在(zai)(zai)工程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)(zhong)，常用(yong)的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導火索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)是利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能使雷管爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)，進(jin)而(er)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)藥的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳(fang)法(fa)。它所需的(de)器材(cai)有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管、導線(xian)和起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網(wang)路的(de)連接形式(shi)，要根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破方法(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破規(gui)模(mo)、工程的(de)重要性、所選起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源及其起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能力(li)(li)等進(jin)行選擇(ze)，基本連接方式(shi)有(you)(you)：串聯(lian)、并聯(lian)、串并聯(lian)和并串聯(lian)等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)具有(you)(you)較(jiao)(jiao)安全、可(ke)靠、準確、高效(xiao)等優(you)點，在(zai)(zai)國內外仍占有(you)(you)較(jiao)(jiao)大比重。在(zai)(zai)大、中(zhong)(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)(zhong)，主要仍是用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是在(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)瓦斯、礦(kuang)塵(chen)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)的(de)環(huan)境(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是主要的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)。但(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)號(hao)的(de)干擾而(er)發生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)雜(za)散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高壓感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)環(huan)境(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)，不能使用(yong)普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管。

水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)是在炮孔兩(liang)端填充水(shui)袋，中(zhong)間(jian)裝上乳(ru)化炸(zha)(zha)，炮孔再用(yong)(yong)炮泥封(feng)死，炮孔間(jian)距(ju)很大(da)，兩(liang)個(ge)炮空之(zhi)間(jian)相距(ju)了一米(mi)左右，是常規爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)的(de)炮孔間(jian)距(ju)的(de)兩(liang)倍(bei)，這(zhe)(zhe)樣可(ke)以節省炮孔材(cai)料，這(zhe)(zhe)兩(liang)個(ge)凹(ao)槽(cao)(cao)又稱(cheng)為聚(ju)能槽(cao)(cao)，聚(ju)能槽(cao)(cao)非常重(zhong)要(yao)，放置的(de)位置和方(fang)向都十分講究，一點(dian)也不能出錯，在爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)的(de)瞬間(jian)，高(gao)溫高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)聚(ju)能射流立(li)即往凹(ao)槽(cao)(cao)兩(liang)邊的(de)巖石進(jin)行切(qie)割(ge)，巖石如同豆腐一樣輕松(song)被切(qie)割(ge)切(qie)割(ge)出來(lai)的(de)輪廓線(xian)十分平(ping)順，效果極(ji)好，聚(ju)能水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)中(zhong)的(de)水(shui)袋沒有降(jiang)低(di)爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)的(de)效果，反而能保(bao)護(hu)隧道周(zhou)邊植被，減少(shao)地質擾(rao)動(dong)，降(jiang)低(di)煙塵，重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)是節省炸(zha)(zha)成本(ben)，在未來(lai)這(zhe)(zhe)項技術會(hui)廣(guang)泛應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于工程中(zhong)，降(jiang)低(di)施工成本(ben)。爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)聚(ju)能管水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光面爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)較水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光面爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)，在周(zhou)邊眼單循(xun)環火工品(pin)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)量上節約費(fei)用(yong)(yong)8.3%，周(zhou)邊眼鉆(zhan)孔數量從39個(ge)下降(jiang)為23個(ge)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)節約41%，混凝(ning)土噴射每延(yan)米(mi)節約1.37立(li)方(fang)米(mi)。

