在(zai)(zai)(zai)工程(cheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)，常(chang)用的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)(dao)火索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)是利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)能使雷管爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)，進(jin)而(er)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)藥(yao)的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)。它所(suo)需的(de)器材有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管、導(dao)(dao)線和起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路(lu)的(de)連接形式，要(yao)(yao)根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)規模、工程(cheng)的(de)重要(yao)(yao)性、所(suo)選(xuan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源及其起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能力(li)(li)等(deng)進(jin)行選(xuan)擇，基(ji)本(ben)連接方(fang)(fang)式有(you)：串(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)、并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)、串(chuan)并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)和并(bing)串(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)具有(you)較(jiao)安全、可靠、準(zhun)確、高效等(deng)優點，在(zai)(zai)(zai)國內(nei)外仍占有(you)較(jiao)大比重。在(zai)(zai)(zai)大、中(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中(zhong)，主要(yao)(yao)仍是用電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是在(zai)(zai)(zai)有(you)瓦斯、礦(kuang)塵(chen)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)的(de)環境中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是主要(yao)(yao)的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)。但(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容(rong)易受(shou)各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)信號(hao)的(de)干擾而(er)發(fa)生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因(yin)此在(zai)(zai)(zai)有(you)雜散(san)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、高壓感應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)環境中(zhong)，不能使用普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管。

我國于1983年制定了《水工建筑物巖行基礎開挖工程施工技術規范》(sD 121l一1983)。自此，礦用型雙向聚能管公司在水利水電建設中預裂爆破與光面爆破已成為必須進行的保護邊坡質量的爆破開挖技術措施。此后在此基礎上修訂的《水工建筑物巖石基礎開挖工程施工技術規范》(SL 47一1994)以及在《水電水利爆破工程施工技術規范》(DL／T 5135—2001)和《水工建筑物巖石基礎開挖工程施工技術規范》(DL／T 5389～2007)中預裂爆破與光面爆破均被編入并有所改進，DL／T 5135—2001正在修編為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道部也不僅規定了凡是Ⅲ級以上的巖石邊坡，設計邊坡坡度為1：0．1～1：0．75，專用礦用型雙向聚能管在邊(bian)坡(po)(po)部位的(de)爆(bao)(bao)破設(she)計(ji)和施(shi)工都應采(cai)用光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破或(huo)預裂爆(bao)(bao)破，并闡述了光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預裂)爆(bao)(bao)破施(shi)工技術設(she)計(ji)的(de)原則(ze)和參數、安全措(cuo)施(shi)，而且還明確了路塹邊(bian)坡(po)(po)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預裂)爆(bao)(bao)破項目(mu)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)驗(yan)收檢(jian)測數量(liang)(liang)和檢(jian)測方法。無疑該規程的(de)實施(shi)，有力地(di)推動和促(cu)進(jin)了光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預裂)爆(bao)(bao)破技術在鐵(tie)路建設(she)中(zhong)的(de)應用與發展。

不(bu)成功的(de)(de)事例是(shi)(shi)(shi)有的(de)(de)，如爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)而(er)不(bu)倒、實施定(ding)向爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)后(hou)沒有按爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方(fang)案(an)的(de)(de)方(fang)向倒塌等等。這(zhe)些(xie)事例警(jing)示:從爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)設計、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)器材質量(liang)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)施工到起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網(wang)路連(lian)接等，只要有一個環節出現失誤，都將影響(xiang)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)工程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)效果，乃至造成嚴重的(de)(de)后(hou)果。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)作業無(wu)論是(shi)(shi)(shi)老舊建(jian)筑物(wu)本身還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)周圍環境都十分(fen)復雜，這(zhe)不(bu)僅要求認真調(diao)查爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)結構(gou)(包括施工缺陷(xian))，分(fen)析(xi)受力(li)狀(zhuang)況，同時還(huan)要對(dui)采取(qu)技(ji)術措施(如預(yu)處理、嵌補(bu)、支撐等)的(de)(de)可(ke)靠和安全性進(jin)行分(fen)析(xi)，對(dui)可(ke)能出現的(de)(de)意外情況，應(ying)預(yu)先(xian)制定(ding)應(ying)急方(fang)案(an)，努力(li)避免安全事故和不(bu)必要的(de)(de)損(sun)失。工程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)環保(bao)性越來越受到人(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)關注，同時，探索(suo)無(wu)公害(hai)的(de)(de)拆除爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)技(ji)術，一直是(shi)(shi)(shi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)工作者追(zhui)求的(de)(de)目標。設立(li)掩蔽體(ti)(ti)對(dui)物(wu)體(ti)(ti)加以保(bao)護(hu)，簡單的(de)(de)辦(ban)法是(shi)(shi)(shi)用草(cao)袋、竹笆(ba)(ba)一類(lei)材料覆蓋在需要保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)物(wu)體(ti)(ti)上(shang)面;對(dui)房(fang)屋和機器設備(bei)常要在迎面和頂部豎立(li)排(pai)架，用木(mu)板或荊笆(ba)(ba)上(shang)罩鐵絲(si)網(wang)，抵御較多的(de)(de)飛石和較強的(de)(de)空氣沖擊波的(de)(de)打擊;對(dui)某(mou)些(xie)重要工程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)建(jian)筑物(wu)打防(fang)震孔或者用預(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)將爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)區(qu)和被(bei)保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)建(jian)筑物(wu)或工程(cheng)(cheng)設施隔離開來。

