不(bu)成功(gong)的(de)(de)(de)事例是(shi)有的(de)(de)(de)，如爆(bao)(bao)(bao)而不(bu)倒、實施(shi)定(ding)向爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)后(hou)沒有按爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)方案(an)的(de)(de)(de)方向倒塌等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。這些(xie)事例警(jing)示:從爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)設計(ji)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)器材(cai)質量、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)到起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)網路連接(jie)等(deng)(deng)，只要(yao)(yao)有一個環節(jie)出現失誤，都(dou)將影(ying)響爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)效果(guo)，乃至造成嚴重的(de)(de)(de)后(hou)果(guo)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)作(zuo)業無論是(shi)老舊建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)本(ben)身還(huan)是(shi)周圍環境都(dou)十(shi)分(fen)復雜，這不(bu)僅要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)認真(zhen)調查(cha)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)結構(包(bao)括施(shi)工(gong)(gong)缺(que)陷)，分(fen)析(xi)受力(li)狀況，同(tong)時還(huan)要(yao)(yao)對采(cai)取技術(shu)措施(shi)(如預處(chu)理(li)、嵌補、支撐(cheng)等(deng)(deng))的(de)(de)(de)可靠和安全(quan)(quan)性進行(xing)分(fen)析(xi)，對可能出現的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)外情況，應預先制定(ding)應急(ji)方案(an)，努力(li)避免安全(quan)(quan)事故和不(bu)必要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)損失。工(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)環保性越來越受到人(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)關注，同(tong)時，探索(suo)無公害(hai)的(de)(de)(de)拆除爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術(shu)，一直是(shi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)者追求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)目標(biao)。設立(li)掩蔽體(ti)對物(wu)(wu)體(ti)加以保護(hu)，簡單的(de)(de)(de)辦(ban)法(fa)是(shi)用草(cao)袋、竹(zhu)笆一類材(cai)料覆(fu)蓋在(zai)需要(yao)(yao)保護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)體(ti)上面(mian);對房屋和機器設備常(chang)要(yao)(yao)在(zai)迎面(mian)和頂(ding)部(bu)豎立(li)排架，用木板或荊(jing)笆上罩鐵(tie)絲網，抵(di)御(yu)較多的(de)(de)(de)飛(fei)石和較強的(de)(de)(de)空氣沖擊(ji)波的(de)(de)(de)打擊(ji);對某些(xie)重要(yao)(yao)工(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)打防震(zhen)孔或者用預裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)將爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)區和被保護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)或工(gong)(gong)程設施(shi)隔離開來。

水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術基(ji)礎(chu)上發(fa)展起來的(de)一項新技術，其(qi)掏槽眼、輔(fu)助眼裝(zhuang)藥(yao)(yao)結構和(he)(he)(he)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)方式與水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)相同，但(dan)在(zai)(zai)周(zhou)邊眼中(zhong)安裝(zhuang)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)線性(xing)聚能藥(yao)(yao)管(guan)替代常(chang)規(gui)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)藥(yao)(yao)卷和(he)(he)(he)傳爆(bao)(bao)(bao)線，利用(yong)(yong)線性(xing)聚能藥(yao)(yao)管(guan)產(chan)生的(de)粒子射(she)流動能、高壓(ya)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)氣體(ti)應力及“氣楔”作用(yong)(yong)，形成平(ping)整圓順的(de)開挖(wa)輪廓面，對控制超欠挖(wa)具有良好(hao)效(xiao)果，有效(xiao)提(ti)升了隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)施工質量(liang)(liang)、進(jin)度和(he)(he)(he)經濟效(xiao)益。水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)較水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，在(zai)(zai)周(zhou)邊眼單循環(huan)火(huo)工品使用(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)上節約(yue)(yue)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)8.3%，周(zhou)邊眼鉆孔數量(liang)(liang)從39個下降為23個費(fei)用(yong)(yong)節約(yue)(yue)41%，混凝(ning)土噴射(she)每(mei)延(yan)米節約(yue)(yue)1.37立(li)方米。聚能水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)比(bi)水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)每(mei)循環(huan)節約(yue)(yue)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)258.4元，即每(mei)延(yan)米節約(yue)(yue)76較元，節約(yue)(yue)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)比(bi)例達32%。此外，聚能水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)能有效(xiao)降低隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)內石渣(zha)塊度和(he)(he)(he)粉塵(chen)含量(liang)(liang)，還可使通風(feng)時(shi)間有效(xiao)縮短33%。

