水壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)較(jiao)水壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，在(zai)(zai)周邊眼單循(xun)環(huan)火工品使用(yong)量上(shang)節(jie)(jie)約(yue)費(fei)用(yong)8.3%，周邊眼鉆孔數量從(cong)39個(ge)下降(jiang)為(wei)23個(ge)費(fei)用(yong)節(jie)(jie)約(yue)41%，混凝土噴(pen)射每延米節(jie)(jie)約(yue)1.37立方米。水壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)比水壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)每循(xun)環(huan)節(jie)(jie)約(yue)費(fei)用(yong)258.4元，即每延米節(jie)(jie)約(yue)76較(jiao)元，節(jie)(jie)約(yue)費(fei)用(yong)比例(li)達(da)32%。此(ci)外，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)水壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)能(neng)(neng)有效降(jiang)低隧道內石渣塊度和粉塵含(han)量，還可(ke)使通風(feng)時(shi)間(jian)有效縮短33%。聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)工藝(yi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)很(hen)成(cheng)熟、可(ke)操作性很(hen)強、材料成(cheng)本很(hen)低、施(shi)工速度很(hen)快、節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)環(huan)保效果很(hen)顯著(zhu)、經濟效益社(she)會效益很(hen)高。聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)定(ding)向爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)是近幾年發展起(qi)來(lai)的(de)(de)一項掘進新(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu),這種爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)與傳統的(de)(de)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)有一定(ding)的(de)(de)差別,聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)定(ding)向爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)原理(li)是在(zai)(zai)巷道周邊眼中,將炸裝在(zai)(zai)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)中起(qi)爆(bao)(bao),爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)時(shi)利用(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)作用(yong),以減少裂隙的(de)(de)數量和控制(zhi)優勢裂隙的(de)(de)發展方向。

各(ge)種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)器材(cai)銷(xiao)毀(hui)以及爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)器材(cai)意(yi)外爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)時，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)源(yuan)與(yu)人員(yuan)和其他保(bao)護(hu)對(dui)象(xiang)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)安全(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li)(li)稱為(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)安全(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li)(li)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)安全(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li)(li)應(ying)取各(ge)種爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)效(xiao)應(ying)（地(di)(di)震(zhen)、沖(chong)擊波(bo)、飛石(shi)、有(you)(you)毒氣體等）分別(bie)核(he)定(ding)(ding)的(de)大(da)值。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)時，必然產生爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)地(di)(di)震(zhen)、空氣沖(chong)擊波(bo)、碎石(shi)飛散(san)及有(you)(you)害(hai)(hai)氣體，因此(ci)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)設(she)計(ji)時必須(xu)確定(ding)(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)危害(hai)(hai)范圍，并確定(ding)(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)點到(dao)附近人員(yuan)、設(she)備(bei)、建(jian)筑物(wu)(wu)及井巷等的(de)安全(quan)(quan)，這一(yi)段距(ju)離(li)(li)就稱為(wei)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)安全(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li)(li)。如(ru)何控(kong)制(zhi)好這段距(ju)離(li)(li)就顯的(de)尤為(wei)重要。為(wei)保(bao)證爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)安全(quan)(quan)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)地(di)(di)點與(yu)人員(yuan)或其他應(ying)保(bao)護(hu)對(dui)象(xiang)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)必須(xu)保(bao)持短的(de)相隔(ge)長度。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)有(you)(you)害(hai)(hai)效(xiao)應(ying)隨距(ju)離(li)(li)的(de)增(zeng)加有(you)(you)規律地(di)(di)衰減，用距(ju)離(li)(li)作為(wei)安全(quan)(quan)尺度可限定(ding)(ding)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)有(you)(you)害(hai)(hai)效(xiao)應(ying)在允許限度之(zhi)內。中國《爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)安全(quan)(quan)規程》規定(ding)(ding)了(le)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)地(di)(di)震(zhen)安全(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li)(li)，個別(bie)飛散(san)物(wu)(wu)安全(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li)(li)，以及爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)沖(chong)擊波(bo)的(de)安全(quan)(quan)距(ju)離(li)(li)。

我國20世紀60年代利用斷裂力學對巖石損傷引起的裂紋擴展進行過試驗研究，雙向爆破聚能管價格為聚能爆破技術應用到工程做了不少理論分析，也取得一些進展。80年代中期開始進行應用研究，以北京礦業學院為代表，著重研究了聚能藥包切割饑理和應用。1987年淮南礦業學院取得“雙面切割器”的zhuanli，1995年又取得“大理石花崗巖切割技術應用”zhuanli。1991年中國水電七局曾試圖采用硬質紙加工聚能藥管成形聚能藥卷做過聚能預裂爆破試驗研究，雙向爆破聚能管價格但終(zhong)因當(dang)時的技術及工(gong)藝水(shui)平的限制(zhi)無法用于正常施(shi)工(gong)，但是他(ta)們開(kai)了橢圓雙極線性聚能結(jie)構試(shi)驗的先(xian)河(he)。雙聚能預裂與光面(mian)爆(bao)破綜合技術開(kai)創輪廓(kuo)控(kong)制(zhi)爆(bao)破新時代(dai)。

