我國于1983年制(zhi)定了(le)(le)《水(shui)工(gong)建(jian)筑物(wu)巖(yan)(yan)行基(ji)礎(chu)開(kai)挖工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)規范》(sD 121l一1983)。自(zi)此(ci)，在水(shui)利(li)水(shui)電建(jian)設中(zhong)預(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)與(yu)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)已成為必須進(jin)(jin)行的保(bao)護邊坡質量(liang)的爆(bao)(bao)破(po)開(kai)挖技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。此(ci)后在此(ci)基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)修訂的《水(shui)工(gong)建(jian)筑物(wu)巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)基(ji)礎(chu)開(kai)挖工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)規范》(SL 47一1994)以及在《水(shui)電水(shui)利(li)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)規范》(DL／T 5135—2001)和《水(shui)工(gong)建(jian)筑物(wu)巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)基(ji)礎(chu)開(kai)挖工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)規范》(DL／T 5389～2007)中(zhong)預(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)與(yu)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)均被編入并(bing)(bing)有所改進(jin)(jin)，DL／T 5135—2001正(zheng)在修編為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵(tie)道部也不僅(jin)規定了(le)(le)凡是Ⅲ級以上(shang)的巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)邊坡，設計(ji)(ji)邊坡坡度為1：0．1～1：0．75，在邊坡部位的爆(bao)(bao)破(po)設計(ji)(ji)和施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)都應采用光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)或預(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)，并(bing)(bing)闡述了(le)(le)光面(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)破(po)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)設計(ji)(ji)的原則和參數、安全措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，而且還明(ming)確了(le)(le)路(lu)(lu)塹邊坡光面(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)破(po)項(xiang)目質量(liang)驗收檢測數量(liang)和檢測方法。無疑該規程(cheng)的實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，有力地(di)推動和促進(jin)(jin)了(le)(le)光面(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)在鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)建(jian)設中(zhong)的應用與(yu)發展。

聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包由炸(zha)(zha)、形(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)、隔板(ban)、殼體、引信和(he)(he)(he)支架(jia)等(deng)部(bu)分組成，其(qi)(qi)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)及(ji)對(dui)(dui)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包威力(li)的(de)(de)(de)影響分述如(ru)下(xia)。1．炸(zha)(zha)，炸(zha)(zha)是(shi)(shi)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管爆(bao)破的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)，炸(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)壓(ya)越(yue)大，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)彈威力(li)越(yue)大；為(wei)得到高(gao)(gao)(gao)爆(bao)壓(ya)，需高(gao)(gao)(gao)爆(bao)速、高(gao)(gao)(gao)密(mi)度的(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)(zha)。常(chang)用(yong)(yong)炸(zha)(zha)有(you)梯(ti)恩(en)梯(ti)、8321炸(zha)(zha)等(deng)，裝(zhuang)方法(fa)有(you)熔(rong)鑄，塑(su)裝(zhuang)和(he)(he)(he)壓(ya)裝(zhuang)多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)。2．型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)是(shi)(shi)把炸(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)炸(zha)(zha)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉化成罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)體材料的(de)(de)(de)射(she)流動(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，從而提高(gao)(gao)(gao)其(qi)(qi)穿(chuan)透和(he)(he)(he)切割能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)。型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)材料必須(xu)滿足四點(dian)要求，即可壓(ya)縮(suo)性小(xiao)、密(mi)度高(gao)(gao)(gao)、塑(su)性和(he)(he)(he)延展性好(hao)，在形(xing)(xing)成射(she)流中(zhong)(zhong)不汽化。大量(liang)試驗證明(ming)，用(yong)(yong)紫(zi)銅制作(zuo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)效果好(hao)，其(qi)(qi)次為(wei)鑄鐵、鋼和(he)(he)(he)陶(tao)瓷。型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)狀多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)多(duo)(duo)樣，主(zhu)要有(you)軸(zhou)對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，如(ru)圓(yuan)錐形(xing)(xing)、半球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)、拋(pao)物線形(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)喇(la)叭形(xing)(xing)等(deng)；面(mian)對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，常(chang)見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)用(yong)(yong)于切割屬板(ban)材的(de)(de)(de)直線形(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)用(yong)(yong)于切割管材的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)形(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)兩種(zhong)；中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，這種(zhong)球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包，中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)有(you)球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)空腔(qiang)和(he)(he)(he)球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)外敷設(she)炸(zha)(zha)，若(ruo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在瞬(shun)間同時起爆(bao)，可在空腔(qiang)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)點(dian)獲得極大的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)集中(zhong)(zhong)。在工程中(zhong)(zhong)常(chang)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)軸(zhou)對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)面(mian)對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)兩類型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)。

在(zai)工程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中，常用的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)有(you)(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導火索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)是(shi)(shi)利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能使雷(lei)管爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)，進(jin)而(er)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)藥的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)。它所需的(de)器材(cai)有(you)(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管、導線(xian)和(he)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網(wang)路的(de)連(lian)接形式，要(yao)根據(ju)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方法(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)規(gui)模(mo)、工程的(de)重要(yao)性、所選起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及(ji)其起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能力(li)等(deng)進(jin)行選擇(ze)，基本(ben)連(lian)接方式有(you)(you)(you)：串聯(lian)、并(bing)聯(lian)、串并(bing)聯(lian)和(he)并(bing)串聯(lian)等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)具有(you)(you)(you)較安(an)全、可(ke)靠、準確、高效等(deng)優點(dian)，在(zai)國內外仍(reng)占有(you)(you)(you)較大(da)比重。在(zai)大(da)、中型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中，主要(yao)仍(reng)是(shi)(shi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特(te)別是(shi)(shi)在(zai)有(you)(you)(you)瓦斯、礦(kuang)塵(chen)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)的(de)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)(shi)主要(yao)的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)號的(de)干(gan)擾而(er)發生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在(zai)有(you)(you)(you)雜(za)散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射(she)頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高壓感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)中，不能使用普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管。

