是由管(guan)(guan)體(ti)、前(qian)(qian)(qian)錐(zhui)形定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)、后(hou)定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵構成(cheng),管(guan)(guan)體(ti)為塑性材料(liao)制成(cheng),呈(cheng)管(guan)(guan)狀(zhuang),管(guan)(guan)體(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)小于正常(chang)炮眼(yan)內徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),長度可(ke)隨爆破需(xu)(xu)要生產,管(guan)(guan)體(ti)兩(liang)(liang)端各有(you)(you)外(wai)(wai)(wai)螺紋,兩(liang)(liang)端外(wai)(wai)(wai)螺紋間(jian)有(you)(you)一(yi)縱向(xiang)切縫,切縫間(jian)等(deng)距有(you)(you)加強筋,前(qian)(qian)(qian)錐(zhui)形定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)呈(cheng)傘(san)狀(zhuang),傘(san)形尖有(you)(you)一(yi)光孔,兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)直(zhi)壁(bi)內徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)(you)螺紋,與管(guan)(guan)體(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)前(qian)(qian)(qian)端螺紋配合(he),帽(mao)體(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)大于管(guan)(guan)體(ti),后(hou)定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵為一(yi)封蓋,外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)大于管(guan)(guan)體(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),與前(qian)(qian)(qian)錐(zhui)形定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)致(zhi)(zhi),后(hou)定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵內徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)(you)螺紋,與管(guan)(guan)體(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)后(hou)端螺紋配合(he)。可(ke)根(gen)據炮眼(yan)深度采用合(he)適的聚能管(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)體(ti),不需(xu)(xu)其(qi)他工具幫助送入(ru)炮眼(yan),切縫方(fang)向(xiang)準確,兩(liang)(liang)端的前(qian)(qian)(qian)錐(zhui)形定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)和后(hou)定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)與炮眼(yan)內徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)一(yi)致(zhi)(zhi),保證聚能管(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)體(ti)同心(xin),定(ding)(ding)向(xiang)準確。且利于工業化(hua)生產,作業安全(quan)
各種(zhong)(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)器(qi)材(cai)銷毀以(yi)及爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)器(qi)材(cai)意外爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)時(shi),爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)源與人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)和其他保護對(dui)象(xiang)(xiang)之(zhi)間的安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)稱為爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)應取各種(zhong)(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)效(xiao)應(地(di)震(zhen)、沖(chong)(chong)擊波、飛石、有(you)毒氣(qi)體等(deng))分別(bie)核定(ding)的大值。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)時(shi),必(bi)然產生(sheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)地(di)震(zhen)、空氣(qi)沖(chong)(chong)擊波、碎(sui)石飛散及有(you)害氣(qi)體,因(yin)此,爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)設計時(shi)必(bi)須確(que)定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)危(wei)害范(fan)圍,并(bing)確(que)定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)點到附近人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)、設備(bei)、建筑物及井巷等(deng)的安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan),這(zhe)一段(duan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)就稱為爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。如(ru)何(he)控(kong)制(zhi)好這(zhe)段(duan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)就顯的尤為重要。為保證爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan),爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)地(di)點與人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)或其他應保護對(dui)象(xiang)(xiang)之(zhi)間必(bi)須保持(chi)短的相(xiang)隔長度。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)有(you)害效(xiao)應隨距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的增加有(you)規(gui)律地(di)衰(shuai)減,用(yong)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)作(zuo)為安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)尺度可限定(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)有(you)害效(xiao)應在允許限度之(zhi)內。中(zhong)國《爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)規(gui)程》規(gui)定(ding)了爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)地(di)震(zhen)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),個別(bie)飛散物安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),以(yi)及爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)沖(chong)(chong)擊波的安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。
