火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)，導(dao)(dao)(dao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)是利用(yong)導(dao)(dao)(dao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)索(suo)傳(chuan)遞(di)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)焰(yan)點燃(ran)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)雷管(guan)進(jin)而起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)藥。這種(zhong)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)所需的(de)材(cai)料有(you)：導(dao)(dao)(dao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)索(suo)、火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)雷管(guan)和(he)點火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)材(cai)料。導(dao)(dao)(dao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)操作(zuo)簡單、靈(ling)活，使用(yong)方便，成本較(jiao)低，廣泛(fan)應用(yong)于(yu)小型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破和(he)掘進(jin)。由于(yu)導(dao)(dao)(dao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)索(suo)的(de)速燃(ran)、緩燃(ran)等弊病，在爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)事(shi)故所占比重最大。不能多處(chu)裝藥同時起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。導(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)，用(yong)導(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)直接起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)藥包的(de)方法(fa)(fa)叫導(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)。先用(yong)雷管(guan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)導(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)，當導(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)的(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)轟波傳(chuan)至炸(zha)藥包時，將炸(zha)藥引爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。在需要延時分(fen)段(duan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)地(di)方，將導(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)中(zhong)接入繼爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)，就能達到導(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)毫秒爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破的(de)目的(de)。這種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破法(fa)(fa)所需起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)材(cai)料有(you)：雷管(guan)、導(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)和(he)繼爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)等。導(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路常用(yong)的(de)有(you)：串聯、簇(cu)并(bing)聯、單向分(fen)段(duan)并(bing)聯和(he)雙(shuang)向分(fen)段(duan)并(bing)聯等。

雙向爆破聚能管廠家聚能藥包破碎法特點是:不需要打眼，因而不需要購買打眼設備和動力設備;施工簡單，施工進度比淺眼爆破法快安全性比普通淺眼爆破法和普通裸露藥包法好;勞動強度比淺眼爆破法低。雙向爆破聚能管廠家制造聚能(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)包所(suo)(suo)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)有:黑索金和梯恩梯混合(he)熔鑄型(xing);乳(ru)化油炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)和黑索金混裝(zhuang)型(xing)和二號巖石硝鉸炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)壓制型(xing)。根(gen)據使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果證明，選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)密度較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大(da)和爆(bao)速較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)制造聚能(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)包能(neng)(neng)獲得較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)破碎效果。這主要是由(you)(you)于它加(jia)工(gong)簡單(dan)和破碎能(neng)(neng)力較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大(da)。在礦山由(you)(you)于二次破碎消耗(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)包較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)多，而(er)且金屬(shu)藥(yao)(yao)型(xing)罩的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)費工(gong)又費材料(liao)，所(suo)(suo)以多不采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)型(xing)罩。國(guo)內生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一種用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于破碎大(da)塊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聚能(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)包，裝(zhuang)置聚能(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)包時，要將藥(yao)(yao)包垂直裝(zhuang)在大(da)塊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頂面上，聚能(neng)(neng)穴朝下。藥(yao)(yao)包位置應選在頂面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幾何中心或附(fu)近較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)平整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地點。然(ran)后在上面覆蓋泥(ni)沙。

是將炸(zha)(zha)藥(yao)裝在聚(ju)(ju)能管內(nei)，兩頭均放置了(le)(le)水袋，聚(ju)(ju)能管爆炸(zha)(zha)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)高溫(wen)高壓射流(liu)，讓(rang)水袋產(chan)生(sheng)“水楔”效(xiao)(xiao)應,使圍巖(yan)裂(lie)縫加劇延伸(shen)擴展(zhan)。它是在水壓光(guang)面爆破(po)基礎(chu)上發(fa)展(zhan)起(qi)來的(de)一項(xiang)新技術(shu)，區別只(zhi)是在周邊(bian)眼(yan)中安(an)裝專用線性(xing)聚(ju)(ju)能藥(yao)管替代常規爆破(po)藥(yao)卷和傳(chuan)爆線，只(zhi)要做到七大(da)關鍵環節(jie)：水袋挺拔(ba)飽滿、炮泥軟硬適中、水袋裝填到底、炮泥回填到口(kou)、木棍逐節(jie)搗固(gu)、水藥(yao)緊密相(xiang)連(lian)、槽面必(bi)須平行，就能對控(kong)制超欠(qian)挖起(qi)到良好(hao)效(xiao)(xiao)果。在推廣水壓爆破(po)的(de)基礎(chu)上，去年(nian)9月，水壓聚(ju)(ju)能爆破(po)的(de)成果上，今年(nian)更(geng)為深入(ru)地在興(xing)泉鐵路(lu)大(da)嶺隧(sui)道(dao)、牡(mu)佳鐵路(lu)麻山隧(sui)道(dao)采用了(le)(le)此(ci)項(xiang)技術(shu)，積累了(le)(le)成功經(jing)驗。

