施(shi)工(gong)(gong)因其復雜性(xing)、專業(ye)(ye)性(xing)、危險性(xing)，稍有不(bu)(bu)慎(shen)，將(jiang)對人民的(de)(de)(de)(de)生命財產(chan)安全(quan)造成不(bu)(bu)可(ke)估量的(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)失，例如廣(guang)東(dong)宏大寧夏“10.16”、山東(dong)保利“5.20”等重大安全(quan)事故。因此，相較(jiao)其他行業(ye)(ye)，國家出臺的(de)(de)(de)(de)相關(guan)(guan)法律法規多、專、嚴，從爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破材(cai)料（炸(zha)藥、雷管、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)索?管?及相關(guan)(guan)材(cai)料）的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)、購進、運輸(shu)、儲存、發放、布網(wang)、連接(jie)、起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)、排爆(bao)(bao)(bao)等一系列程(cheng)序(xu)均(jun)有嚴格的(de)(de)(de)(de)法律規定和(he)科學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)操作規程(cheng)，并且(qie)相關(guan)(guan)從業(ye)(ye)單(dan)位(wei)和(he)人員均(jun)應取得相應資質(zhi)。做(zuo)為各類爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破中不(bu)(bu)可(ke)或缺的(de)(de)(de)(de)一種導線(xian)(xian)，特(te)別不(bu)(bu)同(tong)于一般的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜，其質(zhi)量要(yao)(yao)求及各項技(ji)術參(can)數也與普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜不(bu)(bu)同(tong)。部分家庭作坊式的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜廠無科學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)工(gong)(gong)藝、無基本的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢測設備、無專業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術人員，甚至不(bu)(bu)知道(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量要(yao)(yao)求和(he)技(ji)術參(can)數，更不(bu)(bu)可(ke)能制訂(ding)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)企業(ye)(ye)標(biao)準，僅憑(ping)簡(jian)陋的(de)(de)(de)(de)設備、以粗糙的(de)(de)(de)(de)模仿(fang)進行生產(chan)經營(ying)活動，致使市場充斥著假冒偽劣產(chan)品，導致爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破中提前或延(yan)遲起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)、盲炮增加且(qie)強(qiang)制排爆(bao)(bao)(bao)困難，給人身安全(quan)和(he)財產(chan)以及正常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)經營(ying)活動造成了不(bu)(bu)可(ke)估量的(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)失。

聚能藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)法特(te)點是(shi)(shi):不需要打眼(yan)(yan)(yan)，因(yin)而不需要購買(mai)打眼(yan)(yan)(yan)設(she)備和(he)動力設(she)備;施(shi)工(gong)簡(jian)(jian)單，施(shi)工(gong)進度比(bi)淺眼(yan)(yan)(yan)爆破(po)(po)(po)法快安全性(xing)比(bi)普通淺眼(yan)(yan)(yan)爆破(po)(po)(po)法和(he)普通裸露藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)法好(hao);勞動強度比(bi)淺眼(yan)(yan)(yan)爆破(po)(po)(po)法低。制造聚能藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)所采(cai)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)炸藥(yao)(yao)(yao)有:黑索金和(he)梯(ti)恩梯(ti)混合熔鑄型;乳化(hua)油炸藥(yao)(yao)(yao)和(he)黑索金混裝(zhuang)(zhuang)型和(he)二號巖石硝鉸炸藥(yao)(yao)(yao)壓(ya)制型。根(gen)據使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結果證明(ming)，選用(yong)密度較(jiao)(jiao)大和(he)爆速較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)炸藥(yao)(yao)(yao)制造聚能藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)能獲得較(jiao)(jiao)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)破(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)效果。這(zhe)主要是(shi)(shi)由(you)于(yu)它加(jia)工(gong)簡(jian)(jian)單和(he)破(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)能力較(jiao)(jiao)大。在礦山由(you)于(yu)二次(ci)破(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)消耗的(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)較(jiao)(jiao)多，而且金屬藥(yao)(yao)(yao)型罩的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)費工(gong)又(you)費材料，所以多不采(cai)用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)型罩。國內(nei)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一種用(yong)于(yu)破(po)(po)(po)碎(sui)大塊的(de)(de)(de)(de)聚能藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)聚能藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)時(shi)，要將(jiang)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)垂直裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在大塊的(de)(de)(de)(de)頂面上(shang)，聚能穴朝下。藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)位置(zhi)應(ying)選在頂面的(de)(de)(de)(de)幾(ji)何中心或(huo)附近較(jiao)(jiao)平(ping)整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地點。然(ran)后在上(shang)面覆蓋泥沙(sha)。

專業爆破多向聚能管是將炸藥裝在聚能管內，兩頭均放置了水袋，聚能管爆炸產生的高溫高壓射流，讓水袋產生“水楔”效應,使圍巖裂縫加劇延伸擴展。它是在水壓光面爆破基礎上發展起來的一項新技術，區別只是在周邊眼中安裝專用線性聚能藥管替代常規爆破藥卷和傳爆線，只要做到七大關鍵環節：水袋挺拔飽滿、炮泥軟硬適中、水袋裝填到底、炮泥回填到口、木棍逐節搗固、水藥緊密相連、槽面必須平行，就能對控制超欠挖起到良好效果。爆破多向聚能管公司在推廣(guang)水壓爆(bao)破(po)的(de)基礎上，去(qu)年9月，水壓聚(ju)能爆(bao)破(po)的(de)成(cheng)果(guo)上，今(jin)年更(geng)為(wei)深入地在興(xing)泉鐵(tie)路大嶺隧(sui)道、牡(mu)佳鐵(tie)路麻山隧(sui)道采用(yong)了(le)此項技術，積累(lei)了(le)成(cheng)功(gong)經(jing)驗。