我國于1983年制定了(le)《水(shui)(shui)工建筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)巖行基(ji)礎(chu)開(kai)挖(wa)工程(cheng)(cheng)施工技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)規范》(sD 121l一(yi)(yi)1983)。自(zi)此,在(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)利(li)水(shui)(shui)電建設中(zhong)預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)與光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)已成(cheng)為(wei)必須進(jin)行的(de)保護邊(bian)坡質量(liang)(liang)的(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)開(kai)挖(wa)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)措施。此后在(zai)(zai)此基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)修訂的(de)《水(shui)(shui)工建筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)巖石基(ji)礎(chu)開(kai)挖(wa)工程(cheng)(cheng)施工技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)規范》(SL 47一(yi)(yi)1994)以(yi)及在(zai)(zai)《水(shui)(shui)電水(shui)(shui)利(li)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)工程(cheng)(cheng)施工技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)規范》(DL/T 5135—2001)和《水(shui)(shui)工建筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)巖石基(ji)礎(chu)開(kai)挖(wa)工程(cheng)(cheng)施工技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)規范》(DL/T 5389~2007)中(zhong)預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)與光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)均(jun)被編入并有所改進(jin),DL/T 5135—2001正在(zai)(zai)修編為(wei)DL/T 5135—2012。鐵道(dao)部也不僅(jin)規定了(le)凡是Ⅲ級以(yi)上(shang)的(de)巖石邊(bian)坡,設計(ji)邊(bian)坡坡度為(wei)1:0.1~1:0.75,在(zai)(zai)邊(bian)坡部位的(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)設計(ji)和施工都應(ying)采用光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)或預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po),并闡述(shu)了(le)光(guang)面(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)施工技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)設計(ji)的(de)原則和參數(shu)(shu)、安全措施,而且還明確了(le)路(lu)塹邊(bian)坡光(guang)面(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)項目質量(liang)(liang)驗收檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)數(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)和檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)方法。無疑該規程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)實施,有力(li)地推動和促(cu)進(jin)了(le)光(guang)面(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)(zai)鐵路(lu)建設中(zhong)的(de)應(ying)用與發展。
雙向爆破聚能管公司對于爆破作業安全技術的研究,是從兩個方面去考慮的,一方面是炸和起爆器材以及對其爆炸所造成的破壞作用進行限制的安全技術,這是主動的。另一個方面是對爆破所產生的危害采取的防護措施,這是被動的一個方面。兩者對阻止爆破帶來的破壞性有同樣的重要性,但在具體的爆破工程中,則常常會有變化不定的現象和后果,因此,必須對每一項工程破壞的具體情況作細致的分析研究,從而采取適當的對策。同時,雙向爆破聚能管公司雖然技(ji)術不斷取得(de)進(jin)步,須在操作(zuo)過程(cheng)中注意(yi)每個工(gong)序,按照安(an)(an)全(quan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)程(cheng)認真作(zuo)業。只要嚴格(ge)遵守安(an)(an)全(quan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)程(cheng)、正(zheng)確地采取安(an)(an)全(quan)技(ji)術措施和(he)(he)防(fang)護(hu)措施,任(ren)何規(gui)(gui)(gui)模、任(ren)何種類的(de)(de)爆破是可以確保安(an)(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)。一些(xie)安(an)(an)全(quan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)條文(wen)是有經驗教訓和(he)(he)理論根(gen)據的(de)(de),有的(de)(de)甚至是血的(de)(de)教訓的(de)(de)總結,所以一定(ding)要克服(fu)麻痹(bi)思想,嚴格(ge)執行(xing)安(an)(an)全(quan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding),決不能以沒出過事(shi)故而輕率地"突破"規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)"框框"。
