施工(gong)工(gong)藝嚴格(ge)遵循六(liu)字方(fang)(fang)針(zhen)(掛滿、貼緊(jin)、對準(zhun))：(1)要保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)打(da)眼(yan)(yan)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang),炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)必(bi)須按(an)技術(shu)要求合理布置(zhi)。(2)要保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)掏槽眼(yan)(yan)以(yi)及其他眼(yan)(yan)眼(yan)(yan)的打(da)眼(yan)(yan)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang),一(yi)定(ding)(ding)要在(zai)(zai)(zai)規定(ding)(ding)位(wei)置(zhi)上(shang)打(da)眼(yan)(yan);二(er)要保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)深(shen)度(du)(du)和角度(du)(du)。(3)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)裝藥時(shi),要保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)乳(ru)化(hua)炸藥在(zai)(zai)(zai)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)中空內壁中填充飽滿不(bu)(bu)得有空隙出現時(shi)以(yi)產(chan)生拒爆。(4)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)中裝填時(shi),要保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)的兩(liang)條(tiao)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽指(zhi)向巷道輪(lun)(lun)廓(kuo)(kuo)線方(fang)(fang)向并且各個(ge)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)的聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽軸(zhou)線方(fang)(fang)面要保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)相(xiang)互連(lian)接在(zai)(zai)(zai)隧道輪(lun)(lun)廓(kuo)(kuo)線上(shang)。否(fou)則成型效果(guo)不(bu)(bu)僅(jin)不(bu)(bu)好(hao),反而更(geng)差(cha)。(5)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)堵(du)塞質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。(6)放(fang)炮(pao)員(yuan)應(ying)提前按(an)規定(ding)(ding)裝好(hao)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)的炸藥,并做好(hao)準(zhun)備工(gong)作。試用范圍:一(yi)級至五級圍巖的光面爆破工(gong)程。

施工因其復雜性(xing)、專業性(xing)、危(wei)險(xian)性(xing)，稍有(you)不(bu)慎，將對人民的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)命財產(chan)安(an)全造成(cheng)不(bu)可(ke)估(gu)(gu)量的(de)(de)(de)損(sun)失，例如廣東(dong)宏大(da)寧(ning)夏“10.16”、山東(dong)保利“5.20”等(deng)重大(da)安(an)全事(shi)故(gu)。因此，相(xiang)較(jiao)其他行(xing)業，國家出臺的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)關法律(lv)法規多、專、嚴(yan)，從爆(bao)破材料(liao)（炸藥、雷管、導(dao)爆(bao)索?管?及(ji)相(xiang)關材料(liao)）的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)、購進(jin)、運輸、儲存、發放、布網、連接、起爆(bao)、排爆(bao)等(deng)一系列程序均(jun)有(you)嚴(yan)格的(de)(de)(de)法律(lv)規定(ding)和科(ke)學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)操作(zuo)規程，并且相(xiang)關從業單位(wei)和人員均(jun)應取得相(xiang)應資質(zhi)。做為各類爆(bao)破中不(bu)可(ke)或缺的(de)(de)(de)一種導(dao)線(xian)，特別不(bu)同(tong)于一般的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，其質(zhi)量要求(qiu)及(ji)各項技術(shu)參(can)數也與普通(tong)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)不(bu)同(tong)。部分(fen)家庭作(zuo)坊式的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)廠無科(ke)學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)工藝、無基本的(de)(de)(de)檢測設(she)備(bei)、無專業的(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)人員，甚至(zhi)不(bu)知道爆(bao)破線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量要求(qiu)和技術(shu)參(can)數，更不(bu)可(ke)能(neng)制訂(ding)自己的(de)(de)(de)企業標(biao)準，僅憑簡(jian)陋的(de)(de)(de)設(she)備(bei)、以(yi)粗糙的(de)(de)(de)模仿(fang)進(jin)行(xing)生(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)營活動，致使市場充(chong)斥著假冒偽(wei)劣(lie)產(chan)品(pin)，導(dao)致爆(bao)破中提前或延遲起爆(bao)、盲炮增加且強制排爆(bao)困難，給人身安(an)全和財產(chan)以(yi)及(ji)正常的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)營活動造成(cheng)了(le)不(bu)可(ke)估(gu)(gu)量的(de)(de)(de)損(sun)失。

