水壓(ya)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技術(shu)在隧道(dao)掘(jue)進作業中的(de)實際應用。提(ti)升(sheng)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)水平、嚴抓隧道(dao)超挖管(guan)控進行了介紹。聚能水壓(ya)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)技術(shu)很(hen)成熟、可操作性很(hen)強、材料(liao)成本很(hen)低、施工(gong)(gong)速度(du)很(hen)快、節能環保效果很(hen)顯(xian)著、經濟效益(yi)(yi)社會效益(yi)(yi)很(hen)高(gao)。一(yi)是要(yao)(yao)(yao)提(ti)高(gao)對(dui)推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)該項技術(shu)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)性和(he)必然(ran)性的(de)認識(shi);二(er)是要(yao)(yao)(yao)樹立必須(xu)采取聚能水壓(ya)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)的(de)意識(shi);三(san)是要(yao)(yao)(yao)堅持培訓、示范、監督“三(san)位一(yi)體”;四是要(yao)(yao)(yao)制(zhi)定切實的(de)獎懲制(zhi)度(du);五是要(yao)(yao)(yao)建立檢(jian)查(cha)監督機制(zhi)，持續促進該項技術(shu)的(de)深入推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)。在隧道(dao)施工(gong)(gong)的(de)現場(chang)管(guan)理、科技創新、人才培養、經濟效益(yi)(yi)等方(fang)面(mian)(mian)的(de)不足。建議對(dui)施工(gong)(gong)一(yi)線基礎技術(shu)工(gong)(gong)作扎(zha)實推(tui)(tui)進;對(dui)新工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)、先進工(gong)(gong)法要(yao)(yao)(yao)深入學習鉆研;對(dui)消極懈怠、故步自封的(de)思想(xiang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)堅決抵制(zhi)。

是由管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)、前錐形(xing)(xing)定(ding)格(ge)帽(mao)(mao)、后定(ding)格(ge)堵構成，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)為塑性材料制成，呈管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)狀(zhuang)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)小于正常炮眼內徑(jing)(jing)(jing)，長度(du)可(ke)隨爆破需要生產(chan)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)兩(liang)端(duan)各有(you)(you)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)螺(luo)(luo)紋，兩(liang)端(duan)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)螺(luo)(luo)紋間有(you)(you)一縱向(xiang)(xiang)切(qie)縫(feng)，切(qie)縫(feng)間等(deng)距有(you)(you)加強筋，前錐形(xing)(xing)定(ding)格(ge)帽(mao)(mao)呈傘(san)狀(zhuang)，傘(san)形(xing)(xing)尖有(you)(you)一光孔，兩(liang)側直壁內徑(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)(you)螺(luo)(luo)紋，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)前端(duan)螺(luo)(luo)紋配合(he)，帽(mao)(mao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)大于管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，后定(ding)格(ge)堵為一封(feng)蓋，外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)直徑(jing)(jing)(jing)大于管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)，與(yu)前錐形(xing)(xing)定(ding)格(ge)帽(mao)(mao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)一致，后定(ding)格(ge)堵內徑(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)(you)螺(luo)(luo)紋，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)后端(duan)螺(luo)(luo)紋配合(he)。可(ke)根(gen)據炮眼深(shen)度(du)采(cai)用合(he)適的聚能(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，不需其他工具(ju)幫助送入炮眼，切(qie)縫(feng)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)準確，兩(liang)端(duan)的前錐形(xing)(xing)定(ding)格(ge)帽(mao)(mao)和后定(ding)格(ge)堵外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)與(yu)炮眼內徑(jing)(jing)(jing)一致，保證聚能(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)同心，定(ding)向(xiang)(xiang)準確。且利(li)于工業(ye)化生產(chan)，作(zuo)業(ye)安全

水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆破技術，是(shi)在(zai)水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆破技術基礎上(shang)發展(zhan)起來的一項新技術，其掏槽(cao)眼(yan)、輔助(zhu)眼(yan)裝藥結構和(he)爆破方式(shi)與水(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆破相(xiang)同，但在(zai)周邊眼(yan)中安(an)裝專用(yong)(yong)(yong)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)裝置替(ti)代常規爆破藥卷和(he)傳(chuan)爆線，利用(yong)(yong)(yong)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)產生(sheng)的粒子射流動能(neng)(neng)(neng)、高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)爆破氣(qi)體應(ying)力(li)及“氣(qi)楔”作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，形成平整圓順(shun)的開(kai)挖輪(lun)廓(kuo)面(mian)，對(dui)控制超欠(qian)挖具(ju)有(you)良好效(xiao)果，有(you)效(xiao)提升(sheng)了隧道施(shi)工質量、進度和(he)經濟效(xiao)益。科學(xue)合(he)理地(di)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源，提高(gao)(gao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源利用(yong)(yong)(yong)效(xiao)率，對(dui)節能(neng)(neng)(neng)減排也十分重要。利用(yong)(yong)(yong)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)兩端的水(shui)平開(kai)出的聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)產生(sheng)的聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)射流效(xiao)應(ying)對(dui)巖石進行破碎。據專家測算，由于聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)兩端聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)產生(sheng)的聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)切割效(xiao)應(ying)，其能(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)比提升(sheng)一個量級(ji)。

專用礦用型雙向聚能管光面爆破技術優勢：相對于傳統爆破工藝，聚能管光面爆破比常規爆破具有以下優勢∶少打眼，少裝藥。節約周邊鉆孔量50%，總鉆孔進尺減少30%；節約炸藥10～20%，雷管30%。節約噴漿料15-20%。節省時間∶每循環鉆孔、裝藥、噴漿時間1.5-2.0小時。礦用型雙向聚能管廠家在安(an)全方面利用水沙袋替代炮(pao)泥(ni)，以避(bi)免搗炮(pao)泥(ni)損毀電雷管導(dao)線，造成(cheng)(cheng)瞎炮(pao)。大(da)大(da)減少(shao)對圍巖擾動，光面效果好，巖性(xing)(xing)條(tiao)件差情況下可以大(da)大(da)減少(shao)超挖量，控制巷道(dao)成(cheng)(cheng)型；巖性(xing)(xing)完整無節(jie)理情況下眼痕率可以達到(dao)90%以上，巷道(dao)成(cheng)(cheng)型好，穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)強(qiang)。布孔方式(shi)優(you)化(hua)成(cheng)(cheng)多排掏槽布孔，單(dan)次掘進深度可以優(you)化(hua)提高10%到(dao)15%不等。由于炮(pao)孔數量大(da)大(da)減少(shao)可以考慮一(yi)起全斷面起爆(bao)，節(jie)省放炮(pao)時間。