水(shui)(shui)壓光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)較(jiao)水(shui)(shui)壓光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po),在周(zhou)邊(bian)眼單循環(huan)火工品使用(yong)量(liang)上節(jie)約(yue)(yue)費用(yong)8.3%,周(zhou)邊(bian)眼鉆孔(kong)數(shu)量(liang)從(cong)39個下降為23個費用(yong)節(jie)約(yue)(yue)41%,混凝土噴射每(mei)延米(mi)節(jie)約(yue)(yue)1.37立方米(mi)。水(shui)(shui)壓光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)比水(shui)(shui)壓光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)每(mei)循環(huan)節(jie)約(yue)(yue)費用(yong)258.4元(yuan)(yuan),即每(mei)延米(mi)節(jie)約(yue)(yue)76較(jiao)元(yuan)(yuan),節(jie)約(yue)(yue)費用(yong)比例(li)達32%。此(ci)外,聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)壓光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)能(neng)(neng)(neng)有效降低隧道內石渣(zha)塊度(du)和(he)粉塵(chen)含量(liang),還可(ke)使通(tong)風時(shi)間有效縮短33%。聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)工藝技術(shu)很(hen)(hen)成(cheng)熟(shu)、可(ke)操作性很(hen)(hen)強、材(cai)料成(cheng)本很(hen)(hen)低、施工速度(du)很(hen)(hen)快、節(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)環(huan)保(bao)效果很(hen)(hen)顯著、經濟(ji)效益(yi)社(she)會效益(yi)很(hen)(hen)高。聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)定向爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技術(shu)是(shi)近(jin)幾年(nian)發展起(qi)來的(de)一項(xiang)掘進新(xin)技術(shu),這種爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技術(shu)與傳統的(de)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技術(shu)有一定的(de)差別,聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)定向爆(bao)(bao)破(po)原理(li)是(shi)在巷道周(zhou)邊(bian)眼中(zhong),將炸裝在聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)中(zhong)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao),爆(bao)(bao)破(po)時(shi)利用(yong)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)的(de)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)作用(yong),以減少裂(lie)隙的(de)數(shu)量(liang)和(he)控制優勢裂(lie)隙的(de)發展方向。
1、先試探性的(de)(de)(de)(de)咨(zi)詢(xun)制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)商(shang)(shang)銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)人(ren)員(yuan):您(nin)(nin)(nin)(nin)要訂爆破線產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)型號(hao)中(zhong)字(zi)母表(biao)示意思;規格(ge)(ge)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)字(zi)表(biao)示意思;執行標準中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)字(zi)母及數(shu)字(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)示意思。如果制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)商(shang)(shang)銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)人(ren)員(yuan)回答時(shi)支支吾(wu)吾(wu)、一知(zhi)半解甚至一無所知(zhi),可想而知(zhi),其(qi)(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質量如何。2、任何一種(zhong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)都有(you)其(qi)(qi)適(shi)用(yong)范(fan)圍(wei)和一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)環(huan)(huan)境。咨(zi)詢(xun)您(nin)(nin)(nin)(nin)要訂爆破線產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性能、具(ju)體(ti)使(shi)用(yong)辦法、使(shi)用(yong)環(huan)(huan)境要求。如果制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)商(shang)(shang)銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)人(ren)員(yuan)給(gei)您(nin)(nin)(nin)(nin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)答復與(yu)您(nin)(nin)(nin)(nin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求不一致(zhi),應判定為(wei):爆破線制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)商(shang)(shang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)型號(hao)規格(ge)(ge)單一或者其(qi)(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)只是(shi)對其(qi)(qi)他廠(chang)商(shang)(shang)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)簡單模仿。3、正規產(chan)(chan)品(pin)都有(you)其(qi)(qi)科學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)工藝(yi)和流程(cheng)。原材料(liao)合(he)格(ge)(ge)供應商(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇(ze)評定→原材料(liao)購進、運輸、儲存(cun)、保管→生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)質量控制(zhi)→不合(he)格(ge)(ge)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)處(chu)置及糾正措施(shi)→運輸交付→售(shou)(shou)后服務均(jun)有(you)嚴格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)操作(zuo)規程(cheng)。咨(zi)詢(xun)爆破線制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)商(shang)(shang)銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)人(ren)員(yuan)任何一個(ge)節點,就可知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)是(shi)否(fou)有(you)能力(生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)管理水平、專(zhuan)業設備及過程(cheng)檢測設備)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)出合(he)格(ge)(ge)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)。