各種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)器(qi)材銷毀(hui)以(yi)及爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)器(qi)材意外爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸時，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)源與(yu)人員(yuan)和(he)其他保護對象(xiang)之間的安(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li)(li)(li)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li)(li)(li)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li)(li)(li)應(ying)取各種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)效(xiao)應(ying)（地(di)(di)震、沖擊(ji)波、飛(fei)石、有(you)(you)毒氣體等）分(fen)別(bie)核定(ding)(ding)的大值。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)時，必(bi)(bi)然產生(sheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)地(di)(di)震、空氣沖擊(ji)波、碎石飛(fei)散及有(you)(you)害(hai)氣體，因(yin)此，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)設計時必(bi)(bi)須確定(ding)(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)危害(hai)范(fan)圍(wei)，并確定(ding)(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)點到附近(jin)人員(yuan)、設備(bei)、建筑物及井巷等的安(an)全(quan)(quan)，這(zhe)一段距(ju)離(li)(li)(li)就(jiu)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li)(li)(li)。如何控制好這(zhe)段距(ju)離(li)(li)(li)就(jiu)顯的尤(you)為(wei)(wei)重要。為(wei)(wei)保證爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)地(di)(di)點與(yu)人員(yuan)或其他應(ying)保護對象(xiang)之間必(bi)(bi)須保持短(duan)的相隔(ge)長(chang)度(du)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)有(you)(you)害(hai)效(xiao)應(ying)隨距(ju)離(li)(li)(li)的增加有(you)(you)規(gui)律地(di)(di)衰減(jian)，用距(ju)離(li)(li)(li)作為(wei)(wei)安(an)全(quan)(quan)尺度(du)可限(xian)定(ding)(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)有(you)(you)害(hai)效(xiao)應(ying)在允許限(xian)度(du)之內。中國《爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)規(gui)程(cheng)》規(gui)定(ding)(ding)了爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)地(di)(di)震安(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li)(li)(li)，個別(bie)飛(fei)散物安(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li)(li)(li)，以(yi)及爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸沖擊(ji)波的安(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li)(li)(li)。

連云港爆破多向聚能管發揮巨大效力的關鍵又在其上面的“聚能槽”上。項目部目前采用的聚能管有兩個“聚能槽”，通過這兩個聚能槽的作用讓爆炸的威力在隧道中切割出十分平順的輪廓線，的控制了爆破量，有效管控了超挖欠挖的現象。為了進一步嚴格控制開挖輪廓，達到提高光面爆破效果的目的，并研究出了聚能管上兩個“聚能槽”變為三個“聚能槽”的發明設計，目前，爆破多向聚能管公司該發明設計(ji)已經(jing)進入到了(le)試(shi)生產階(jie)段。未來，三“聚(ju)能槽”設計(ji)的聚(ju)能水壓爆(bao)破技術將推動中鐵(tie)十(shi)(shi)四局四公司張吉(ji)懷鐵(tie)路項目部施工開展邁上一個新的臺(tai)階(jie)，給項目部帶(dai)來巨大的經(jing)濟效(xiao)益。工程爆(bao)破技術經(jing)過幾十(shi)(shi)年的發展，已經(jing)滲透(tou)到經(jing)濟建(jian)設的眾(zhong)多領域，特別(bie)為中國的鐵(tie)路建(jian)設、礦(kuang)山開采、城(cheng)市(shi)拆舊定向爆(bao)破等(deng)做出了(le)重要貢獻。

我(wo)國(guo)20世紀60年(nian)代(dai)利用(yong)斷裂力(li)學對巖(yan)石損(sun)傷引起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)裂紋擴展進(jin)行過試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)研(yan)究，為聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)爆(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術應用(yong)到工程做了(le)不少(shao)理(li)(li)論分析(xi)，也取得一些(xie)進(jin)展。80年(nian)代(dai)中期(qi)開始進(jin)行應用(yong)研(yan)究，以北京礦業學院為代(dai)表，著(zhu)重研(yan)究了(le)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)藥包切割(ge)(ge)饑理(li)(li)和應用(yong)。1987年(nian)淮南礦業學院取得“雙面切割(ge)(ge)器(qi)”的(de)(de)(de)zhuanli，1995年(nian)又取得“大理(li)(li)石花(hua)崗(gang)巖(yan)切割(ge)(ge)技(ji)(ji)術應用(yong)”zhuanli。1991年(nian)中國(guo)水電七局曾試(shi)圖(tu)采用(yong)硬(ying)質紙加工聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)藥管成形聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)藥卷做過聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)預(yu)裂爆(bao)破(po)(po)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)研(yan)究，但(dan)終因當時的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術及工藝水平的(de)(de)(de)限制無法用(yong)于正常施工，但(dan)是(shi)他們開了(le)橢圓雙極(ji)線性聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)結構試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)先河。雙聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)預(yu)裂與光面爆(bao)破(po)(po)綜合技(ji)(ji)術開創輪廓控制爆(bao)破(po)(po)新時代(dai)。