在(zai)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)、礦(kuang)(kuang)山(shan)(shan)、水(shui)庫(ku)等大(da)型工程(cheng)中，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)很(hen)關鍵很(hen)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)。采礦(kuang)(kuang)修路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)山(shan)(shan)挖隧道，城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)對舊建筑物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拆(chai)除，都(dou)會用(yong)(yong)到爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術(shu)。隨(sui)著經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)、工程(cheng)建設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)多，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)引起了人們更(geng)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關注。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)聚能(neng)(neng)管作(zuo)為一(yi)種科學(xue)技術(shu)，應用(yong)(yong)很(hen)廣，但在(zai)工程(cheng)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)無疑是(shi)(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)、常見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，采礦(kuang)(kuang)開(kai)山(shan)(shan)，修鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)、公(gong)路(lu)(lu)用(yong)(yong)鉆爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)來開(kai)掘隧道，水(shui)利工程(cheng)上也(ye)用(yong)(yong)一(yi)些(xie)，城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)里面也(ye)使用(yong)(yong)了，拆(chai)除樓房。利用(yong)(yong)炸爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巨大(da)能(neng)(neng)量破(po)(po)壞某種物(wu)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原結構，這種"破(po)(po)壞"效果不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)其(qi)他方法(fa)能(neng)(neng)代替的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，它雖然不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)獨立完(wan)成一(yi)個(ge)工程(cheng)，但卻是(shi)(shi)一(yi)個(ge)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工序，特別是(shi)(shi)石方開(kai)挖、礦(kuang)(kuang)山(shan)(shan)開(kai)采等工程(cheng)缺(que)少了這個(ge)工序還不(bu)(bu)行。中國目前有(you)發(fa)達的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)和公(gong)路(lu)(lu)交(jiao)通網，可以想象，當(dang)初在(zai)修這些(xie)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候會遇(yu)到許(xu)多高(gao)山(shan)(shan)峻嶺(ling)，一(yi)座大(da)山(shan)(shan)橫在(zai)兩地(di)之間，想要(yao)修路(lu)(lu)，就(jiu)(jiu)必須讓(rang)這座山(shan)(shan)消失(shi)，這個(ge)時(shi)候聚能(neng)(neng)管爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)就(jiu)(jiu)起到決定性(xing)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)了。

施工(gong)工(gong)藝嚴(yan)格遵(zun)循六字方針(掛滿(man)、貼緊、對(dui)準)：(1)要(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)(zheng)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)打(da)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)質量(liang),炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)必須(xu)按技術要(yao)(yao)求合理布置(zhi)。(2)要(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)(zheng)掏槽(cao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)以及(ji)其他眼(yan)(yan)(yan)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)打(da)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)質量(liang),一定要(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)規定位(wei)置(zhi)上打(da)眼(yan)(yan)(yan);二要(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)(zheng)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)深度和角度。(3)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管裝(zhuang)藥(yao)時,要(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)(zheng)乳化炸藥(yao)在(zai)(zai)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管中(zhong)空內壁中(zhong)填充飽滿(man)不(bu)得(de)有(you)空隙出現(xian)時以產生拒爆(bao)。(4)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管在(zai)(zai)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)裝(zhuang)填時,要(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)(zheng)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管的(de)兩條聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)指向巷道(dao)輪(lun)廓線(xian)方向并且(qie)各個(ge)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管的(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)槽(cao)軸線(xian)方面(mian)要(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)(zheng)相互連接在(zai)(zai)隧道(dao)輪(lun)廓線(xian)上。否則成型(xing)效果不(bu)僅(jin)不(bu)好,反而更差。(5)保證(zheng)(zheng)炮(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)堵塞質量(liang)。(6)放(fang)炮(pao)員應提前按規定裝(zhuang)好聚(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)管的(de)炸藥(yao),并做好準備工(gong)作。試用范圍(wei):一級至五級圍(wei)巖的(de)光面(mian)爆(bao)破工(gong)程。

專用雙向爆破聚能管光面爆破技術優勢：相對于傳統爆破工藝，聚能管光面爆破比常規爆破具有以下優勢∶少打眼，少裝藥。節約周邊鉆孔量50%，總鉆孔進尺減少30%；節約炸藥10～20%，雷管30%。節約噴漿料15-20%。節省時間∶每循環鉆孔、裝藥、噴漿時間1.5-2.0小時。雙向爆破聚能管公司在(zai)安(an)全方面(mian)利用水沙袋替代炮(pao)(pao)泥，以(yi)(yi)(yi)避(bi)免搗炮(pao)(pao)泥損毀(hui)電雷管(guan)導線，造成瞎炮(pao)(pao)。大大減(jian)少對(dui)圍(wei)巖(yan)擾動，光面(mian)效果好，巖(yan)性條件(jian)差情況(kuang)下(xia)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)大大減(jian)少超挖量，控制巷道成型；巖(yan)性完整無節理情況(kuang)下(xia)眼痕率可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)達到(dao)90%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上，巷道成型好，穩定性強。布孔方式優(you)化成多排掏槽布孔，單次掘(jue)進深度可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)優(you)化提高(gao)10%到(dao)15%不等。由于炮(pao)(pao)孔數量大大減(jian)少可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)考慮一(yi)起(qi)(qi)全斷面(mian)起(qi)(qi)爆，節省放炮(pao)(pao)時間。

聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)包由炸(zha)、形(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)、隔板(ban)、殼(ke)體、引(yin)信和(he)(he)支(zhi)架等(deng)(deng)部(bu)分(fen)組成(cheng)，其作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)及對(dui)(dui)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)包威(wei)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響分(fen)述如(ru)下。1．炸(zha)，炸(zha)是聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管爆(bao)(bao)破的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源，炸(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)壓越大，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)彈威(wei)力(li)(li)越大；為得到(dao)高爆(bao)(bao)壓，需高爆(bao)(bao)速(su)、高密度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)。常(chang)用(yong)(yong)炸(zha)有(you)(you)梯恩梯、8321炸(zha)等(deng)(deng)，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)方(fang)法有(you)(you)熔鑄(zhu)，塑裝(zhuang)(zhuang)和(he)(he)壓裝(zhuang)(zhuang)多(duo)種。2．型罩(zhao)(zhao)，型罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)是把炸(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)炸(zha)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)化成(cheng)罩(zhao)(zhao)體材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)射流動能(neng)(neng)(neng)，從而提(ti)高其穿透和(he)(he)切(qie)(qie)割(ge)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)。型罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料必須滿足四點(dian)要(yao)(yao)求，即可(ke)壓縮性(xing)小、密度(du)(du)高、塑性(xing)和(he)(he)延展性(xing)好，在(zai)(zai)形(xing)成(cheng)射流中不汽化。大量試驗證明(ming)，用(yong)(yong)紫銅制作(zuo)型罩(zhao)(zhao)效果好，其次為鑄(zhu)鐵、鋼和(he)(he)陶瓷。型罩(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)狀多(duo)種多(duo)樣，主要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)軸(zhou)對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)型，如(ru)圓錐形(xing)、半(ban)球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)、拋物線形(xing)和(he)(he)喇叭形(xing)等(deng)(deng)；面(mian)對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)型，常(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)切(qie)(qie)割(ge)屬板(ban)材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)直線形(xing)和(he)(he)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)切(qie)(qie)割(ge)管材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環形(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)罩(zhao)(zhao)兩(liang)(liang)種；中心對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)型，這種球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)包，中心有(you)(you)球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)空腔和(he)(he)球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)，球(qiu)(qiu)形(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)外(wai)敷設(she)炸(zha)，若能(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)瞬間(jian)同時(shi)起(qi)爆(bao)(bao)，可(ke)在(zai)(zai)空腔中心點(dian)獲得極大的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量集中。在(zai)(zai)工(gong)程中常(chang)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是軸(zhou)對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)型和(he)(he)面(mian)對(dui)(dui)稱(cheng)型兩(liang)(liang)類型罩(zhao)(zhao)。

我國于1983年制定(ding)(ding)了(le)《水(shui)工(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)(wu)巖(yan)(yan)行基礎(chu)開挖(wa)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(sD 121l一1983)。自此(ci)(ci)，在水(shui)利(li)水(shui)電(dian)建(jian)(jian)設(she)中(zhong)預(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)與光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)已成為必須進(jin)(jin)行的(de)(de)保護(hu)邊(bian)坡質量(liang)的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)開挖(wa)技(ji)術(shu)措(cuo)施(shi)。此(ci)(ci)后在此(ci)(ci)基礎(chu)上修(xiu)訂的(de)(de)《水(shui)工(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)(wu)巖(yan)(yan)石基礎(chu)開挖(wa)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(SL 47一1994)以及(ji)在《水(shui)電(dian)水(shui)利(li)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5135—2001)和(he)《水(shui)工(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)(wu)巖(yan)(yan)石基礎(chu)開挖(wa)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5389～2007)中(zhong)預(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)與光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)均(jun)被(bei)編(bian)入并(bing)有所改進(jin)(jin)，DL／T 5135—2001正在修(xiu)編(bian)為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵(tie)道部也不僅(jin)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)了(le)凡是Ⅲ級以上的(de)(de)巖(yan)(yan)石邊(bian)坡，設(she)計邊(bian)坡坡度為1：0．1～1：0．75，在邊(bian)坡部位的(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)設(she)計和(he)施(shi)工(gong)都應(ying)采用(yong)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)或預(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，并(bing)闡述了(le)光面(mian)(預(yu)裂)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)設(she)計的(de)(de)原(yuan)則和(he)參數、安全(quan)措(cuo)施(shi)，而(er)且還明(ming)確(que)了(le)路塹邊(bian)坡光面(mian)(預(yu)裂)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)項目質量(liang)驗收檢測(ce)數量(liang)和(he)檢測(ce)方法。無(wu)疑(yi)該規(gui)程(cheng)的(de)(de)實施(shi)，有力地推動和(he)促(cu)進(jin)(jin)了(le)光面(mian)(預(yu)裂)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術(shu)在鐵(tie)路建(jian)(jian)設(she)中(zhong)的(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)與發(fa)展。

在(zai)工程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中，常用的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)火索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索(suo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)是(shi)(shi)利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)能使雷管(guan)(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)，進而起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)藥的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)。它(ta)所(suo)需的(de)(de)器材有(you)(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管(guan)(guan)、導(dao)線和起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的(de)(de)連(lian)接形式(shi)(shi)，要(yao)(yao)根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方(fang)法(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)規模、工程的(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)性、所(suo)選起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源及其起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能力(li)(li)(li)等(deng)進行選擇(ze)，基本連(lian)接方(fang)式(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)：串(chuan)聯、并聯、串(chuan)并聯和并串(chuan)聯等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)具有(you)(you)較安全、可(ke)靠、準確(que)、高效等(deng)優點，在(zai)國內外仍(reng)占有(you)(you)較大比重。在(zai)大、中型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)仍(reng)是(shi)(shi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是(shi)(shi)在(zai)有(you)(you)瓦斯、礦塵(chen)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)的(de)(de)環境中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)信號的(de)(de)干擾而發生早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此(ci)在(zai)有(you)(you)雜散(san)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)、高壓感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)環境中，不(bu)能使用普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)雷管(guan)(guan)。