施工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝嚴(yan)格遵循六字方針(掛滿(man)、貼緊、對準(zhun)(zhun))：(1)要(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)炮眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)打眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)質量,炮眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)必須按技術要(yao)求合理布置。(2)要(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)掏槽眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)以及其他眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)打眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)質量,一定要(yao)在(zai)規(gui)(gui)定位置上(shang)打眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan);二要(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)炮眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)深(shen)度和角度。(3)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)裝藥時(shi)(shi),要(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)乳化炸藥在(zai)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)中空內壁中填充飽滿(man)不(bu)得有空隙出現時(shi)(shi)以產生拒(ju)爆(bao)。(4)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)在(zai)炮眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中裝填時(shi)(shi),要(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)兩條聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽指(zhi)向巷道輪(lun)廓線方向并(bing)且各個炮眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽軸線方面要(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)相互連接在(zai)隧道輪(lun)廓線上(shang)。否則成型(xing)效(xiao)果不(bu)僅不(bu)好(hao),反(fan)而(er)更差。(5)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)炮眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)堵塞(sai)質量。(6)放炮員應提前按規(gui)(gui)定裝好(hao)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)炸藥,并(bing)做好(hao)準(zhun)(zhun)備工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。試用范圍(wei):一級至五級圍(wei)巖的(de)(de)光面爆(bao)破工(gong)(gong)程。

水壓(ya)(ya)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破技(ji)術在(zai)隧(sui)道(dao)(dao)掘進(jin)作(zuo)業中(zhong)的(de)實(shi)(shi)際應(ying)用。提升(sheng)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破水平、嚴抓隧(sui)道(dao)(dao)超挖管控進(jin)行了介紹。聚(ju)能水壓(ya)(ya)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破工(gong)(gong)藝技(ji)術很(hen)成(cheng)熟、可操(cao)作(zuo)性(xing)很(hen)強、材(cai)料成(cheng)本很(hen)低、施工(gong)(gong)速(su)度很(hen)快、節能環保效果很(hen)顯著(zhu)、經(jing)濟效益(yi)社會(hui)效益(yi)很(hen)高。一是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)提高對(dui)推(tui)廣該項技(ji)術重要(yao)(yao)(yao)性(xing)和(he)必(bi)然性(xing)的(de)認(ren)識;二(er)是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)樹(shu)立必(bi)須(xu)采取聚(ju)能水壓(ya)(ya)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破的(de)意識;三是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)堅持培訓、示范、監督“三位一體”;四是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)制(zhi)(zhi)定切實(shi)(shi)的(de)獎懲制(zhi)(zhi)度;五是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)建(jian)立檢查監督機制(zhi)(zhi)，持續促(cu)進(jin)該項技(ji)術的(de)深入推(tui)廣。在(zai)隧(sui)道(dao)(dao)施工(gong)(gong)的(de)現場管理、科技(ji)創(chuang)新、人才培養、經(jing)濟效益(yi)等(deng)方面(mian)(mian)的(de)不足。建(jian)議對(dui)施工(gong)(gong)一線基(ji)礎技(ji)術工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)扎實(shi)(shi)推(tui)進(jin);對(dui)新工(gong)(gong)藝、先進(jin)工(gong)(gong)法(fa)要(yao)(yao)(yao)深入學習鉆研;對(dui)消極(ji)懈(xie)怠、故步自封的(de)思想要(yao)(yao)(yao)堅決抵制(zhi)(zhi)。

在(zai)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中，常(chang)用(yong)(yong)的起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)有(you)：電力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導火索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。電力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)是利用(yong)(yong)電能(neng)(neng)使(shi)雷管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)，進而(er)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)藥的起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)(fa)(fa)。它所需的器材有(you)：電雷管(guan)、導線和(he)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電源。電爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的連(lian)接(jie)形式(shi)，要根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破方法(fa)(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破規模、工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的重要性、所選(xuan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電源及其起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能(neng)(neng)力(li)等(deng)(deng)進行選(xuan)擇，基本(ben)連(lian)接(jie)方式(shi)有(you)：串(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)、并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)、串(chuan)并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)和(he)并(bing)串(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)等(deng)(deng)。電力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)具有(you)較安(an)全、可靠(kao)、準確、高(gao)效(xiao)等(deng)(deng)優(you)點(dian)，在(zai)國內外(wai)仍(reng)占有(you)較大比重。在(zai)大、中型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中，主要仍(reng)是用(yong)(yong)電力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是在(zai)有(you)瓦斯、礦(kuang)塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)的環境中，電力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是主要的起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)。但電力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受各(ge)種電信號的干擾(rao)而(er)發生(sheng)早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在(zai)有(you)雜散電、靜電、雷電、射頻電、高(gao)壓感應電的環境中，不能(neng)(neng)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)普通(tong)電雷管(guan)。