專業礦用型雙向聚能管聚能包由炸、形罩、隔板、殼體、引信和支架等部分組成，其作用及對聚能包威力的影響分述如下。1．炸，炸是聚能管爆破的能源，炸的爆壓越大，聚能彈威力越大；為得到高爆壓，需高爆速、高密度的炸。常用炸有梯恩梯、8321炸等，裝方法有熔鑄，塑裝和壓裝多種。2．型罩，型罩的作用是把炸的爆炸能轉化成罩體材料的射流動能，從而提高其穿透和切割能力。礦用型雙向聚能管價格型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩的(de)(de)材(cai)料必須滿足四點要(yao)求，即(ji)可(ke)壓縮性小、密度高、塑性和(he)延展性好，在形(xing)(xing)成射流中(zhong)不汽化。大量試驗證明，用(yong)紫銅(tong)制作型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩效(xiao)果好，其次(ci)為鑄鐵、鋼和(he)陶瓷。型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩的(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)狀多(duo)種多(duo)樣(yang)，主要(yao)有(you)軸(zhou)對(dui)(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，如圓(yuan)錐形(xing)(xing)、半球形(xing)(xing)、拋物線(xian)形(xing)(xing)和(he)喇叭(ba)形(xing)(xing)等；面對(dui)(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，常見的(de)(de)有(you)用(yong)于切割屬板材(cai)的(de)(de)直線(xian)形(xing)(xing)和(he)用(yong)于切割管材(cai)的(de)(de)環形(xing)(xing)聚能(neng)罩兩種；中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)對(dui)(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，這種球形(xing)(xing)聚能(neng)包，中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)有(you)球形(xing)(xing)空(kong)腔(qiang)和(he)球形(xing)(xing)罩，球形(xing)(xing)罩外敷設炸，若能(neng)在瞬間同時起爆，可(ke)在空(kong)腔(qiang)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)點獲得極大的(de)(de)能(neng)量集中(zhong)。在工程(cheng)中(zhong)常用(yong)的(de)(de)是軸(zhou)對(dui)(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)面對(dui)(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)兩類(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩。

水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)技(ji)術(shu)在(zai)隧(sui)道(dao)掘進(jin)作(zuo)業中的實際應(ying)用。提(ti)(ti)升光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)水(shui)(shui)平、嚴抓(zhua)隧(sui)道(dao)超(chao)挖(wa)管控(kong)進(jin)行了(le)介紹。聚能水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)工(gong)藝技(ji)術(shu)很(hen)(hen)成(cheng)熟、可操(cao)作(zuo)性(xing)很(hen)(hen)強、材料(liao)成(cheng)本(ben)很(hen)(hen)低、施工(gong)速度很(hen)(hen)快、節能環保效(xiao)果很(hen)(hen)顯著、經濟效(xiao)益社會效(xiao)益很(hen)(hen)高。一是(shi)(shi)要提(ti)(ti)高對(dui)推廣該(gai)項技(ji)術(shu)重要性(xing)和(he)必然(ran)性(xing)的認識;二是(shi)(shi)要樹立必須采取聚能水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)的意識;三(san)是(shi)(shi)要堅持培(pei)訓、示范、監(jian)督“三(san)位一體”;四(si)是(shi)(shi)要制(zhi)定(ding)切實的獎懲制(zhi)度;五是(shi)(shi)要建立檢查監(jian)督機(ji)制(zhi)，持續促進(jin)該(gai)項技(ji)術(shu)的深(shen)入(ru)推廣。在(zai)隧(sui)道(dao)施工(gong)的現場管理(li)、科技(ji)創新、人才培(pei)養、經濟效(xiao)益等方面(mian)的不足。建議對(dui)施工(gong)一線基礎技(ji)術(shu)工(gong)作(zuo)扎(zha)實推進(jin);對(dui)新工(gong)藝、先進(jin)工(gong)法要深(shen)入(ru)學習鉆研;對(dui)消極懈怠、故步自(zi)封的思想要堅決抵(di)制(zhi)。