專業礦用型聚能管是將炸藥裝在聚能管內，兩頭均放置了水袋，聚能管爆炸產生的高溫高壓射流，讓水袋產生“水楔”效應,使圍巖裂縫加劇延伸擴展。它是在水壓光面爆破基礎上發展起來的一項新技術，區別只是在周邊眼中安裝專用線性聚能藥管替代常規爆破藥卷和傳爆線，只要做到七大關鍵環節：水袋挺拔飽滿、炮泥軟硬適中、水袋裝填到底、炮泥回填到口、木棍逐節搗固、水藥緊密相連、槽面必須平行，就能對控制超欠挖起到良好效果。礦用型聚能管公司在(zai)推廣水壓爆破的基礎上，去年9月，水壓聚能爆破的成(cheng)果上，今年更為深入地在(zai)興泉(quan)鐵路(lu)大嶺隧道、牡佳鐵路(lu)麻山(shan)隧道采用(yong)了(le)此項(xiang)技術，積累了(le)成(cheng)功經驗。

水壓(ya)(ya)光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)發展起來的一項(xiang)新技(ji)術，其掏槽(cao)眼、輔助眼裝藥結構和(he)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方式與水壓(ya)(ya)光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)相同，但在(zai)周邊眼中安(an)裝專用線(xian)性聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)藥管替代常規爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)藥卷和(he)傳爆(bao)(bao)(bao)線(xian)，利用線(xian)性聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)藥管產(chan)生的粒子(zi)射(she)流動能(neng)(neng)、高壓(ya)(ya)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)氣體應力及“氣楔”作用，形成平整圓順的開挖輪廓面，對控制超欠挖具(ju)有良好效(xiao)果，有效(xiao)提升(sheng)了隧道施工質量(liang)(liang)、進度和(he)經濟效(xiao)益(yi)。水壓(ya)(ya)光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)較水壓(ya)(ya)光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)，在(zai)周邊眼單循(xun)環(huan)火工品(pin)使(shi)用量(liang)(liang)上(shang)節(jie)(jie)約(yue)費用8.3%，周邊眼鉆孔數量(liang)(liang)從39個(ge)下降為23個(ge)費用節(jie)(jie)約(yue)41%，混凝土噴射(she)每(mei)延(yan)米節(jie)(jie)約(yue)1.37立方米。聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)水壓(ya)(ya)光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)比(bi)水壓(ya)(ya)光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)每(mei)循(xun)環(huan)節(jie)(jie)約(yue)費用258.4元，即每(mei)延(yan)米節(jie)(jie)約(yue)76較元，節(jie)(jie)約(yue)費用比(bi)例達32%。此外(wai)，聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)水壓(ya)(ya)光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)能(neng)(neng)有效(xiao)降低(di)隧道內石渣塊度和(he)粉(fen)塵含量(liang)(liang)，還可(ke)使(shi)通(tong)風時間有效(xiao)縮短33%。

給大家介紹下爆(bao)(bao)破(po)聚(ju)(ju)能管的(de)技術原理(li)∶炸藥(yao)爆(bao)(bao)炸產生的(de)爆(bao)(bao)轟(hong)波通過聚(ju)(ju)能管的(de)聚(ju)(ju)能槽(cao)，將炸藥(yao)的(de)動能、勢能轉換成(cheng)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)、高(gao)(gao)速(su)、高(gao)(gao)能的(de)射(she)流，切(qie)割演示(shi)成(cheng)縫。射(she)流在(zai)孔(kong)壁產生射(she)流壓(ya)力(li)達(da)7000MPa，巖(yan)石(shi)動載抗壓(ya)強度(du)為200MPa，抗拉(la)為1/8～1/10的(de)抗壓(ya)強度(du)，相鄰兩(liang)(liang)炮孔(kong)互為鄰空面，疊加后的(de)壓(ya)縮波變為稀疏波，在(zai)兩(liang)(liang)炮眼連線上使巖(yan)石(shi)結(jie)構斷裂，形成(cheng)裂紋(wen)。準靜(jing)態氣(qi)(qi)體膨(peng)脹，靜(jing)態壓(ya)力(li)在(zai)兩(liang)(liang)炮孔(kong)最(zui)短連線兩(liang)(liang)側產生拉(la)力(li)使巖(yan)石(shi)裂縫進(jin)一(yi)步擴(kuo)展。根(gen)據爆(bao)(bao)破(po)應力(li)集中氣(qi)(qi)刃(ren)作用原則，爆(bao)(bao)破(po)氣(qi)(qi)體沿裂縫進(jin)一(yi)步擴(kuo)大貫通，拋落巖(yan)石(shi)。

我國于(yu)1983年(nian)制定了(le)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)巖行基(ji)(ji)礎開(kai)(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術規(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)》(sD 121l一1983)。自(zi)此(ci)(ci)，在(zai)(zai)水(shui)利(li)水(shui)電建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)中預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)與光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)已成為必須(xu)進行的(de)(de)(de)保護邊(bian)(bian)坡質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)開(kai)(kai)挖技(ji)術措(cuo)施(shi)。此(ci)(ci)后在(zai)(zai)此(ci)(ci)基(ji)(ji)礎上修訂的(de)(de)(de)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)巖石(shi)基(ji)(ji)礎開(kai)(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術規(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)》(SL 47一1994)以(yi)及在(zai)(zai)《水(shui)電水(shui)利(li)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術規(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)》(DL／T 5135—2001)和(he)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)巖石(shi)基(ji)(ji)礎開(kai)(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術規(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)》(DL／T 5389～2007)中預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)與光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)均被(bei)編入并有所改進，DL／T 5135—2001正在(zai)(zai)修編為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道(dao)部(bu)也(ye)不僅(jin)規(gui)(gui)定了(le)凡是Ⅲ級以(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)巖石(shi)邊(bian)(bian)坡，設(she)(she)計(ji)邊(bian)(bian)坡坡度為1：0．1～1：0．75，在(zai)(zai)邊(bian)(bian)坡部(bu)位的(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)設(she)(she)計(ji)和(he)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都應(ying)采(cai)用光(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)或預(yu)(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)，并闡述了(le)光(guang)(guang)面(預(yu)(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術設(she)(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)原則和(he)參數、安全措(cuo)施(shi)，而且還(huan)明確(que)了(le)路(lu)(lu)塹(qian)邊(bian)(bian)坡光(guang)(guang)面(預(yu)(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)項目質量(liang)驗收檢測(ce)(ce)數量(liang)和(he)檢測(ce)(ce)方法。無疑該規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)施(shi)，有力(li)地(di)推(tui)動和(he)促進了(le)光(guang)(guang)面(預(yu)(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術在(zai)(zai)鐵路(lu)(lu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)中的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用與發展。