我(wo)國于1983年(nian)制(zhi)定了(le)《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建筑物巖行基(ji)礎(chu)開(kai)挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)(gui)范》(sD 121l一1983)。自此(ci)(ci)，在(zai)水(shui)(shui)利水(shui)(shui)電建設中(zhong)預(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)破(po)與光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)已(yi)成為(wei)必須進(jin)行的(de)保護(hu)邊(bian)坡質(zhi)量的(de)爆(bao)破(po)開(kai)挖(wa)技(ji)術(shu)措施(shi)。此(ci)(ci)后在(zai)此(ci)(ci)基(ji)礎(chu)上修訂(ding)的(de)《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建筑物巖石基(ji)礎(chu)開(kai)挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)(gui)范》(SL 47一1994)以(yi)及在(zai)《水(shui)(shui)電水(shui)(shui)利爆(bao)破(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)(gui)范》(DL／T 5135—2001)和(he)《水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建筑物巖石基(ji)礎(chu)開(kai)挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)(gui)范》(DL／T 5389～2007)中(zhong)預(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)破(po)與光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)均被編(bian)(bian)入并(bing)有所改進(jin)，DL／T 5135—2001正在(zai)修編(bian)(bian)為(wei)DL／T 5135—2012。鐵(tie)道部(bu)也不僅規(gui)(gui)定了(le)凡是Ⅲ級(ji)以(yi)上的(de)巖石邊(bian)坡，設計(ji)邊(bian)坡坡度為(wei)1：0．1～1：0．75，在(zai)邊(bian)坡部(bu)位的(de)爆(bao)破(po)設計(ji)和(he)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都(dou)應(ying)采(cai)用光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)或預(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)破(po)，并(bing)闡(chan)述了(le)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)破(po)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)設計(ji)的(de)原(yuan)則(ze)和(he)參數(shu)、安全措施(shi)，而且還明(ming)確了(le)路塹邊(bian)坡光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)破(po)項目質(zhi)量驗(yan)收(shou)檢測數(shu)量和(he)檢測方法。無疑該規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)實施(shi)，有力地推動和(he)促進(jin)了(le)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)在(zai)鐵(tie)路建設中(zhong)的(de)應(ying)用與發展。

在(zai)工程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中，常用(yong)的(de)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)(dao)火索起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)利(li)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)使雷管(guan)(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)，進而(er)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)藥的(de)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)(fa)。它所(suo)需(xu)的(de)器材有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管(guan)(guan)、導(dao)(dao)線和(he)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的(de)連接(jie)形式(shi)，要(yao)根據(ju)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破方法(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破規模、工程的(de)重要(yao)性、所(suo)選(xuan)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)及其起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能(neng)力等進行選(xuan)擇，基本連接(jie)方式(shi)有(you)(you)：串(chuan)(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)、并聯(lian)(lian)、串(chuan)(chuan)并聯(lian)(lian)和(he)并串(chuan)(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)具有(you)(you)較安全、可靠、準確(que)、高效等優(you)點，在(zai)國內外仍(reng)占有(you)(you)較大比重。在(zai)大、中型(xing)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中，主(zhu)要(yao)仍(reng)是(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是(shi)在(zai)有(you)(you)瓦斯、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)的(de)環(huan)境(jing)中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)。但(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容(rong)易受各(ge)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)信號的(de)干擾而(er)發生(sheng)早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在(zai)有(you)(you)雜(za)散電(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)、高壓感應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)環(huan)境(jing)中，不能(neng)使用(yong)普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管(guan)(guan)。

