對于爆破作業安(an)全(quan)技術的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu),是(shi)從(cong)兩(liang)個方面去考慮的(de)(de)(de)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)方面是(shi)炸(zha)和(he)(he)起爆器材以及對其爆炸(zha)所(suo)造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)破壞作用進(jin)(jin)行(xing)限制的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)技術,這(zhe)是(shi)主動的(de)(de)(de)。另一(yi)(yi)(yi)個方面是(shi)對爆破所(suo)產生的(de)(de)(de)危害采(cai)取的(de)(de)(de)防護(hu)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi),這(zhe)是(shi)被動的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個方面。兩(liang)者對阻止(zhi)爆破帶來的(de)(de)(de)破壞性(xing)有同(tong)樣的(de)(de)(de)重要性(xing),但在(zai)具體的(de)(de)(de)爆破工程(cheng)中(zhong),則常常會有變化不定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)現象和(he)(he)后果,因此,必須對每一(yi)(yi)(yi)項工程(cheng)破壞的(de)(de)(de)具體情況作細致的(de)(de)(de)分析研(yan)究(jiu),從(cong)而(er)采(cai)取適當的(de)(de)(de)對策。同(tong)時，雖然技術不斷取得進(jin)(jin)步，須在(zai)操作過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)注意每個工序(xu)，按(an)照安(an)全(quan)規(gui)程(cheng)認真作業。只要嚴格遵守安(an)全(quan)規(gui)程(cheng)、正(zheng)確地采(cai)取安(an)全(quan)技術措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)和(he)(he)防護(hu)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi),任何規(gui)模、任何種類的(de)(de)(de)爆破是(shi)可以確保安(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)安(an)全(quan)規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)條文是(shi)有經(jing)驗(yan)教訓和(he)(he)理論根據的(de)(de)(de)，有的(de)(de)(de)甚至(zhi)是(shi)血的(de)(de)(de)教訓的(de)(de)(de)總結(jie)，所(suo)以一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)要克服(fu)麻痹思想，嚴格執行(xing)安(an)全(quan)規(gui)定(ding)，決不能以沒出過(guo)(guo)事故而(er)輕率(lv)地"突破"規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)"框框"。

在(zai)(zai)工程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)，常用的(de)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法、導(dao)(dao)火索起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法、導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法、導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法是利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能使雷(lei)(lei)管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)，進而起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)藥的(de)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳(fang)法。它所需(xu)的(de)器材有(you)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)(lei)管(guan)、導(dao)(dao)線和起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網路的(de)連接(jie)形式，要根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破方法、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破規模(mo)、工程的(de)重要性、所選(xuan)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源及(ji)其起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能力(li)等(deng)進行選(xuan)擇(ze)，基本連接(jie)方式有(you)：串聯(lian)(lian)、并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)、串并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)和并(bing)串聯(lian)(lian)等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法具有(you)較(jiao)安全、可靠、準確、高效(xiao)等(deng)優點，在(zai)(zai)國內(nei)外仍占有(you)較(jiao)大比重。在(zai)(zai)大、中(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破中(zhong)，主(zhu)要仍是用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是在(zai)(zai)有(you)瓦(wa)斯、礦塵(chen)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)(zha)的(de)環境中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是主(zhu)要的(de)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方法。但(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易受各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號(hao)的(de)干擾而發生(sheng)早(zao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，因此在(zai)(zai)有(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、雷(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、射頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、高壓感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)環境中(zhong)，不(bu)能使用普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)雷(lei)(lei)管(guan)。

