聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)包由(you)炸、形(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)、隔板(ban)、殼體、引信和(he)支架(jia)等(deng)部分組成，其(qi)作(zuo)用及(ji)對(dui)(dui)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)包威力(li)的(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)分述(shu)如下。1．炸，炸是聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管爆破的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源，炸的(de)(de)爆壓越大，聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)彈威力(li)越大；為(wei)得到高爆壓，需(xu)高爆速、高密度(du)的(de)(de)炸。常(chang)用炸有梯恩梯、8321炸等(deng)，裝方法(fa)有熔鑄，塑(su)裝和(he)壓裝多種(zhong)(zhong)。2．型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用是把炸的(de)(de)爆炸能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉化(hua)成罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)體材(cai)(cai)料的(de)(de)射流動能(neng)(neng)(neng)，從而提高其(qi)穿透和(he)切割能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)。型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料必須滿(man)足四點要(yao)求，即可壓縮性小(xiao)、密度(du)高、塑(su)性和(he)延(yan)展性好，在(zai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成射流中(zhong)(zhong)不汽(qi)化(hua)。大量試驗證明，用紫銅制(zhi)作(zuo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)效果好，其(qi)次為(wei)鑄鐵、鋼和(he)陶(tao)瓷。型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀多種(zhong)(zhong)多樣(yang)，主要(yao)有軸對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，如圓錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)、半球形(xing)(xing)(xing)、拋物線形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)喇(la)叭形(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)；面對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，常(chang)見的(de)(de)有用于切割屬(shu)板(ban)材(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)直(zhi)線形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)用于切割管材(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)環形(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)兩種(zhong)(zhong)；中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，這種(zhong)(zhong)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)包，中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)有球形(xing)(xing)(xing)空(kong)腔(qiang)和(he)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，球形(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)外敷設炸，若能(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)瞬間同時(shi)起爆，可在(zai)空(kong)腔(qiang)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)點獲得極大的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量集中(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)工程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)常(chang)用的(de)(de)是軸對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)面對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)兩類型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)。

專用多向聚能管施工工藝嚴格遵循六字方針(掛滿、貼緊、對準)：(1)要保證炮眼打眼質量,炮眼必須按技術要求合理布置。(2)要保證掏槽眼以及其他眼眼的打眼質量,一定要在規定位置上打眼;二江門多向聚能管要保證炮(pao)眼深度(du)和角(jiao)度(du)。(3)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)裝(zhuang)藥時(shi)(shi),要保證乳(ru)化炸藥在聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)中空內壁中填充飽滿不得有空隙(xi)出現時(shi)(shi)以產生拒爆。(4)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)在炮(pao)眼中裝(zhuang)填時(shi)(shi),要保證聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)的兩條聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)指(zhi)向(xiang)(xiang)巷(xiang)道輪(lun)廓線方向(xiang)(xiang)并且各個炮(pao)眼聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)的聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)軸線方面(mian)要保證相互連接在隧道輪(lun)廓線上(shang)。否則成型(xing)效(xiao)果(guo)不僅不好(hao)(hao),反而更差。(5)保證炮(pao)眼堵塞質量。(6)放炮(pao)員應提前按(an)規定裝(zhuang)好(hao)(hao)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)的炸藥,并做好(hao)(hao)準備工作。試(shi)用(yong)范圍:一級(ji)至五級(ji)圍巖的光面(mian)爆破工程。

在(zai)工程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)，常(chang)用(yong)(yong)的起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)(dao)火索起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)利用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)使(shi)雷(lei)管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸，進而起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥的起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳(fang)法(fa)(fa)。它所(suo)需的器材(cai)有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管(guan)、導(dao)(dao)線和(he)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網(wang)路(lu)的連(lian)接形式，要根(gen)據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)規(gui)模(mo)、工程的重要性(xing)、所(suo)選起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及其起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能(neng)力(li)(li)(li)等(deng)進行選擇，基(ji)本連(lian)接方(fang)式有(you)：串(chuan)聯(lian)、并聯(lian)、串(chuan)并聯(lian)和(he)并串(chuan)聯(lian)等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)具有(you)較安全(quan)、可靠、準確、高效(xiao)等(deng)優點，在(zai)國內外仍占有(you)較大比重。在(zai)大、中(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)，主要仍是(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特(te)別是(shi)(shi)在(zai)有(you)瓦斯、礦(kuang)塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的環境中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)(shi)主要的起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易(yi)受各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號的干擾(rao)而發生早(zao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因(yin)此(ci)在(zai)有(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高壓(ya)感(gan)應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的環境中(zhong)，不能(neng)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管(guan)。

在(zai)鐵路(lu)(lu)、礦(kuang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、水(shui)庫(ku)等大型工程(cheng)中，爆(bao)破(po)技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用很關鍵很重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)。采(cai)礦(kuang)修(xiu)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開山(shan)(shan)(shan)挖隧道，城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)對舊建(jian)筑物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拆除，都(dou)會(hui)用到(dao)爆(bao)破(po)技術(shu)。隨著經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)、工程(cheng)建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增多，爆(bao)破(po)引起(qi)(qi)了人們更多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關注。爆(bao)破(po)聚能管作為(wei)一(yi)種科學(xue)技術(shu)，應用很廣，但在(zai)工程(cheng)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用無疑是(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)、常見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，采(cai)礦(kuang)開山(shan)(shan)(shan)，修(xiu)鐵路(lu)(lu)、公路(lu)(lu)用鉆爆(bao)法來開掘隧道，水(shui)利工程(cheng)上也用一(yi)些(xie)，城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)里面也使用了，拆除樓房。利用炸(zha)爆(bao)炸(zha)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巨大能量破(po)壞(huai)某種物體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原結(jie)構，這(zhe)種"破(po)壞(huai)"效果(guo)不(bu)是(shi)其他(ta)方法能代替的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，它雖然不(bu)是(shi)獨立完成一(yi)個(ge)工程(cheng)，但卻是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工序(xu)，特別是(shi)石方開挖、礦(kuang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)開采(cai)等工程(cheng)缺少(shao)了這(zhe)個(ge)工序(xu)還不(bu)行。中國(guo)目前有發達的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵路(lu)(lu)和公路(lu)(lu)交通網，可以想象，當初在(zai)修(xiu)這(zhe)些(xie)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候會(hui)遇到(dao)許多高山(shan)(shan)(shan)峻(jun)嶺(ling)，一(yi)座大山(shan)(shan)(shan)橫在(zai)兩地之間，想要(yao)修(xiu)路(lu)(lu)，就必(bi)須讓(rang)這(zhe)座山(shan)(shan)(shan)消失(shi)，這(zhe)個(ge)時候聚能管爆(bao)破(po)就起(qi)(qi)到(dao)決定性(xing)作用了。