是由管體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)、前錐形定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)帽(mao)、后(hou)(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)堵(du)構成(cheng)，管體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)為塑性材料制(zhi)成(cheng)，呈管狀，管體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)小于正常炮(pao)眼(yan)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)，長度(du)可(ke)隨(sui)爆破需(xu)要生(sheng)產，管體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)兩端各有(you)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)螺(luo)紋，兩端外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)螺(luo)紋間有(you)一(yi)(yi)縱向(xiang)切(qie)(qie)縫，切(qie)(qie)縫間等距(ju)有(you)加強筋，前錐形定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)帽(mao)呈傘狀，傘形尖有(you)一(yi)(yi)光孔，兩側直壁內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)有(you)螺(luo)紋，與管體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)前端螺(luo)紋配合(he)，帽(mao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)大于管體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，后(hou)(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)堵(du)為一(yi)(yi)封蓋，外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)直徑(jing)(jing)大于管體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)，與前錐形定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)帽(mao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)一(yi)(yi)致(zhi)，后(hou)(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)堵(du)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)有(you)螺(luo)紋，與管體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)后(hou)(hou)端螺(luo)紋配合(he)。可(ke)根據炮(pao)眼(yan)深度(du)采用(yong)合(he)適的(de)聚能(neng)管管體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，不需(xu)其他工具(ju)幫助送入炮(pao)眼(yan)，切(qie)(qie)縫方向(xiang)準確，兩端的(de)前錐形定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)帽(mao)和(he)后(hou)(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)堵(du)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)與炮(pao)眼(yan)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)一(yi)(yi)致(zhi)，保(bao)證聚能(neng)管管體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)同(tong)心(xin)，定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)向(xiang)準確。且(qie)利于工業化(hua)生(sheng)產，作(zuo)業安全

專用深孔爆破多向聚能管水壓光面爆破技術在隧道掘進作業中的實際應用。提升光面爆破水平、嚴抓隧道超挖管控進行了介紹。聚能水壓光面爆破工藝技術很成熟、可操作性很強、材料成本很低、施工速度很快、節能環保效果很顯著、經濟效益社會效益很高。一是要提高對推廣該項技術重要性和必然性的認識;二是要樹立必須采取聚能水壓光面爆破的意識;三是要堅持培訓、示范、監督“三位一體”;四是要制定切實的獎懲制度;五是要建立檢查監督機制，持續促進該項技術的深入推廣。深孔爆破多向聚能管公司在隧道施工的現(xian)場管理、科技創新(xin)(xin)、人才培養、經濟效益等(deng)方面(mian)的不足。建議(yi)對施工一線基(ji)礎技術工作扎實推進;對新(xin)(xin)工藝、先(xian)進工法要深入學習鉆研;對消極懈怠、故(gu)步(bu)自封的思想(xiang)要堅決(jue)抵制。

發(fa)揮巨(ju)大效(xiao)(xiao)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵又在(zai)其(qi)上(shang)(shang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)“聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)”上(shang)(shang)。項目部(bu)(bu)目前采用的(de)(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管有(you)兩(liang)個(ge)“聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)”，通過(guo)這兩(liang)個(ge)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用讓爆炸的(de)(de)(de)(de)威(wei)力在(zai)隧道中(zhong)切(qie)割出十分平順的(de)(de)(de)(de)輪廓線，的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)了(le)(le)爆破(po)量，有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)管控(kong)了(le)(le)超挖欠(qian)挖的(de)(de)(de)(de)現象。為了(le)(le)進一步嚴格控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)開(kai)挖輪廓，達到提高光(guang)面爆破(po)效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)，并(bing)研究出了(le)(le)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管上(shang)(shang)兩(liang)個(ge)“聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)”變(bian)為三個(ge)“聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)明(ming)(ming)設(she)(she)計，目前，該(gai)發(fa)明(ming)(ming)設(she)(she)計已(yi)經(jing)(jing)進入(ru)到了(le)(le)試(shi)生產階(jie)段。未來(lai)，三“聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)”設(she)(she)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)水壓爆破(po)技術將推(tui)動中(zhong)鐵(tie)(tie)十四(si)(si)局四(si)(si)公司張吉懷鐵(tie)(tie)路項目部(bu)(bu)施(shi)工(gong)開(kai)展邁上(shang)(shang)一個(ge)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)臺階(jie)，給(gei)項目部(bu)(bu)帶來(lai)巨(ju)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)濟效(xiao)(xiao)益。工(gong)程爆破(po)技術經(jing)(jing)過(guo)幾十年的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展，已(yi)經(jing)(jing)滲透到經(jing)(jing)濟建設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)眾多領域，特(te)別為中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)路建設(she)(she)、礦(kuang)山開(kai)采、城市拆舊定向爆破(po)等(deng)做(zuo)出了(le)(le)重要貢獻。