聚能(neng)(neng)包由炸(zha)(zha)(zha)、形(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)、隔板、殼體、引信和支(zhi)架等(deng)(deng)部分組成，其作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)及(ji)對聚能(neng)(neng)包威力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)分述如下。1．炸(zha)(zha)(zha)，炸(zha)(zha)(zha)是聚能(neng)(neng)管爆(bao)破的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)源，炸(zha)(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)壓(ya)(ya)越大(da)，聚能(neng)(neng)彈威力(li)越大(da)；為得(de)到高(gao)爆(bao)壓(ya)(ya)，需高(gao)爆(bao)速、高(gao)密度的(de)(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)。常(chang)用(yong)(yong)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)有梯恩梯、8321炸(zha)(zha)(zha)等(deng)(deng)，裝(zhuang)方(fang)法有熔鑄(zhu)，塑裝(zhuang)和壓(ya)(ya)裝(zhuang)多種(zhong)。2．型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)，型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)是把炸(zha)(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)能(neng)(neng)轉化成罩(zhao)(zhao)體材料的(de)(de)(de)(de)射流動能(neng)(neng)，從而提高(gao)其穿(chuan)透(tou)和切割(ge)能(neng)(neng)力(li)。型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材料必須滿足四點要求，即可壓(ya)(ya)縮性小(xiao)、密度高(gao)、塑性和延展性好，在(zai)(zai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成射流中(zhong)(zhong)不汽化。大(da)量試驗(yan)證明，用(yong)(yong)紫銅制(zhi)作(zuo)型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)效果好，其次為鑄(zhu)鐵、鋼(gang)和陶瓷(ci)。型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀多種(zhong)多樣(yang)，主要有軸對稱型(xing)(xing)，如圓錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)、半球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)、拋(pao)物線形(xing)(xing)(xing)和喇叭形(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)(deng)；面對稱型(xing)(xing)，常(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)有用(yong)(yong)于(yu)切割(ge)屬(shu)板材的(de)(de)(de)(de)直線形(xing)(xing)(xing)和用(yong)(yong)于(yu)切割(ge)管材的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)聚能(neng)(neng)罩(zhao)(zhao)兩(liang)種(zhong)；中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)對稱型(xing)(xing)，這種(zhong)球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)聚能(neng)(neng)包，中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)有球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)空腔和球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)，球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)外敷設(she)炸(zha)(zha)(zha)，若能(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)瞬間同(tong)時起爆(bao)，可在(zai)(zai)空腔中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)點獲(huo)得(de)極(ji)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)量集中(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)(zai)工程中(zhong)(zhong)常(chang)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是軸對稱型(xing)(xing)和面對稱型(xing)(xing)兩(liang)類型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)。

水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術基(ji)礎上(shang)發展起來的(de)一(yi)項新技(ji)術，其掏槽眼(yan)(yan)(yan)、輔助眼(yan)(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)藥(yao)結構(gou)和(he)(he)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)方式(shi)與水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)相同，但在周邊眼(yan)(yan)(yan)中安裝(zhuang)專用線(xian)性聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)管替代常規爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)藥(yao)卷(juan)和(he)(he)傳爆(bao)(bao)(bao)線(xian)，利用線(xian)性聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)藥(yao)管產生(sheng)的(de)粒(li)子射流動能(neng)(neng)(neng)、高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)氣(qi)體應力及(ji)“氣(qi)楔”作用，形成平整(zheng)圓順(shun)的(de)開(kai)挖輪廓面(mian)(mian)(mian)，對控(kong)制(zhi)超欠挖具有(you)(you)良(liang)好效果，有(you)(you)效提(ti)升(sheng)了隧道(dao)施工(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)、進度和(he)(he)經濟效益(yi)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)較水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)，在周邊眼(yan)(yan)(yan)單(dan)循(xun)(xun)環火工(gong)品使用量(liang)上(shang)節(jie)約費(fei)(fei)用8.3%，周邊眼(yan)(yan)(yan)鉆孔數(shu)量(liang)從39個(ge)下(xia)降為23個(ge)費(fei)(fei)用節(jie)約41%，混凝(ning)土噴射每延(yan)米(mi)節(jie)約1.37立(li)方米(mi)。聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)比(bi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)每循(xun)(xun)環節(jie)約費(fei)(fei)用258.4元(yuan)，即每延(yan)米(mi)節(jie)約76較元(yuan)，節(jie)約費(fei)(fei)用比(bi)例達32%。此外(wai)，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)能(neng)(neng)(neng)有(you)(you)效降低隧道(dao)內(nei)石渣塊(kuai)度和(he)(he)粉(fen)塵含量(liang)，還可使通風時(shi)間有(you)(you)效縮短33%。