1、先試探性的咨詢制造商銷售人員：您要訂爆破線產品的型號中字母表示意思；規格中的數字表示意思；執行標準中的字母及數字的表示意思。如果制造商銷售人員回答時支支吾吾、一知半解甚至一無所知，可想而知，其生產的產品質量如何。2、爆破多向聚能管廠家任何一種產品都有其適用范圍和一定的使用環境。咨詢您要訂爆破線產品的性能、具體使用辦法、使用環境要求。如果制造商銷售人員給您的答復與您的要求不一致，陽江爆破多向聚能管應(ying)判定為：爆破線(xian)制造(zao)商生產(chan)(chan)(chan)的產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)型(xing)號規格單一(yi)或者(zhe)其生產(chan)(chan)(chan)的產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)只是對其他廠商產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)的簡單模仿。3、正規產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)都有其科學(xue)的生產(chan)(chan)(chan)工(gong)藝(yi)和流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)。原(yuan)材料(liao)合(he)格供(gong)應(ying)商的選擇評定→原(yuan)材料(liao)購進、運輸(shu)、儲存(cun)、保管(guan)→生產(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)質量控(kong)制→不合(he)格品(pin)的處置及(ji)糾正措施→運輸(shu)交(jiao)付→售后服務均有嚴格的操作(zuo)規程(cheng)(cheng)。咨詢爆破線(xian)制造(zao)商銷售人(ren)員任何(he)一(yi)個節點，就可(ke)知其是否有能力(li)（生產(chan)(chan)(chan)管(guan)理水平、專業設(she)備及(ji)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)檢測設(she)備）生產(chan)(chan)(chan)出合(he)格產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)。

施工工藝嚴格遵循六(liu)字方針(掛滿、貼(tie)緊(jin)、對準)：(1)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)炮眼打眼質(zhi)量(liang)(liang),炮眼必(bi)須(xu)按技術要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求合理布置。(2)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)掏槽(cao)眼以及其(qi)他眼眼的打眼質(zhi)量(liang)(liang),一定要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)規定位置上打眼;二要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)炮眼深度和角(jiao)度。(3)聚(ju)(ju)能管(guan)(guan)裝(zhuang)藥時(shi),要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)乳化炸藥在(zai)聚(ju)(ju)能管(guan)(guan)中空內壁中填(tian)充(chong)飽滿不得有(you)空隙出(chu)現(xian)時(shi)以產生拒爆(bao)。(4)聚(ju)(ju)能管(guan)(guan)在(zai)炮眼中裝(zhuang)填(tian)時(shi),要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)聚(ju)(ju)能管(guan)(guan)的兩條(tiao)聚(ju)(ju)能槽(cao)指向巷道輪(lun)廓線(xian)(xian)方向并且(qie)各個炮眼聚(ju)(ju)能管(guan)(guan)的聚(ju)(ju)能槽(cao)軸線(xian)(xian)方面要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)相互連接在(zai)隧道輪(lun)廓線(xian)(xian)上。否則成型效果不僅不好(hao),反(fan)而更差(cha)。(5)保證(zheng)炮眼堵塞質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。(6)放(fang)炮員應提前(qian)按規定裝(zhuang)好(hao)聚(ju)(ju)能管(guan)(guan)的炸藥,并做好(hao)準備工作(zuo)。試(shi)用范圍:一級(ji)至五級(ji)圍巖(yan)的光面爆(bao)破工程。

的(de)軍(jun)事應用(yong)：聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，早在(zai)(zai)二次世(shi)界大(da)(da)戰期間就在(zai)(zai)軍(jun)事方(fang)面廣(guang)泛應用(yong)。國(guo)內(nei)在(zai)(zai)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)破甲(jia)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)如(ru)大(da)(da)錐角(jiao)反艦導彈戰斗部(bu)(bu)和大(da)(da)錐角(jiao)反坦克地雷以及敏感彈戰斗部(bu)(bu)等(deng)方(fang)面取得了較為快速的(de)發展，我國(guo)20世(shi)紀(ji)60年(nian)代打破國(guo)外技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)封鎖獨立自主研發成功原子彈就是得力于(yu)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)轟擊核裝置而引爆(bao)(bao)(bao)原子彈。的(de)民爆(bao)(bao)(bao)應用(yong)——切(qie)槽爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)：聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破用(yong)于(yu)工(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)也是20世(shi)紀(ji)60年(nian)代開始的(de)，首先是瑞典的(de)U﹒Langefors提(ti)出孔壁(bi)切(qie)槽爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破利用(yong)槽口應力集(ji)中定向開裂的(de)設(she)想，后(hou)經(jing)W﹒L﹒Fourney驗證是有效的(de)。70年(nian)代國(guo)外廣(guang)泛研究和應用(yong)了切(qie)槽爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)。