光(guang)面爆(bao)破技術優勢：相對于傳統爆(bao)破工(gong)藝(yi)，聚能(neng)管(guan)(guan)光(guang)面爆(bao)破比常規爆(bao)破具(ju)有以(yi)下優勢∶少(shao)(shao)(shao)打(da)眼，少(shao)(shao)(shao)裝藥。節約(yue)(yue)(yue)周邊鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)量(liang)50%，總(zong)鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)進尺(chi)減(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)30%；節約(yue)(yue)(yue)炸藥10～20%，雷管(guan)(guan)30%。節約(yue)(yue)(yue)噴漿料15-20%。節省(sheng)時間(jian)∶每循環鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)、裝藥、噴漿時間(jian)1.5-2.0小時。在(zai)安全(quan)方(fang)面利(li)用水沙袋替代炮(pao)(pao)泥，以(yi)避免(mian)搗炮(pao)(pao)泥損毀電雷管(guan)(guan)導(dao)線，造成瞎炮(pao)(pao)。大(da)大(da)減(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)對圍巖(yan)擾(rao)動，光(guang)面效果(guo)好(hao)，巖(yan)性(xing)條件差情(qing)況(kuang)下可(ke)以(yi)大(da)大(da)減(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)超挖量(liang)，控(kong)制巷道成型(xing)；巖(yan)性(xing)完整無節理情(qing)況(kuang)下眼痕(hen)率可(ke)以(yi)達到90%以(yi)上，巷道成型(xing)好(hao)，穩定性(xing)強。布孔(kong)(kong)方(fang)式優化成多排掏槽布孔(kong)(kong)，單次掘進深(shen)度可(ke)以(yi)優化提高10%到15%不等。由于炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)(kong)數量(liang)大(da)大(da)減(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)可(ke)以(yi)考慮(lv)一(yi)起(qi)(qi)全(quan)斷面起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)，節省(sheng)放炮(pao)(pao)時間(jian)。

我(wo)國于1983年制定了(le)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)物巖(yan)行(xing)基(ji)(ji)礎開(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(sD 121l一(yi)1983)。自此(ci)(ci)，在(zai)(zai)水(shui)利水(shui)電(dian)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)中預裂爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)與光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)已成為(wei)必須(xu)進(jin)行(xing)的保護邊(bian)(bian)(bian)坡質(zhi)量的爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)開(kai)挖技(ji)(ji)術(shu)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)。此(ci)(ci)后(hou)在(zai)(zai)此(ci)(ci)基(ji)(ji)礎上修訂的《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)物巖(yan)石基(ji)(ji)礎開(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(SL 47一(yi)1994)以及在(zai)(zai)《水(shui)電(dian)水(shui)利爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5135—2001)和(he)(he)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)物巖(yan)石基(ji)(ji)礎開(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5389～2007)中預裂爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)與光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)均被編(bian)入(ru)并(bing)有所改進(jin)，DL／T 5135—2001正在(zai)(zai)修編(bian)為(wei)DL／T 5135—2012。鐵(tie)道部(bu)也不僅規(gui)定了(le)凡是Ⅲ級(ji)以上的巖(yan)石邊(bian)(bian)(bian)坡，設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)坡坡度為(wei)1：0．1～1：0．75，在(zai)(zai)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)坡部(bu)位的爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)和(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都(dou)應采用光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)或預裂爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)，并(bing)闡述了(le)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預裂)爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)的原則和(he)(he)參(can)數(shu)、安全措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)，而且還明確了(le)路(lu)塹邊(bian)(bian)(bian)坡光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預裂)爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)項(xiang)目(mu)質(zhi)量驗收檢測(ce)數(shu)量和(he)(he)檢測(ce)方法。無疑該規(gui)程(cheng)的實施(shi)(shi)，有力地推(tui)動和(he)(he)促進(jin)了(le)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(預裂)爆破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)在(zai)(zai)鐵(tie)路(lu)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)中的應用與發展(zhan)。

池州深孔爆破聚能管是由管體、前錐形定格帽、后定格堵構成，管體為塑性材料制成，呈管狀，管體外徑小于正常炮眼內徑，長度可隨爆破需要生產，管體兩端各有外螺紋，兩端外螺紋間有一縱向切縫，切縫間等距有加強筋，前錐形定格帽呈傘狀，傘形尖有一光孔，兩側直壁內徑有螺紋，與管體外徑前端螺紋配合，帽體外徑大于管體，后定格堵為一封蓋，外徑直徑大于管體外徑，與前錐形定格帽外徑一致，后定格堵內徑有螺紋，與管體外徑后端螺紋配合。專業深孔爆破聚能管可(ke)根據炮眼(yan)深度(du)采用合(he)適的(de)聚能管(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)體(ti)，不需其他工具幫助送入炮眼(yan)，切縫方向(xiang)準確，兩端的(de)前錐形定(ding)格(ge)(ge)帽和后定(ding)格(ge)(ge)堵(du)外徑與炮眼(yan)內徑一致，保證(zheng)聚能管(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)體(ti)同心，定(ding)向(xiang)準確。且利于(yu)工業(ye)化生產，作業(ye)安全