各(ge)種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)器(qi)材銷(xiao)毀(hui)以及爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)器(qi)材意外爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸時，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)源與人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)和其他保護(hu)對象(xiang)之間的(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)稱為爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)應(ying)(ying)(ying)取各(ge)種(zhong)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)（地(di)震(zhen)(zhen)、沖擊波、飛(fei)石、有毒氣體等）分別核定的(de)大值。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)時，必然產生爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地(di)震(zhen)(zhen)、空氣沖擊波、碎石飛(fei)散(san)及有害(hai)氣體，因此，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)設計(ji)時必須確(que)(que)定爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)危害(hai)范圍，并確(que)(que)定爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)點(dian)到附近人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)、設備、建筑物及井巷等的(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)，這(zhe)一段(duan)(duan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)就稱為爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)。如何控制好這(zhe)段(duan)(duan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)就顯的(de)尤為重要。為保證爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地(di)點(dian)與人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)或(huo)其他應(ying)(ying)(ying)保護(hu)對象(xiang)之間必須保持短的(de)相隔長(chang)度。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)有害(hai)效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)隨距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)增加有規律地(di)衰減，用(yong)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)作為安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)尺度可限(xian)(xian)定爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)有害(hai)效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)在允許限(xian)(xian)度之內。中國《爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)規程》規定了爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)地(di)震(zhen)(zhen)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)，個別飛(fei)散(san)物安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)，以及爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸沖擊波的(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)(ju)離(li)(li)(li)(li)。

1、先試探性的(de)咨詢(xun)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)商(shang)(shang)銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)人員(yuan)(yuan)：您要(yao)(yao)訂(ding)爆(bao)破(po)線產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)型號中(zhong)字母(mu)(mu)表示(shi)(shi)意思；規(gui)(gui)格(ge)(ge)中(zhong)的(de)數字表示(shi)(shi)意思；執(zhi)行標準中(zhong)的(de)字母(mu)(mu)及(ji)數字的(de)表示(shi)(shi)意思。如果制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)商(shang)(shang)銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)人員(yuan)(yuan)回答時支支吾吾、一(yi)(yi)知半解甚至(zhi)一(yi)(yi)無所知，可(ke)想(xiang)而知，其生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質量(liang)如何(he)。2、任何(he)一(yi)(yi)種產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)都(dou)有(you)(you)其適(shi)用范圍和一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)使用環境。咨詢(xun)您要(yao)(yao)訂(ding)爆(bao)破(po)線產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)性能、具體使用辦(ban)法、使用環境要(yao)(yao)求。如果制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)商(shang)(shang)銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)人員(yuan)(yuan)給(gei)您的(de)答復與您的(de)要(yao)(yao)求不一(yi)(yi)致，應判定(ding)(ding)為：爆(bao)破(po)線制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)商(shang)(shang)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)型號規(gui)(gui)格(ge)(ge)單一(yi)(yi)或者其生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)只是對其他廠商(shang)(shang)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)簡單模仿。3、正規(gui)(gui)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)都(dou)有(you)(you)其科學的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)工藝和流程。原(yuan)材料合格(ge)(ge)供應商(shang)(shang)的(de)選擇評(ping)定(ding)(ding)→原(yuan)材料購進(jin)、運輸、儲存、保管→生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過程質量(liang)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)→不合格(ge)(ge)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)處置及(ji)糾正措施(shi)→運輸交付→售(shou)(shou)后服務(wu)均有(you)(you)嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)的(de)操作(zuo)規(gui)(gui)程。咨詢(xun)爆(bao)破(po)線制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)商(shang)(shang)銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)人員(yuan)(yuan)任何(he)一(yi)(yi)個節點，就可(ke)知其是否(fou)有(you)(you)能力（生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)管理(li)水(shui)平(ping)、專業(ye)設備及(ji)過程檢測設備）生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)出(chu)合格(ge)(ge)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)。

