聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包由炸(zha)、形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)、隔板、殼體、引信和(he)(he)支(zhi)架等部分組成，其(qi)(qi)(qi)作用(yong)(yong)及對(dui)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包威力(li)的(de)(de)影響分述(shu)如下(xia)。1．炸(zha)，炸(zha)是(shi)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管爆(bao)破(po)的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源，炸(zha)的(de)(de)爆(bao)壓(ya)越大(da)，聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)彈威力(li)越大(da)；為得到高(gao)爆(bao)壓(ya)，需高(gao)爆(bao)速、高(gao)密度(du)的(de)(de)炸(zha)。常(chang)用(yong)(yong)炸(zha)有(you)(you)梯(ti)恩梯(ti)、8321炸(zha)等，裝方法有(you)(you)熔(rong)鑄，塑裝和(he)(he)壓(ya)裝多種(zhong)。2．型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)是(shi)把(ba)炸(zha)的(de)(de)爆(bao)炸(zha)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)化(hua)成罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)體材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)射流動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，從而提高(gao)其(qi)(qi)(qi)穿透(tou)和(he)(he)切(qie)割(ge)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)。型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)必須滿足四點要(yao)求，即可壓(ya)縮性小(xiao)、密度(du)高(gao)、塑性和(he)(he)延展(zhan)性好(hao)，在(zai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成射流中(zhong)不汽化(hua)。大(da)量試驗證(zheng)明，用(yong)(yong)紫銅制作型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)效果好(hao)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)次為鑄鐵、鋼和(he)(he)陶瓷。型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀多種(zhong)多樣，主要(yao)有(you)(you)軸對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，如圓錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、半球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、拋物(wu)線(xian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)喇叭形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等；面對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，常(chang)見的(de)(de)有(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)切(qie)割(ge)屬板材(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)直線(xian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)切(qie)割(ge)管材(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)環(huan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)兩(liang)種(zhong)；中(zhong)心(xin)對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，這(zhe)種(zhong)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包，中(zhong)心(xin)有(you)(you)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)空腔和(he)(he)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)外(wai)敷設(she)炸(zha)，若能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)瞬間同時(shi)起爆(bao)，可在(zai)空腔中(zhong)心(xin)點獲得極大(da)的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量集中(zhong)。在(zai)工程中(zhong)常(chang)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)是(shi)軸對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)面對(dui)稱(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)兩(liang)類型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)。

是(shi)(shi)將炸藥裝(zhuang)在(zai)(zai)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)內(nei)，兩頭均放置了(le)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)袋(dai)，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)爆(bao)炸產(chan)生(sheng)的高(gao)溫高(gao)壓(ya)射流(liu)，讓水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)袋(dai)產(chan)生(sheng)“水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)楔”效應,使圍巖裂縫(feng)加劇延(yan)伸擴展。它是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光面爆(bao)破(po)基(ji)礎(chu)上發展起來的一項(xiang)新技術，區(qu)別(bie)只是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)周(zhou)邊眼中安裝(zhuang)專用線性聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)藥管(guan)(guan)替代常規爆(bao)破(po)藥卷和傳爆(bao)線，只要做到(dao)七大關鍵環節：水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)袋(dai)挺(ting)拔(ba)飽滿、炮(pao)泥(ni)軟(ruan)硬適中、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)袋(dai)裝(zhuang)填到(dao)底、炮(pao)泥(ni)回填到(dao)口、木棍(gun)逐節搗固(gu)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)藥緊(jin)密(mi)相連、槽面必須平行，就能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)對控制超欠(qian)挖起到(dao)良好效果(guo)(guo)。在(zai)(zai)推廣水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)爆(bao)破(po)的基(ji)礎(chu)上，去年9月，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)爆(bao)破(po)的成(cheng)果(guo)(guo)上，今年更為深入地在(zai)(zai)興泉鐵路(lu)大嶺隧(sui)道、牡(mu)佳鐵路(lu)麻(ma)山隧(sui)道采用了(le)此項(xiang)技術，積累了(le)成(cheng)功經驗。

