在(zai)工程(cheng)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)(zhong)，常(chang)用(yong)(yong)的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)(dao)火索起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)利用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)使(shi)雷(lei)管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)，進而起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)藥的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳(fang)法(fa)(fa)。它所(suo)需的(de)器材有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管(guan)、導(dao)(dao)線和(he)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的(de)連接形式，要根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破方法(fa)(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破規模、工程(cheng)的(de)重要性(xing)、所(suo)選起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源及(ji)其起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能(neng)力等進行選擇(ze)，基(ji)本連接方式有(you)(you)：串(chuan)聯、并(bing)(bing)聯、串(chuan)并(bing)(bing)聯和(he)并(bing)(bing)串(chuan)聯等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)(fa)具(ju)有(you)(you)較安全、可靠、準確、高效等優點，在(zai)國內外仍(reng)占有(you)(you)較大比重。在(zai)大、中(zhong)(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)(zhong)，主要仍(reng)是(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)有(you)(you)瓦斯、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)的(de)環境中(zhong)(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)(shi)主要的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法(fa)(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易(yi)受各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號(hao)的(de)干擾而發生(sheng)早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在(zai)有(you)(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射(she)頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高壓感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)環境中(zhong)(zhong)，不能(neng)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)管(guan)。

水(shui)壓(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)技(ji)(ji)術，是在(zai)水(shui)壓(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)技(ji)(ji)術基礎(chu)上發展起來的(de)(de)一(yi)項(xiang)新技(ji)(ji)術，其(qi)掏(tao)槽眼(yan)、輔助眼(yan)裝藥(yao)(yao)結構和(he)爆(bao)破(po)方式與水(shui)壓(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)相同，但(dan)在(zai)周邊(bian)眼(yan)中安裝專用(yong)(yong)聚能管(guan)裝置替代常規(gui)爆(bao)破(po)藥(yao)(yao)卷和(he)傳(chuan)爆(bao)線，利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)聚能管(guan)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)粒子射流動能、高(gao)壓(ya)爆(bao)破(po)氣(qi)體應(ying)力及“氣(qi)楔”作用(yong)(yong)，形成(cheng)平整圓順的(de)(de)開挖輪廓面(mian)，對(dui)控(kong)制超欠挖具有良好效(xiao)果，有效(xiao)提(ti)升了隧(sui)道(dao)施工質量、進度和(he)經濟效(xiao)益。科學(xue)合理地利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)能源(yuan)，提(ti)高(gao)能源(yuan)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)效(xiao)率，對(dui)節能減(jian)排也十(shi)分重要。利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)聚能管(guan)兩(liang)端(duan)的(de)(de)水(shui)平開出的(de)(de)聚能槽產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)聚能射流效(xiao)應(ying)對(dui)巖石進行破(po)碎。據專家測(ce)算，由于聚能管(guan)兩(liang)端(duan)聚能槽產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)聚能切割效(xiao)應(ying)，其(qi)能效(xiao)比(bi)提(ti)升一(yi)個量級。

水(shui)壓爆(bao)(bao)破(po)是在(zai)炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)(kong)兩端填(tian)充水(shui)袋，中間裝上乳化炸，炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)(kong)再用炮(pao)(pao)泥封(feng)死，炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)(kong)間距很大，兩個(ge)(ge)炮(pao)(pao)空之間相距了一(yi)米左右，是常(chang)規爆(bao)(bao)破(po)的(de)(de)炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)(kong)間距的(de)(de)兩倍，這(zhe)樣可(ke)以節省炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)(kong)材料(liao)，這(zhe)兩個(ge)(ge)凹(ao)槽(cao)又稱(cheng)為(wei)聚能槽(cao)，聚能槽(cao)非常(chang)重要，放置(zhi)的(de)(de)位置(zhi)和方向都(dou)十分(fen)講究，一(yi)點也(ye)不能出(chu)錯，在(zai)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)的(de)(de)瞬間，高(gao)溫高(gao)壓聚能射流(liu)立(li)即往凹(ao)槽(cao)兩邊(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)巖(yan)石(shi)進行(xing)切(qie)割，巖(yan)石(shi)如同豆腐一(yi)樣輕松被切(qie)割切(qie)割出(chu)來(lai)的(de)(de)輪廓線十分(fen)平順，效果極好(hao)，聚能水(shui)壓爆(bao)(bao)破(po)中的(de)(de)水(shui)袋沒(mei)有降(jiang)低(di)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)的(de)(de)效果，反而(er)能保護隧道周邊(bian)(bian)植被，減少(shao)地(di)質擾動，降(jiang)低(di)煙(yan)塵，重要的(de)(de)是節省炸成(cheng)本(ben)，在(zai)未來(lai)這(zhe)項技術會廣泛應用于工(gong)(gong)程中，降(jiang)低(di)施工(gong)(gong)成(cheng)本(ben)。爆(bao)(bao)破(po)聚能管水(shui)壓光面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)較水(shui)壓光面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)，在(zai)周邊(bian)(bian)眼(yan)單循環(huan)火工(gong)(gong)品使用量(liang)上節約(yue)費用8.3%，周邊(bian)(bian)眼(yan)鉆孔(kong)(kong)數量(liang)從39個(ge)(ge)下(xia)降(jiang)為(wei)23個(ge)(ge)費用節約(yue)41%，混凝土噴射每延(yan)米節約(yue)1.37立(li)方米。

鶴壁礦用型聚能管發揮巨大效力的關鍵又在其上面的“聚能槽”上。項目部目前采用的聚能管有兩個“聚能槽”，通過這兩個聚能槽的作用讓爆炸的威力在隧道中切割出十分平順的輪廓線，的控制了爆破量，有效管控了超挖欠挖的現象。為了進一步嚴格控制開挖輪廓，達到提高光面爆破效果的目的，并研究出了聚能管上兩個“聚能槽”變為三個“聚能槽”的發明設計，目前，礦用型聚能管公司該發(fa)明(ming)設(she)(she)計已(yi)經(jing)進(jin)入到了(le)試生(sheng)產階段(duan)。未來，三“聚能槽”設(she)(she)計的(de)聚能水壓爆(bao)破技術(shu)將推動中鐵十四局四公(gong)司張(zhang)吉懷鐵路項(xiang)目部(bu)施工(gong)開(kai)展邁(mai)上一(yi)個新(xin)的(de)臺階，給項(xiang)目部(bu)帶來巨大的(de)經(jing)濟效(xiao)益。工(gong)程(cheng)爆(bao)破技術(shu)經(jing)過幾十年的(de)發(fa)展，已(yi)經(jing)滲透到經(jing)濟建(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)眾多領(ling)域，特別(bie)為中國的(de)鐵路建(jian)設(she)(she)、礦山開(kai)采、城(cheng)市拆舊定向爆(bao)破等做出了(le)重(zhong)要貢獻。