各(ge)種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)器材銷毀以及爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)器材意外爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸時，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)源與人員(yuan)和其他(ta)保(bao)護對象之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li)(li)稱為(wei)(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li)(li)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li)(li)應(ying)取各(ge)種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)（地(di)震(zhen)(zhen)、沖擊(ji)波(bo)、飛(fei)(fei)石(shi)、有(you)毒(du)氣(qi)體等）分別核定的(de)(de)(de)大值。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)時，必然產生爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)地(di)震(zhen)(zhen)、空氣(qi)沖擊(ji)波(bo)、碎石(shi)飛(fei)(fei)散(san)及有(you)害氣(qi)體，因(yin)此，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)設計(ji)時必須確定爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)危害范(fan)圍，并(bing)確定爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)點(dian)到附(fu)近人員(yuan)、設備、建(jian)筑物(wu)及井巷等的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)，這一(yi)段(duan)(duan)距(ju)離(li)(li)就(jiu)稱為(wei)(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li)(li)。如何控制好這段(duan)(duan)距(ju)離(li)(li)就(jiu)顯的(de)(de)(de)尤為(wei)(wei)重要。為(wei)(wei)保(bao)證爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)地(di)點(dian)與人員(yuan)或其他(ta)應(ying)保(bao)護對象之(zhi)間必須保(bao)持短的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)隔(ge)長(chang)度。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)有(you)害效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)隨距(ju)離(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)增加(jia)有(you)規(gui)律(lv)地(di)衰減(jian)，用(yong)距(ju)離(li)(li)作為(wei)(wei)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)尺度可限(xian)定爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)有(you)害效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)在允許(xu)限(xian)度之(zhi)內。中(zhong)國《爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)規(gui)程(cheng)》規(gui)定了(le)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)地(di)震(zhen)(zhen)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li)(li)，個別飛(fei)(fei)散(san)物(wu)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li)(li)，以及爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸沖擊(ji)波(bo)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li)(li)。

在(zai)鐵(tie)路(lu)、礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、水庫等大型工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程中，爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)很(hen)關鍵很(hen)重要(yao)。采(cai)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)修(xiu)路(lu)的(de)(de)開山(shan)(shan)(shan)挖隧道(dao)，城(cheng)市對舊建筑物(wu)的(de)(de)拆除(chu)，都會用(yong)(yong)到爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)。隨著經濟的(de)(de)發展、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程建設的(de)(de)增多，爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)引(yin)起了(le)人們(men)更多的(de)(de)關注。爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)作(zuo)為一種科學技(ji)(ji)術(shu)，應(ying)用(yong)(yong)很(hen)廣，但在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)無疑是(shi)重要(yao)、常見的(de)(de)，采(cai)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)開山(shan)(shan)(shan)，修(xiu)鐵(tie)路(lu)、公(gong)路(lu)用(yong)(yong)鉆爆(bao)(bao)法來開掘隧道(dao)，水利工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程上(shang)(shang)也用(yong)(yong)一些，城(cheng)市里面(mian)也使用(yong)(yong)了(le)，拆除(chu)樓房。利用(yong)(yong)炸爆(bao)(bao)炸產生的(de)(de)巨大能(neng)(neng)量破(po)(po)壞某(mou)種物(wu)體的(de)(de)原結(jie)構，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種"破(po)(po)壞"效果不(bu)是(shi)其他(ta)方法能(neng)(neng)代替的(de)(de)，它雖然不(bu)是(shi)獨(du)立(li)完成(cheng)一個(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程，但卻是(shi)一個(ge)(ge)重要(yao)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序，特別(bie)是(shi)石方開挖、礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)開采(cai)等工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程缺少了(le)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序還不(bu)行。中國目前有(you)發達的(de)(de)鐵(tie)路(lu)和公(gong)路(lu)交通網(wang)，可以(yi)想(xiang)象，當初在(zai)修(xiu)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些路(lu)的(de)(de)時候會遇到許(xu)多高山(shan)(shan)(shan)峻嶺(ling)，一座大山(shan)(shan)(shan)橫在(zai)兩(liang)地(di)之間，想(xiang)要(yao)修(xiu)路(lu)，就必(bi)須讓這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)座山(shan)(shan)(shan)消(xiao)失，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)時候聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)就起到決定性作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)了(le)。