水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)爆(bao)(bao)破是在(zai)炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)兩端(duan)填(tian)充水(shui)(shui)袋(dai)，中間(jian)(jian)裝(zhuang)上乳化炸(zha)，炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)再(zai)用(yong)(yong)炮(pao)(pao)泥封(feng)死，炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)間(jian)(jian)距很(hen)大，兩個(ge)炮(pao)(pao)空之間(jian)(jian)相距了一米(mi)左右，是常(chang)規(gui)爆(bao)(bao)破的(de)炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)間(jian)(jian)距的(de)兩倍，這樣可以節(jie)(jie)(jie)省炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)材(cai)料(liao)，這兩個(ge)凹(ao)槽又稱為(wei)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽非常(chang)重要，放置的(de)位置和方向(xiang)都十(shi)分(fen)講究，一點也(ye)不能(neng)(neng)出錯，在(zai)爆(bao)(bao)破的(de)瞬間(jian)(jian)，高溫(wen)高壓(ya)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)射流立(li)即往凹(ao)槽兩邊的(de)巖石(shi)(shi)進行切(qie)(qie)割(ge)，巖石(shi)(shi)如(ru)同豆腐一樣輕松被切(qie)(qie)割(ge)切(qie)(qie)割(ge)出來的(de)輪廓線十(shi)分(fen)平(ping)順，效果極好，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)爆(bao)(bao)破中的(de)水(shui)(shui)袋(dai)沒(mei)有降(jiang)(jiang)低爆(bao)(bao)破的(de)效果，反而能(neng)(neng)保(bao)護隧道周(zhou)(zhou)邊植被，減少地(di)質擾動，降(jiang)(jiang)低煙塵(chen)，重要的(de)是節(jie)(jie)(jie)省炸(zha)成本，在(zai)未來這項技術會廣泛應用(yong)(yong)于工程中，降(jiang)(jiang)低施工成本。爆(bao)(bao)破聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破較(jiao)水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破，在(zai)周(zhou)(zhou)邊眼單循環火(huo)工品使用(yong)(yong)量上節(jie)(jie)(jie)約(yue)費用(yong)(yong)8.3%，周(zhou)(zhou)邊眼鉆孔(kong)數量從(cong)39個(ge)下降(jiang)(jiang)為(wei)23個(ge)費用(yong)(yong)節(jie)(jie)(jie)約(yue)41%，混凝(ning)土噴(pen)射每延米(mi)節(jie)(jie)(jie)約(yue)1.37立(li)方米(mi)。

專用c型聚能管采用一種抗靜電阻燃的特種塑料管、異形雙槽聚能管，根據炮眼深度可長可短。平頂山c型聚能管是兩個相似半(ban)(ban)壁管(guan)組成(cheng)，半(ban)(ban)壁管(guan)中央(yang)有(you)個凹(ao)進去的(de)(de)槽叫做'聚能(neng)槽"，使用(yong)(yong)聚能(neng)管(guan)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破成(cheng)型效果好，開挖(wa)輪廓線(xian)平順整齊(qi)，圍巖擾動減少(shao)(shao)、超欠挖(wa)明顯改善，有(you)利于支護(hu)工(gong)序施工(gong)，同時(shi)混凝土回填(tian)成(cheng)本大(da)為降低。鑿(zao)孔率(lv)(lv)減少(shao)(shao)30%，大(da)大(da)降低了(le)(le)爆(bao)破作業工(gong)班的(de)(de)勞(lao)動量(liang)(liang):鉆(zhan)孔縮短30分(fen)鐘、少(shao)(shao)打(da)眼、出渣(zha)量(liang)(liang)減少(shao)(shao)，降低了(le)(le)材(cai)料(liao)成(cheng)本、減少(shao)(shao)工(gong)時(shi)消耗、勞(lao)動效率(lv)(lv)明顯提高(gao)，周(zhou)邊(bian)眼爆(bao)破成(cheng)本降低30%以(yi)上(shang)，半(ban)(ban)眼痕保留(liu)率(lv)(lv)高(gao)達85%以(yi)上(shang)。pvc爆(bao)破聚能(neng)管(guan)主要應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于隧道、煤礦、鐵礦等(deng)需要進行光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破施工(gong)的(de)(de)工(gong)程。采用(yong)(yong)聚能(neng)管(guan)的(de)(de)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)破可減少(shao)(shao)鉆(zhan)孔，擴大(da)孔距(ju)，減少(shao)(shao)導(dao)爆(bao)管(guan)用(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)，減少(shao)(shao)超挖(wa)，減少(shao)(shao)噴漿，提高(gao)半(ban)(ban)孔率(lv)(lv)，既節(jie)省(sheng)了(le)(le)成(cheng)本又提高(gao)了(le)(le)施工(gong)效率(lv)(lv)。