是(shi)由(you)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)、前錐(zhui)形(xing)定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)、后(hou)定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵構成，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)為(wei)(wei)塑性材料制成，呈管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)狀(zhuang)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外徑(jing)(jing)小(xiao)于正常(chang)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)內徑(jing)(jing)，長(chang)度可隨(sui)爆(bao)破(po)需要生產，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)兩端(duan)(duan)各有(you)外螺(luo)紋(wen)，兩端(duan)(duan)外螺(luo)紋(wen)間有(you)一縱(zong)向(xiang)切縫，切縫間等距有(you)加強筋，前錐(zhui)形(xing)定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)呈傘(san)狀(zhuang)，傘(san)形(xing)尖有(you)一光(guang)孔，兩側直壁內徑(jing)(jing)有(you)螺(luo)紋(wen)，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外徑(jing)(jing)前端(duan)(duan)螺(luo)紋(wen)配(pei)合，帽(mao)體(ti)(ti)外徑(jing)(jing)大(da)于管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)，后(hou)定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵為(wei)(wei)一封(feng)蓋，外徑(jing)(jing)直徑(jing)(jing)大(da)于管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外徑(jing)(jing)，與(yu)前錐(zhui)形(xing)定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)外徑(jing)(jing)一致，后(hou)定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵內徑(jing)(jing)有(you)螺(luo)紋(wen)，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外徑(jing)(jing)后(hou)端(duan)(duan)螺(luo)紋(wen)配(pei)合。可根據炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)深度采用合適(shi)的聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)，不需其他工(gong)(gong)具幫助送入炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)，切縫方向(xiang)準(zhun)確，兩端(duan)(duan)的前錐(zhui)形(xing)定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽(mao)和后(hou)定(ding)(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵外徑(jing)(jing)與(yu)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)內徑(jing)(jing)一致，保證(zheng)聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)同心，定(ding)(ding)向(xiang)準(zhun)確。且(qie)利于工(gong)(gong)業化(hua)生產，作業安全

我國于1983年制定(ding)(ding)了(le)(le)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建筑物巖行(xing)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)開(kai)挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術規范(fan)》(sD 121l一(yi)1983)。自(zi)此(ci)，在(zai)(zai)水(shui)利(li)水(shui)電建設(she)(she)中預(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)與光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)已成為必須進行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)保護邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)開(kai)挖(wa)技(ji)術措(cuo)施(shi)。此(ci)后在(zai)(zai)此(ci)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)上修訂的(de)(de)(de)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建筑物巖石(shi)(shi)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)開(kai)挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術規范(fan)》(SL 47一(yi)1994)以(yi)及在(zai)(zai)《水(shui)電水(shui)利(li)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術規范(fan)》(DL／T 5135—2001)和(he)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建筑物巖石(shi)(shi)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)開(kai)挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術規范(fan)》(DL／T 5389～2007)中預(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)與光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)均被編入并有所(suo)改(gai)進，DL／T 5135—2001正在(zai)(zai)修編為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道(dao)部也不僅規定(ding)(ding)了(le)(le)凡是Ⅲ級以(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)巖石(shi)(shi)邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)，設(she)(she)計邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)坡(po)度為1：0．1～1：0．75，在(zai)(zai)邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)部位的(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)設(she)(she)計和(he)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都應采用(yong)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)或預(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，并闡述了(le)(le)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術設(she)(she)計的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則和(he)參數(shu)、安全措(cuo)施(shi)，而且還明確了(le)(le)路塹邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)項目質(zhi)量驗收檢(jian)測數(shu)量和(he)檢(jian)測方(fang)法。無(wu)疑該規程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)施(shi)，有力地推動和(he)促進了(le)(le)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預(yu)裂(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)術在(zai)(zai)鐵路建設(she)(she)中的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)與發展。

湛江礦用型聚能管發揮巨大效力的關鍵又在其上面的“聚能槽”上。項目部目前采用的聚能管有兩個“聚能槽”，通過這兩個聚能槽的作用讓爆炸的威力在隧道中切割出十分平順的輪廓線，的控制了爆破量，有效管控了超挖欠挖的現象。為了進一步嚴格控制開挖輪廓，達到提高光面爆破效果的目的，并研究出了聚能管上兩個“聚能槽”變為三個“聚能槽”的發明設計，目前，礦用型聚能管價格該發明設計(ji)已經(jing)進(jin)入到了試生(sheng)產階段。未來，三“聚能槽”設計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)聚能水壓爆破(po)技術(shu)將推動中鐵(tie)十四局四公司張吉懷(huai)鐵(tie)路(lu)項(xiang)目部施(shi)工(gong)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)邁上(shang)一個(ge)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)臺階，給項(xiang)目部帶來巨大的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟效益。工(gong)程(cheng)爆破(po)技術(shu)經(jing)過(guo)幾十年的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)，已經(jing)滲透到經(jing)濟建設的(de)(de)(de)眾(zhong)多領(ling)域，特別為(wei)中國的(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)路(lu)建設、礦(kuang)山開(kai)(kai)采、城市拆舊定向爆破(po)等做出了重要貢獻(xian)。