火(huo)(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)，導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)是利(li)用導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)傳遞(di)火(huo)(huo)(huo)焰(yan)點燃(ran)火(huo)(huo)(huo)雷(lei)管(guan)(guan)進而起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)。這(zhe)種起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)所需的(de)材(cai)料(liao)有(you)：導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)、火(huo)(huo)(huo)雷(lei)管(guan)(guan)和(he)點火(huo)(huo)(huo)材(cai)料(liao)。導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)操作簡(jian)單(dan)(dan)、靈活，使用方(fang)便(bian)，成本較低，廣(guang)泛應用于(yu)小型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破和(he)掘進。由于(yu)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)索(suo)(suo)的(de)速燃(ran)、緩燃(ran)等(deng)(deng)弊病，在爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中事(shi)故所占(zhan)比(bi)重最大(da)。不能(neng)多(duo)處(chu)裝藥(yao)(yao)同(tong)時(shi)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)，用導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)直接(jie)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)包的(de)方(fang)法(fa)叫導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)。先(xian)用雷(lei)管(guan)(guan)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)，當導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)的(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)轟波傳至炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)包時(shi)，將炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)引(yin)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。在需要延時(shi)分段起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)地方(fang)，將導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)中接(jie)入(ru)繼爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)，就能(neng)達(da)到導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)毫秒(miao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破的(de)目的(de)。這(zhe)種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破法(fa)所需起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)材(cai)料(liao)有(you)：雷(lei)管(guan)(guan)、導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)和(he)繼爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)等(deng)(deng)。導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路常(chang)用的(de)有(you)：串聯(lian)、簇并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)、單(dan)(dan)向(xiang)分段并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)和(he)雙向(xiang)分段并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)等(deng)(deng)。

我國于1983年制(zhi)定(ding)了(le)《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物巖(yan)(yan)(yan)行基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)開挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)》(sD 121l一(yi)1983)。自此(ci)，在(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)利(li)水(shui)(shui)電建(jian)設(she)中預裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)與光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)已成(cheng)為(wei)必須進行的保護邊(bian)坡(po)(po)質(zhi)量的爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)開挖(wa)技(ji)術措施。此(ci)后在(zai)(zai)此(ci)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)上修訂的《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物巖(yan)(yan)(yan)石(shi)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)開挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)》(SL 47一(yi)1994)以(yi)及在(zai)(zai)《水(shui)(shui)電水(shui)(shui)利(li)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5135—2001)和《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物巖(yan)(yan)(yan)石(shi)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)開挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5389～2007)中預裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)與光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)均被編入并(bing)有所改(gai)進，DL／T 5135—2001正在(zai)(zai)修編為(wei)DL／T 5135—2012。鐵(tie)道部也(ye)不僅規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)了(le)凡(fan)是Ⅲ級(ji)以(yi)上的巖(yan)(yan)(yan)石(shi)邊(bian)坡(po)(po)，設(she)計(ji)邊(bian)坡(po)(po)坡(po)(po)度為(wei)1：0．1～1：0．75，在(zai)(zai)邊(bian)坡(po)(po)部位的爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)設(she)計(ji)和施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都應(ying)采用光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)或預裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，并(bing)闡述了(le)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(預裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術設(she)計(ji)的原則和參數、安全措施，而且還明確(que)了(le)路塹邊(bian)坡(po)(po)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(預裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)項(xiang)目質(zhi)量驗收檢測數量和檢測方法。無疑該(gai)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)的實施，有力地推動和促進了(le)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(預裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)術在(zai)(zai)鐵(tie)路建(jian)設(she)中的應(ying)用與發(fa)展。