聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)碎法特點(dian)是(shi):不需(xu)要(yao)打(da)(da)眼(yan)，因而不需(xu)要(yao)購買(mai)打(da)(da)眼(yan)設(she)備和(he)(he)動力設(she)備;施工(gong)簡(jian)單，施工(gong)進度(du)(du)比(bi)(bi)淺(qian)眼(yan)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)法快安全性(xing)比(bi)(bi)普通(tong)淺(qian)眼(yan)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)法和(he)(he)普通(tong)裸露藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)法好;勞動強(qiang)度(du)(du)比(bi)(bi)淺(qian)眼(yan)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)法低。制(zhi)造(zao)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)所采(cai)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you):黑索(suo)金和(he)(he)梯恩梯混合熔鑄型(xing)(xing);乳化油炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)和(he)(he)黑索(suo)金混裝型(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)二(er)號巖石硝(xiao)鉸炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)壓制(zhi)型(xing)(xing)。根據使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)結果證明，選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)密度(du)(du)較(jiao)(jiao)大和(he)(he)爆(bao)速較(jiao)(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)制(zhi)造(zao)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)能(neng)獲得(de)較(jiao)(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)破(po)(po)(po)碎效果。這主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)由于(yu)(yu)它加工(gong)簡(jian)單和(he)(he)破(po)(po)(po)碎能(neng)力較(jiao)(jiao)大。在(zai)(zai)礦山由于(yu)(yu)二(er)次(ci)破(po)(po)(po)碎消耗的(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)較(jiao)(jiao)多，而且金屬藥(yao)(yao)(yao)型(xing)(xing)罩的(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)費(fei)工(gong)又費(fei)材(cai)料，所以多不采(cai)用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)型(xing)(xing)罩。國內生產的(de)(de)(de)一種用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)破(po)(po)(po)碎大塊的(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)，裝置聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)時，要(yao)將藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)垂直(zhi)裝在(zai)(zai)大塊的(de)(de)(de)頂面(mian)上，聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)穴朝下。藥(yao)(yao)(yao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)位置應選(xuan)(xuan)在(zai)(zai)頂面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)幾何中心或附(fu)近較(jiao)(jiao)平(ping)整的(de)(de)(de)地點(dian)。然后在(zai)(zai)上面(mian)覆(fu)蓋泥沙。

施工工藝嚴格遵循六字方(fang)(fang)針(掛滿、貼緊、對準)：(1)要(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)打(da)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)質量(liang),炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)必須按技(ji)術要(yao)(yao)(yao)求合理布置(zhi)。(2)要(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)掏槽眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)以及其他眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的打(da)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)質量(liang),一(yi)定要(yao)(yao)(yao)在規定位(wei)置(zhi)上打(da)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan);二要(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)深度(du)和角度(du)。(3)聚(ju)能管(guan)(guan)裝藥(yao)時(shi)(shi),要(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)乳化炸藥(yao)在聚(ju)能管(guan)(guan)中(zhong)空內壁中(zhong)填充飽滿不(bu)得(de)有空隙(xi)出(chu)現時(shi)(shi)以產生(sheng)拒爆(bao)。(4)聚(ju)能管(guan)(guan)在炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)裝填時(shi)(shi),要(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)聚(ju)能管(guan)(guan)的兩條聚(ju)能槽指向(xiang)巷道輪(lun)廓線方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)并(bing)且各個炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)聚(ju)能管(guan)(guan)的聚(ju)能槽軸(zhou)線方(fang)(fang)面要(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)相互連(lian)接(jie)在隧道輪(lun)廓線上。否則成(cheng)型效果不(bu)僅不(bu)好(hao),反而更(geng)差。(5)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)堵塞(sai)質量(liang)。(6)放(fang)炮(pao)(pao)員應(ying)提前按規定裝好(hao)聚(ju)能管(guan)(guan)的炸藥(yao),并(bing)做好(hao)準備(bei)工作(zuo)。試用范圍:一(yi)級至五級圍巖(yan)的光面爆(bao)破工程。

專業爆破聚能管預裂與光面爆破技術的歷史與現狀：預裂爆破是沿設計開挖邊界布置密集炮孔，采取不耦合裝藥或裝填低威力炸藥，在主爆區之前起爆，從而在爆區與保留區之間形成預裂縫，以減弱主爆破對保留巖體的破壞并形成平整輪廓面的爆破作業。爆破聚能管廠家光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破是沿(yan)設計開(kai)挖(wa)邊(bian)界布設密集(ji)炮孔，采用(yong)不(bu)耦合裝藥(yao)或裝填低威力炸藥(yao)，在(zai)主爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破之后起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)以形(xing)成平整的(de)開(kai)挖(wa)輪廓面(mian)的(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破作業。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破技術(shu)的(de)發展是先(xian)出現(xian)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破，然(ran)后衍(yan)生發展為預裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破。聚(ju)能管(guan)國(guo)(guo)內歷(li)史與現(xian)狀，我國(guo)(guo)于1964～1965年(nian)在(zai)湖北陸(lu)水(shui)水(shui)電(dian)站施工(gong)中做過淺孔預裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破試驗，1965年(nian)鐵(tie)道部門在(zai)成昆鐵(tie)路(lu)建設中開(kai)始試驗光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破，1977年(nian)在(zai)西延線張(zhang)家(jia)船工(gong)點，全長近200m的(de)2000m2路(lu)塹邊(bian)坡全部采用(yong)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破后邊(bian)坡平整穩定，殘(can)留的(de)半(ban)孔清晰可見，是鐵(tie)路(lu)建設中采用(yong)路(lu)塹光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破。

給大家介紹下爆(bao)破聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)的技術原(yuan)理∶炸藥(yao)爆(bao)炸產生(sheng)的爆(bao)轟波通過聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)的聚(ju)能(neng)槽，將炸藥(yao)的動能(neng)、勢能(neng)轉換成(cheng)高壓(ya)、高速、高能(neng)的射流，切(qie)割(ge)演(yan)示成(cheng)縫(feng)。射流在孔壁產生(sheng)射流壓(ya)力達(da)7000MPa，巖石動載(zai)抗(kang)壓(ya)強(qiang)(qiang)度為200MPa，抗(kang)拉為1/8～1/10的抗(kang)壓(ya)強(qiang)(qiang)度，相(xiang)鄰(lin)兩炮(pao)(pao)孔互為鄰(lin)空面，疊加后的壓(ya)縮波變為稀疏(shu)波，在兩炮(pao)(pao)眼連(lian)線上(shang)使(shi)巖石結構(gou)斷(duan)裂，形成(cheng)裂紋。準靜態氣(qi)體(ti)膨脹，靜態壓(ya)力在兩炮(pao)(pao)孔最(zui)短連(lian)線兩側產生(sheng)拉力使(shi)巖石裂縫(feng)進一步擴(kuo)展。根據(ju)爆(bao)破應(ying)力集(ji)中(zhong)氣(qi)刃作(zuo)用原(yuan)則，爆(bao)破氣(qi)體(ti)沿(yan)裂縫(feng)進一步擴(kuo)大貫通，拋(pao)落巖石。