對(dui)(dui)(dui)于爆(bao)破作業(ye)安(an)全(quan)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究,是(shi)(shi)從兩(liang)個方(fang)面去考慮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，一方(fang)面是(shi)(shi)炸和(he)起爆(bao)器材以(yi)(yi)及對(dui)(dui)(dui)其爆(bao)炸所造成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)破壞作用進(jin)行限制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)技(ji)術,這是(shi)(shi)主動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。另一個方(fang)面是(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)爆(bao)破所產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危害采取(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防護措施,這是(shi)(shi)被動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一個方(fang)面。兩(liang)者對(dui)(dui)(dui)阻止爆(bao)破帶(dai)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)破壞性有同(tong)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)性,但在具體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)破工程中,則常常會(hui)有變化不定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現象和(he)后果,因(yin)此,必須對(dui)(dui)(dui)每一項(xiang)工程破壞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具體情況作細致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分析研(yan)究,從而采取(qu)適(shi)當的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)(dui)(dui)策。同(tong)時，雖然技(ji)術不斷取(qu)得進(jin)步，須在操作過程中注意每個工序(xu)，按照安(an)全(quan)規(gui)(gui)程認真作業(ye)。只要(yao)嚴(yan)格遵(zun)守安(an)全(quan)規(gui)(gui)程、正確地(di)采取(qu)安(an)全(quan)技(ji)術措施和(he)防護措施,任(ren)何規(gui)(gui)模、任(ren)何種類的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)破是(shi)(shi)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)確保安(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。一些安(an)全(quan)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條文是(shi)(shi)有經驗教(jiao)訓和(he)理論(lun)根據的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)甚至(zhi)是(shi)(shi)血的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)訓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總結，所以(yi)(yi)一定(ding)(ding)要(yao)克服麻痹思(si)想，嚴(yan)格執行安(an)全(quan)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)，決不能以(yi)(yi)沒(mei)出(chu)過事故而輕率(lv)地(di)"突破"規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)"框(kuang)框(kuang)"。

是(shi)由管(guan)體(ti)(ti)、前(qian)(qian)(qian)錐(zhui)形定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)、后定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵(du)構成，管(guan)體(ti)(ti)為塑性材料制成，呈(cheng)管(guan)狀，管(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)小于正(zheng)常炮(pao)眼內徑(jing)(jing)，長度可隨爆(bao)破需要生產，管(guan)體(ti)(ti)兩(liang)(liang)端(duan)各有(you)外(wai)螺(luo)紋，兩(liang)(liang)端(duan)外(wai)螺(luo)紋間(jian)有(you)一(yi)(yi)縱向切縫(feng)，切縫(feng)間(jian)等距有(you)加(jia)強(qiang)筋，前(qian)(qian)(qian)錐(zhui)形定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)呈(cheng)傘(san)狀，傘(san)形尖有(you)一(yi)(yi)光孔，兩(liang)(liang)側直壁(bi)內徑(jing)(jing)有(you)螺(luo)紋，與管(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)前(qian)(qian)(qian)端(duan)螺(luo)紋配合(he)，帽(mao)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)大(da)于管(guan)體(ti)(ti)，后定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵(du)為一(yi)(yi)封蓋，外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)直徑(jing)(jing)大(da)于管(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)，與前(qian)(qian)(qian)錐(zhui)形定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)一(yi)(yi)致，后定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵(du)內徑(jing)(jing)有(you)螺(luo)紋，與管(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)后端(duan)螺(luo)紋配合(he)。可根據炮(pao)眼深(shen)度采(cai)用合(he)適(shi)的聚(ju)能管(guan)管(guan)體(ti)(ti)，不需其他工(gong)具(ju)幫助送入炮(pao)眼，切縫(feng)方向準確(que)，兩(liang)(liang)端(duan)的前(qian)(qian)(qian)錐(zhui)形定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)和后定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵(du)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)與炮(pao)眼內徑(jing)(jing)一(yi)(yi)致，保證聚(ju)能管(guan)管(guan)體(ti)(ti)同心，定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)向準確(que)。且(qie)利于工(gong)業化生產，作業安全

專業礦用型雙向聚能管水壓光面爆破技術，是在水壓光面爆破技術基礎上發展起來的一項新技術，其掏槽眼、輔助眼裝藥結構和爆破方式與水壓光面爆破相同，但在周邊眼中安裝專用聚能管裝置替代常規爆破藥卷和傳爆線，利用聚能管產生的粒子射流動能、高壓爆破氣體應力及“氣楔”作用，形成平整圓順的開挖輪廓面，對控制超欠挖具有良好效果，有效提升了隧道施工質量、進度和經濟效益。泰州礦用型雙向聚能管科學合理地利用(yong)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)，提高能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)利用(yong)效率，對(dui)節能(neng)(neng)減排(pai)也(ye)十分重要。利用(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管兩端的(de)水平開(kai)出的(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽產(chan)生的(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)射流效應(ying)對(dui)巖石進行破碎。據專家測算(suan)，由于聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管兩端聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽產(chan)生的(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)切割效應(ying)，其能(neng)(neng)效比提升一個量級(ji)。