我國(guo)于1983年制定(ding)了(le)(le)《水(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建筑(zhu)物巖行基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)開(kai)(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范(fan)(fan)》(sD 121l一1983)。自此(ci)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)建設中預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)與(yu)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)已成為必須(xu)進(jin)行的(de)(de)保護(hu)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)坡(po)質量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)開(kai)(kai)挖技(ji)(ji)術(shu)措施(shi)。此(ci)后在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)此(ci)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)上(shang)(shang)修訂的(de)(de)《水(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建筑(zhu)物巖石基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)開(kai)(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范(fan)(fan)》(SL 47一1994)以及在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)《水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范(fan)(fan)》(DL／T 5135—2001)和(he)《水(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建筑(zhu)物巖石基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)開(kai)(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范(fan)(fan)》(DL／T 5389～2007)中預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)與(yu)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)均(jun)被編入并(bing)有所(suo)改(gai)進(jin)，DL／T 5135—2001正在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)修編為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道部也不僅規(gui)定(ding)了(le)(le)凡是Ⅲ級以上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)巖石邊(bian)(bian)(bian)坡(po)，設計(ji)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)坡(po)坡(po)度(du)為1：0．1～1：0．75，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)坡(po)部位的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)設計(ji)和(he)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都應采用光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)或(huo)預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，并(bing)闡述了(le)(le)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)設計(ji)的(de)(de)原(yuan)則和(he)參數、安全(quan)措施(shi)，而且(qie)還明確了(le)(le)路塹邊(bian)(bian)(bian)坡(po)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)項目(mu)質量(liang)(liang)驗收(shou)檢(jian)測(ce)數量(liang)(liang)和(he)檢(jian)測(ce)方法。無疑該(gai)規(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)實施(shi)，有力地推動和(he)促進(jin)了(le)(le)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)鐵路建設中的(de)(de)應用與(yu)發展。

專用爆破聚能管是將炸藥裝在聚能管內，兩頭均放置了水袋，聚能管爆炸產生的高溫高壓射流，讓水袋產生“水楔”效應,使圍巖裂縫加劇延伸擴展。它是在水壓光面爆破基礎上發展起來的一項新技術，區別只是在周邊眼中安裝專用線性聚能藥管替代常規爆破藥卷和傳爆線，只要做到七大關鍵環節：水袋挺拔飽滿、炮泥軟硬適中、水袋裝填到底、炮泥回填到口、木棍逐節搗固、水藥緊密相連、槽面必須平行，就能對控制超欠挖起到良好效果。爆破聚能管廠家在推廣水壓爆破的基礎上，去年9月，水壓聚能爆破的成果上，今年更為(wei)深入地(di)在興泉鐵(tie)路(lu)大嶺隧(sui)道、牡佳(jia)鐵(tie)路(lu)麻山隧(sui)道采(cai)用了此項(xiang)技術，積累了成功經(jing)驗。

是由管(guan)(guan)體(ti)、前錐(zhui)(zhui)形定(ding)格(ge)帽(mao)、后(hou)定(ding)格(ge)堵構成(cheng)(cheng)，管(guan)(guan)體(ti)為塑(su)性材料制成(cheng)(cheng)，呈(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)狀，管(guan)(guan)體(ti)外徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)小于(yu)(yu)正常炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，長(chang)度(du)可隨爆破需(xu)要(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)產，管(guan)(guan)體(ti)兩(liang)端(duan)各有(you)外螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)，兩(liang)端(duan)外螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)間有(you)一縱向切(qie)縫，切(qie)縫間等距有(you)加強筋，前錐(zhui)(zhui)形定(ding)格(ge)帽(mao)呈(cheng)(cheng)傘(san)狀，傘(san)形尖有(you)一光孔，兩(liang)側直壁內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)體(ti)外徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)前端(duan)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)配(pei)合，帽(mao)體(ti)外徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)大于(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)體(ti)，后(hou)定(ding)格(ge)堵為一封蓋，外徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)直徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)大于(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)體(ti)外徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，與(yu)前錐(zhui)(zhui)形定(ding)格(ge)帽(mao)外徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)一致，后(hou)定(ding)格(ge)堵內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)體(ti)外徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)后(hou)端(duan)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)配(pei)合。可根據炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)深度(du)采(cai)用(yong)合適的聚(ju)能管(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)體(ti)，不需(xu)其他工具幫助送入炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)，切(qie)縫方(fang)向準確，兩(liang)端(duan)的前錐(zhui)(zhui)形定(ding)格(ge)帽(mao)和后(hou)定(ding)格(ge)堵外徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)與(yu)炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)一致，保證(zheng)聚(ju)能管(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)體(ti)同心，定(ding)向準確。且利于(yu)(yu)工業(ye)化生(sheng)(sheng)產，作業(ye)安全

