是(shi)(shi)將炸藥裝(zhuang)在聚(ju)能管內，兩頭均放置了水(shui)袋(dai)，聚(ju)能管爆炸產生的(de)高溫高壓(ya)射流(liu)，讓水(shui)袋(dai)產生“水(shui)楔”效應,使圍巖裂縫(feng)加(jia)劇延(yan)伸擴展。它(ta)是(shi)(shi)在水(shui)壓(ya)光面爆破(po)基(ji)礎上發展起來(lai)的(de)一項新技術，區別只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)在周邊眼中安裝(zhuang)專用(yong)線性聚(ju)能藥管替代常(chang)規爆破(po)藥卷和傳爆線，只(zhi)要做到七大關鍵環節(jie)：水(shui)袋(dai)挺拔飽(bao)滿、炮泥軟硬(ying)適中、水(shui)袋(dai)裝(zhuang)填(tian)到底、炮泥回填(tian)到口(kou)、木棍逐節(jie)搗固、水(shui)藥緊(jin)密相連、槽面必須(xu)平(ping)行，就(jiu)能對(dui)控制超欠挖(wa)起到良好(hao)效果。在推廣(guang)水(shui)壓(ya)爆破(po)的(de)基(ji)礎上，去年9月，水(shui)壓(ya)聚(ju)能爆破(po)的(de)成果上，今年更為深入地在興(xing)泉鐵路(lu)大嶺隧道、牡佳鐵路(lu)麻山隧道采用(yong)了此項技術，積累了成功經驗。

淄博礦用型聚能管不成功的事例是有的，如爆而不倒、實施定向爆破后沒有按爆破方案的方向倒塌等等。這些事例警示:從爆破設計、爆破器材質量、爆破施工到起爆網路連接等，只要有一個環節出現失誤，都將影響爆破工程的效果，乃至造成嚴重的后果。礦用型聚能管價格爆(bao)破(po)作業(ye)無(wu)(wu)論是老舊(jiu)建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)(wu)(wu)本身還(huan)是周圍環(huan)境都十分復雜，這不僅(jin)要(yao)求認真(zhen)調查爆(bao)破(po)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)結構(包括施工(gong)(gong)缺陷)，分析受(shou)力狀(zhuang)況，同(tong)時(shi)還(huan)要(yao)對(dui)采取技術措施(如預處(chu)理、嵌補、支撐等)的(de)(de)(de)(de)可靠和(he)(he)安全(quan)性(xing)(xing)進行分析，對(dui)可能(neng)出現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)意外情(qing)況，應(ying)(ying)預先制定應(ying)(ying)急方(fang)案，努力避免安全(quan)事故和(he)(he)不必(bi)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)損失。工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)保(bao)性(xing)(xing)越來(lai)越受(shou)到人們的(de)(de)(de)(de)關注(zhu)，同(tong)時(shi)，探(tan)索(suo)無(wu)(wu)公害的(de)(de)(de)(de)拆除爆(bao)破(po)技術，一(yi)直是爆(bao)破(po)工(gong)(gong)作者(zhe)追(zhui)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)目標。設立掩(yan)蔽體對(dui)物(wu)(wu)(wu)體加以保(bao)護，簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de)辦法是用(yong)草袋、竹笆一(yi)類材料覆(fu)蓋在需要(yao)保(bao)護的(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)體上面(mian);對(dui)房(fang)屋和(he)(he)機器設備(bei)常要(yao)在迎面(mian)和(he)(he)頂部豎立排架(jia)，用(yong)木板或(huo)荊笆上罩鐵絲(si)網，抵御較多的(de)(de)(de)(de)飛石和(he)(he)較強的(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣沖擊波的(de)(de)(de)(de)打擊;對(dui)某些重要(yao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)(wu)(wu)打防震孔(kong)或(huo)者(zhe)用(yong)預裂爆(bao)破(po)將爆(bao)破(po)區和(he)(he)被保(bao)護的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)(wu)(wu)或(huo)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)設施隔離開(kai)來(lai)。

水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆破技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)在隧(sui)道(dao)掘進(jin)(jin)作業中的實際應用。提(ti)升光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆破水(shui)平、嚴抓隧(sui)道(dao)超(chao)挖管(guan)控(kong)進(jin)(jin)行了介紹。聚能(neng)(neng)水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆破工(gong)藝技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)很成熟、可(ke)操(cao)作性(xing)很強、材料成本很低、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)速(su)度(du)很快、節能(neng)(neng)環保效(xiao)果很顯著(zhu)、經(jing)濟效(xiao)益(yi)社會效(xiao)益(yi)很高。一是要(yao)(yao)提(ti)高對推廣(guang)該項技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)重要(yao)(yao)性(xing)和必(bi)然(ran)性(xing)的認識;二是要(yao)(yao)樹立(li)必(bi)須(xu)采取聚能(neng)(neng)水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆破的意(yi)識;三是要(yao)(yao)堅持培訓、示范、監督“三位一體(ti)”;四是要(yao)(yao)制(zhi)定切(qie)實的獎懲制(zhi)度(du);五是要(yao)(yao)建立(li)檢查(cha)監督機制(zhi)，持續促進(jin)(jin)該項技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)的深(shen)入推廣(guang)。在隧(sui)道(dao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)的現場管(guan)理、科技(ji)(ji)(ji)創新(xin)、人才培養、經(jing)濟效(xiao)益(yi)等方面(mian)(mian)的不足。建議對施(shi)(shi)工(gong)一線(xian)基礎(chu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)工(gong)作扎實推進(jin)(jin);對新(xin)工(gong)藝、先進(jin)(jin)工(gong)法要(yao)(yao)深(shen)入學習鉆研;對消(xiao)極懈怠、故步自封的思想要(yao)(yao)堅決抵制(zhi)。

我(wo)國于(yu)1983年制定(ding)了(le)《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物(wu)巖(yan)行(xing)基礎開挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)》(sD 121l一1983)。自此，在(zai)水(shui)(shui)利水(shui)(shui)電(dian)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)中(zhong)預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)與(yu)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)已(yi)成為必須進(jin)行(xing)的(de)保護邊坡(po)質量的(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)開挖技(ji)(ji)術(shu)措施(shi)(shi)。此后在(zai)此基礎上(shang)修訂的(de)《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物(wu)巖(yan)石基礎開挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)》(SL 47一1994)以(yi)及在(zai)《水(shui)(shui)電(dian)水(shui)(shui)利爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5135—2001)和《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物(wu)巖(yan)石基礎開挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5389～2007)中(zhong)預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)與(yu)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)均被編(bian)入并有所(suo)改進(jin)，DL／T 5135—2001正(zheng)在(zai)修編(bian)為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道部(bu)(bu)也(ye)不僅規(gui)(gui)定(ding)了(le)凡是(shi)Ⅲ級(ji)以(yi)上(shang)的(de)巖(yan)石邊坡(po)，設(she)(she)(she)計邊坡(po)坡(po)度為1：0．1～1：0．75，在(zai)邊坡(po)部(bu)(bu)位(wei)的(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)設(she)(she)(she)計和施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都應采(cai)用光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)或預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，并闡述了(le)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)設(she)(she)(she)計的(de)原(yuan)則和參(can)數、安全措施(shi)(shi)，而且(qie)還明確了(le)路塹邊坡(po)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)項目質量驗收檢(jian)測數量和檢(jian)測方(fang)法。無疑該規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)的(de)實施(shi)(shi)，有力地推動和促進(jin)了(le)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)在(zai)鐵路建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)中(zhong)的(de)應用與(yu)發展。