)。自此(ci)，在(zai)水(shui)(shui)利水(shui)(shui)電建設中(zhong)預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)與光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)已成為必須進(jin)行的保護邊坡(po)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)開(kai)挖技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)措施(shi)。此(ci)后在(zai)此(ci)基(ji)礎上(shang)修訂的《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)建筑物巖石(shi)基(ji)礎開(kai)挖工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)范》(SL 47一1994)以及在(zai)《水(shui)(shui)電水(shui)(shui)利爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)范》(DL／T 5135—2001)和(he)《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)建筑物巖石(shi)基(ji)礎開(kai)挖工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)范》(DL／T 5389～2007)中(zhong)預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)與光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)均被編(bian)入(ru)并有所(suo)改進(jin)，DL／T 5135—2001正在(zai)修編(bian)為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道部也不(bu)僅規(gui)定了(le)(le)凡是(shi)Ⅲ級以上(shang)的巖石(shi)邊坡(po)，設計邊坡(po)坡(po)度為1：0．1～1：0．75，在(zai)邊坡(po)部位的爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)設計和(he)施(shi)工(gong)都應(ying)采用光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)或預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，并闡述了(le)(le)光(guang)(guang)面(預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)設計的原(yuan)則和(he)參數、安全措施(shi)，而且(qie)還明確(que)了(le)(le)路塹邊坡(po)光(guang)(guang)面(預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)項(xiang)目質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)驗(yan)收檢測數量(liang)(liang)和(he)檢測方法。無疑(yi)該規(gui)程的實施(shi)，有力地推動和(he)促進(jin)了(le)(le)光(guang)(guang)面(預(yu)(yu)(yu)裂)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)在(zai)鐵路建設中(zhong)的應(ying)用與發展。

聚能(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包破(po)(po)碎法(fa)(fa)特點是:不需要(yao)打(da)眼(yan)，因而不需要(yao)購買打(da)眼(yan)設備和(he)(he)動力(li)設備;施工(gong)簡單，施工(gong)進(jin)度比淺(qian)眼(yan)爆(bao)破(po)(po)法(fa)(fa)快安全性比普(pu)通(tong)淺(qian)眼(yan)爆(bao)破(po)(po)法(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)普(pu)通(tong)裸(luo)露藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包法(fa)(fa)好(hao);勞動強度比淺(qian)眼(yan)爆(bao)破(po)(po)法(fa)(fa)低。制造聚能(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包所采用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有:黑索金(jin)(jin)和(he)(he)梯(ti)恩(en)梯(ti)混合熔鑄型;乳化(hua)油炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)和(he)(he)黑索金(jin)(jin)混裝型和(he)(he)二(er)號巖石(shi)硝(xiao)鉸炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)壓制型。根據使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)結果證明，選(xuan)用(yong)密度較大(da)和(he)(he)爆(bao)速較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)制造聚能(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包能(neng)(neng)獲得較好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)破(po)(po)碎效果。這主要(yao)是由于(yu)它加工(gong)簡單和(he)(he)破(po)(po)碎能(neng)(neng)力(li)較大(da)。在(zai)礦(kuang)山由于(yu)二(er)次破(po)(po)碎消耗的(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包較多，而且(qie)金(jin)(jin)屬藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)型罩的(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)費(fei)工(gong)又費(fei)材料，所以(yi)多不采用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)型罩。國內生產的(de)(de)(de)一種用(yong)于(yu)破(po)(po)碎大(da)塊(kuai)的(de)(de)(de)聚能(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包，裝置(zhi)聚能(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包時，要(yao)將藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包垂直(zhi)裝在(zai)大(da)塊(kuai)的(de)(de)(de)頂(ding)面(mian)上，聚能(neng)(neng)穴朝下(xia)。藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)包位置(zhi)應選(xuan)在(zai)頂(ding)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)幾何中心或附近較平整的(de)(de)(de)地點。然后在(zai)上面(mian)覆蓋泥沙。

專用礦用型雙向聚能管光面爆破技術優勢：相對于傳統爆破工藝，聚能管光面爆破比常規爆破具有以下優勢∶少打眼，少裝藥。節約周邊鉆孔量50%，總鉆孔進尺減少30%；節約炸藥10～20%，雷管30%。節約噴漿料15-20%。節省時間∶每循環鉆孔、裝藥、噴漿時間1.5-2.0小時。礦用型雙向聚能管公司在安全方面(mian)利用水沙袋(dai)替代炮泥，以(yi)(yi)避(bi)免搗炮泥損毀電雷管導線，造成瞎(xia)炮。大(da)(da)大(da)(da)減少對圍巖擾動，光面(mian)效果(guo)好(hao)，巖性條件差(cha)情況下可以(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)減少超挖量，控制巷(xiang)道(dao)成型；巖性完整無節(jie)理(li)情況下眼痕率可以(yi)(yi)達到(dao)90%以(yi)(yi)上(shang)，巷(xiang)道(dao)成型好(hao)，穩定(ding)性強。布(bu)孔方式優化成多排掏槽布(bu)孔，單次掘(jue)進深(shen)度(du)可以(yi)(yi)優化提高10%到(dao)15%不等。由于炮孔數量大(da)(da)大(da)(da)減少可以(yi)(yi)考慮一起(qi)全斷面(mian)起(qi)爆(bao)，節(jie)省放炮時間。

在工程(cheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)中(zhong)(zhong)，常(chang)用的起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)火索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)是(shi)(shi)利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)使雷管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)，進而起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)藥的起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)。它所需的器材有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管(guan)、導(dao)線和起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路(lu)的連接形式，要根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)方(fang)法(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)規模、工程(cheng)的重要性、所選起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源及其起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能(neng)(neng)力(li)等(deng)進行選擇，基本連接方(fang)式有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)：串聯(lian)(lian)(lian)、并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)、串并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)和并(bing)(bing)串聯(lian)(lian)(lian)等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)安全、可(ke)靠(kao)、準(zhun)確、高效等(deng)優點，在國內外(wai)仍(reng)(reng)占(zhan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)大(da)比(bi)重。在大(da)、中(zhong)(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)中(zhong)(zhong)，主要仍(reng)(reng)是(shi)(shi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是(shi)(shi)在有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)瓦斯(si)、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)的環境中(zhong)(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)(shi)主要的起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)。但(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號的干擾(rao)而發(fa)生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)雜散(san)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高壓感(gan)應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的環境中(zhong)(zhong)，不(bu)能(neng)(neng)使用普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管(guan)。