我國(guo)20世紀60年(nian)代(dai)利用(yong)(yong)斷裂(lie)(lie)力(li)學對巖(yan)石損(sun)傷(shang)引起的裂(lie)(lie)紋擴展(zhan)進(jin)行過試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)研究，為(wei)聚(ju)能爆(bao)破技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)到工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)做了不少(shao)理論分析，也取得一些進(jin)展(zhan)。80年(nian)代(dai)中期開始(shi)進(jin)行應(ying)用(yong)(yong)研究，以北京(jing)礦業學院(yuan)為(wei)代(dai)表，著重研究了聚(ju)能藥(yao)包(bao)切割(ge)饑(ji)理和(he)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)。1987年(nian)淮南礦業學院(yuan)取得“雙面切割(ge)器”的zhuanli，1995年(nian)又取得“大理石花崗巖(yan)切割(ge)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)”zhuanli。1991年(nian)中國(guo)水電七局曾試(shi)(shi)圖采用(yong)(yong)硬(ying)質紙(zhi)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)聚(ju)能藥(yao)管成形聚(ju)能藥(yao)卷做過聚(ju)能預裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)破試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)研究，但終因當時(shi)的技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)及工(gong)(gong)藝水平的限制無法用(yong)(yong)于正常施工(gong)(gong)，但是他們(men)開了橢圓雙極線性聚(ju)能結構試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的先河。雙聚(ju)能預裂(lie)(lie)與(yu)光面爆(bao)破綜合技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)開創輪廓控制爆(bao)破新時(shi)代(dai)。

聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包由炸(zha)(zha)、形罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)、隔板(ban)、殼體、引信和(he)(he)(he)(he)支架等(deng)(deng)部(bu)分組(zu)成，其作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)及對(dui)(dui)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包威力(li)的(de)(de)影響分述如下。1．炸(zha)(zha)，炸(zha)(zha)是聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管爆(bao)(bao)破的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源，炸(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)壓(ya)越大，聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)彈(dan)威力(li)越大；為(wei)得到(dao)高爆(bao)(bao)壓(ya)，需高爆(bao)(bao)速、高密(mi)度的(de)(de)炸(zha)(zha)。常用(yong)(yong)(yong)炸(zha)(zha)有(you)(you)梯恩梯、8321炸(zha)(zha)等(deng)(deng)，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)方法有(you)(you)熔鑄，塑(su)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)和(he)(he)(he)(he)壓(ya)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)多種(zhong)(zhong)。2．型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)是把(ba)炸(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉化(hua)(hua)成罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)體材料的(de)(de)射流動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，從而提(ti)高其穿(chuan)透和(he)(he)(he)(he)切割能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)。型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)材料必須滿足四點(dian)要求，即可壓(ya)縮(suo)性小、密(mi)度高、塑(su)性和(he)(he)(he)(he)延展性好，在(zai)形成射流中(zhong)(zhong)不汽化(hua)(hua)。大量試驗證明(ming)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)紫銅制作(zuo)型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)效果好，其次為(wei)鑄鐵、鋼(gang)和(he)(he)(he)(he)陶(tao)瓷。型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)形狀(zhuang)多種(zhong)(zhong)多樣，主要有(you)(you)軸對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)，如圓錐形、半球形、拋物線(xian)(xian)形和(he)(he)(he)(he)喇叭形等(deng)(deng)；面對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)，常見(jian)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于切割屬板(ban)材的(de)(de)直線(xian)(xian)形和(he)(he)(he)(he)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于切割管材的(de)(de)環(huan)形聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)兩種(zhong)(zhong)；中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)，這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)球形聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包，中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)有(you)(you)球形空腔和(he)(he)(he)(he)球形罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，球形罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)外(wai)敷設(she)炸(zha)(zha)，若能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)瞬間同時起爆(bao)(bao)，可在(zai)空腔中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)點(dian)獲得極(ji)大的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量集中(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)工程中(zhong)(zhong)常用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)是軸對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)面對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)兩類型(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)。