在工程爆破中，c型聚能管公司常用的起爆方法有：電力起爆法、導火索起爆法、導爆索起爆法、導爆管起爆法。電力起爆法是利用電能使雷管爆炸，進而起爆炸藥的起爆芳法。它所需的器材有：電雷管、導線和起爆電源。電爆網路的連接形式，要根據爆破方法、爆破規模、工程的重要性、所選起爆電源及其起爆能力等進行選擇，濰坊c型聚能管基(ji)本連接方式有(you)：串(chuan)聯、并聯、串(chuan)并聯和并串(chuan)聯等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起爆法(fa)具有(you)較安(an)全、可靠(kao)、準(zhun)確、高(gao)效等優點，在國(guo)內(nei)外仍占有(you)較大比重。在大、中(zhong)型爆破中(zhong)，主要(yao)仍是用電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起爆。特(te)別是在有(you)瓦斯、礦塵爆炸的(de)環境中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起爆是主要(yao)的(de)起爆方法(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起爆容(rong)易(yi)受各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)信號(hao)的(de)干擾(rao)而發生早爆，因(yin)此在有(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)、射(she)頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)、高(gao)壓(ya)感(gan)應電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)環境中(zhong)，不能使用普(pu)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管。

我國(guo)于1983年制定了(le)(le)《水(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)建筑物(wu)巖行(xing)基(ji)礎(chu)開挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(sD 121l一1983)。自此(ci)，在(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利水(shui)(shui)(shui)電建設(she)中(zhong)預(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)與(yu)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)已成為(wei)必須進(jin)行(xing)的保護邊(bian)坡(po)質量(liang)(liang)的爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)開挖(wa)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)。此(ci)后(hou)在(zai)此(ci)基(ji)礎(chu)上修(xiu)(xiu)訂的《水(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)建筑物(wu)巖石(shi)基(ji)礎(chu)開挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(SL 47一1994)以及在(zai)《水(shui)(shui)(shui)電水(shui)(shui)(shui)利爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5135—2001)和《水(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)建筑物(wu)巖石(shi)基(ji)礎(chu)開挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5389～2007)中(zhong)預(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)與(yu)光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)均被編入(ru)并有所改(gai)進(jin)，DL／T 5135—2001正在(zai)修(xiu)(xiu)編為(wei)DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道(dao)部也(ye)不僅規(gui)定了(le)(le)凡是Ⅲ級以上的巖石(shi)邊(bian)坡(po)，設(she)計邊(bian)坡(po)坡(po)度(du)為(wei)1：0．1～1：0．75，在(zai)邊(bian)坡(po)部位的爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)設(she)計和施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)都應采(cai)用光面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)或預(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，并闡述了(le)(le)光面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)裂)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)設(she)計的原(yuan)則和參數、安(an)全措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)，而且(qie)還明確(que)了(le)(le)路(lu)塹邊(bian)坡(po)光面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)裂)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)項目質量(liang)(liang)驗收(shou)檢測數量(liang)(liang)和檢測方(fang)法。無疑該規(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)的實施(shi)(shi)，有力(li)地推動和促進(jin)了(le)(le)光面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)裂)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)在(zai)鐵路(lu)建設(she)中(zhong)的應用與(yu)發(fa)展(zhan)。

我國20世(shi)紀60年(nian)代(dai)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)斷裂(lie)力(li)學對巖(yan)石(shi)損傷引(yin)起的裂(lie)紋擴展(zhan)進(jin)行過(guo)(guo)試(shi)驗(yan)研(yan)究，為(wei)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)爆破技(ji)術(shu)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)到(dao)工程做(zuo)了不少理(li)論(lun)分(fen)析，也取得一些進(jin)展(zhan)。80年(nian)代(dai)中期(qi)開(kai)始(shi)進(jin)行應用(yong)(yong)(yong)研(yan)究，以北京礦業(ye)學院為(wei)代(dai)表，著重研(yan)究了聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)包切割(ge)饑(ji)理(li)和應用(yong)(yong)(yong)。1987年(nian)淮南礦業(ye)學院取得“雙面(mian)(mian)切割(ge)器”的zhuanli，1995年(nian)又取得“大理(li)石(shi)花崗(gang)巖(yan)切割(ge)技(ji)術(shu)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)”zhuanli。1991年(nian)中國水電七局(ju)曾試(shi)圖采用(yong)(yong)(yong)硬(ying)質紙加工聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)管成形(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)卷做(zuo)過(guo)(guo)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)預(yu)裂(lie)爆破試(shi)驗(yan)研(yan)究，但終(zhong)因當時的技(ji)術(shu)及工藝水平的限制無(wu)法用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)正常施工，但是(shi)他們開(kai)了橢圓(yuan)雙極線性聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)結構試(shi)驗(yan)的先河。雙聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)預(yu)裂(lie)與光面(mian)(mian)爆破綜合技(ji)術(shu)開(kai)創(chuang)輪廓控制爆破新時代(dai)。

水壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆破(po)(po)技術，是在水壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆破(po)(po)技術基礎(chu)上發展起來(lai)的一(yi)項新(xin)技術，其掏(tao)槽(cao)眼(yan)、輔助眼(yan)裝(zhuang)藥(yao)結構和(he)爆破(po)(po)方式與水壓(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆破(po)(po)相同，但在周邊(bian)眼(yan)中(zhong)安裝(zhuang)專(zhuan)用(yong)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)裝(zhuang)置替代常規爆破(po)(po)藥(yao)卷和(he)傳爆線(xian)，利(li)用(yong)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)產生(sheng)(sheng)的粒(li)子射流(liu)動能(neng)(neng)(neng)、高壓(ya)爆破(po)(po)氣體應(ying)力及“氣楔”作(zuo)用(yong)，形(xing)成平整圓順的開挖輪廓(kuo)面(mian)，對(dui)(dui)控制超欠挖具(ju)有良(liang)好效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果，有效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)了隧道施工質量、進度和(he)經(jing)濟效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)益。科學合(he)理地(di)利(li)用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源，提(ti)(ti)高能(neng)(neng)(neng)源利(li)用(yong)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率，對(dui)(dui)節能(neng)(neng)(neng)減(jian)排也十分重要。利(li)用(yong)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)兩端的水平開出的聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)產生(sheng)(sheng)的聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)射流(liu)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)對(dui)(dui)巖(yan)石(shi)進行破(po)(po)碎。據(ju)專(zhuan)家測算，由于(yu)聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)兩端聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)產生(sheng)(sheng)的聚能(neng)(neng)(neng)切割(ge)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)，其能(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)比(bi)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)一(yi)個量級。

聚(ju)能包由炸(zha)、形(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)、隔板、殼體(ti)、引信和(he)(he)(he)支(zhi)架等(deng)部分組成，其(qi)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)及對(dui)聚(ju)能包威力(li)的(de)(de)影響分述如下。1．炸(zha)，炸(zha)是聚(ju)能管爆(bao)破的(de)(de)能源，炸(zha)的(de)(de)爆(bao)壓越大，聚(ju)能彈威力(li)越大；為(wei)得到高(gao)爆(bao)壓，需高(gao)爆(bao)速、高(gao)密度(du)的(de)(de)炸(zha)。常用(yong)(yong)炸(zha)有(you)(you)梯(ti)恩梯(ti)、8321炸(zha)等(deng)，裝方(fang)法有(you)(you)熔鑄，塑裝和(he)(he)(he)壓裝多(duo)種(zhong)。2．型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)，型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)是把炸(zha)的(de)(de)爆(bao)炸(zha)能轉化(hua)成罩(zhao)(zhao)體(ti)材(cai)料的(de)(de)射流動(dong)能，從(cong)而提高(gao)其(qi)穿透和(he)(he)(he)切割(ge)能力(li)。型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)材(cai)料必須滿足(zu)四點(dian)要(yao)求，即可(ke)壓縮性(xing)(xing)小(xiao)、密度(du)高(gao)、塑性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)延展性(xing)(xing)好，在(zai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成射流中(zhong)(zhong)不汽化(hua)。大量試驗證(zheng)明，用(yong)(yong)紫銅制作(zuo)型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)效果好，其(qi)次(ci)為(wei)鑄鐵、鋼和(he)(he)(he)陶瓷(ci)。型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀多(duo)種(zhong)多(duo)樣，主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)(you)軸對(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)，如圓錐形(xing)(xing)(xing)、半球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)、拋(pao)物線(xian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)喇叭形(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)；面(mian)對(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)，常見(jian)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)切割(ge)屬板材(cai)的(de)(de)直(zhi)線(xian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)切割(ge)管材(cai)的(de)(de)環形(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能罩(zhao)(zhao)兩(liang)種(zhong)；中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)對(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)，這種(zhong)球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)聚(ju)能包，中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)有(you)(you)球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)空腔和(he)(he)(he)球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)，球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)外敷設炸(zha)，若能在(zai)瞬間同時起爆(bao)，可(ke)在(zai)空腔中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)點(dian)獲得極(ji)大的(de)(de)能量集中(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)工(gong)程中(zhong)(zhong)常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)是軸對(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)面(mian)對(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)兩(liang)類型(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)。