水(shui)壓光面爆(bao)破技術(shu)在(zai)隧(sui)道掘進(jin)作(zuo)業中的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際應用。提(ti)升光面爆(bao)破水(shui)平(ping)、嚴(yan)抓隧(sui)道超挖管控進(jin)行(xing)了介紹。聚能水(shui)壓光面爆(bao)破工藝技術(shu)很(hen)(hen)成(cheng)熟、可操(cao)作(zuo)性(xing)很(hen)(hen)強、材(cai)料(liao)成(cheng)本很(hen)(hen)低(di)、施工速度(du)很(hen)(hen)快、節能環保效果很(hen)(hen)顯(xian)著、經(jing)濟效益(yi)(yi)社會(hui)效益(yi)(yi)很(hen)(hen)高(gao)。一(yi)是(shi)要(yao)提(ti)高(gao)對(dui)推廣該項技術(shu)重要(yao)性(xing)和(he)必然(ran)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)認(ren)識(shi);二是(shi)要(yao)樹立(li)必須采(cai)取聚能水(shui)壓光面爆(bao)破的(de)(de)(de)意識(shi);三是(shi)要(yao)堅持培(pei)訓、示范、監(jian)督(du)“三位一(yi)體”;四是(shi)要(yao)制(zhi)定切實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)獎懲制(zhi)度(du);五是(shi)要(yao)建(jian)立(li)檢查(cha)監(jian)督(du)機(ji)制(zhi)，持續(xu)促進(jin)該項技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)深(shen)入推廣。在(zai)隧(sui)道施工的(de)(de)(de)現場(chang)管理、科技創新、人才培(pei)養、經(jing)濟效益(yi)(yi)等方面的(de)(de)(de)不足。建(jian)議(yi)對(dui)施工一(yi)線基礎(chu)技術(shu)工作(zuo)扎實(shi)推進(jin);對(dui)新工藝、先進(jin)工法要(yao)深(shen)入學習鉆研;對(dui)消極懈(xie)怠、故(gu)步(bu)自封的(de)(de)(de)思想要(yao)堅決(jue)抵(di)制(zhi)。

光面爆(bao)破技(ji)術優(you)(you)(you)勢(shi)：相對于傳統爆(bao)破工藝，聚能管光面爆(bao)破比常規爆(bao)破具有(you)以(yi)下優(you)(you)(you)勢(shi)∶少(shao)(shao)打眼(yan)，少(shao)(shao)裝(zhuang)藥。節(jie)約(yue)周(zhou)邊鉆孔(kong)(kong)量(liang)50%，總鉆孔(kong)(kong)進(jin)尺減少(shao)(shao)30%；節(jie)約(yue)炸藥10～20%，雷管30%。節(jie)約(yue)噴(pen)(pen)漿料15-20%。節(jie)省時(shi)(shi)間∶每循環鉆孔(kong)(kong)、裝(zhuang)藥、噴(pen)(pen)漿時(shi)(shi)間1.5-2.0小時(shi)(shi)。在安全方(fang)面利用水沙(sha)袋替代炮泥，以(yi)避免搗炮泥損毀電雷管導線，造(zao)成(cheng)瞎炮。大(da)大(da)減少(shao)(shao)對圍(wei)巖擾動，光面效果(guo)好，巖性(xing)條件差情(qing)況下可(ke)以(yi)大(da)大(da)減少(shao)(shao)超挖(wa)量(liang)，控(kong)制巷道成(cheng)型；巖性(xing)完整無節(jie)理情(qing)況下眼(yan)痕率可(ke)以(yi)達到90%以(yi)上(shang)，巷道成(cheng)型好，穩定性(xing)強(qiang)。布(bu)孔(kong)(kong)方(fang)式優(you)(you)(you)化成(cheng)多(duo)排(pai)掏槽(cao)布(bu)孔(kong)(kong)，單次掘進(jin)深度可(ke)以(yi)優(you)(you)(you)化提高10%到15%不等。由于炮孔(kong)(kong)數(shu)量(liang)大(da)大(da)減少(shao)(shao)可(ke)以(yi)考慮一起全斷面起爆(bao)，節(jie)省放炮時(shi)(shi)間。