o型聚能管廠家對于爆破作業安全技術的研究,是從兩個方面去考慮的，一方面是炸和起爆器材以及對其爆炸所造成的破壞作用進行限制的安全技術,這是主動的。另一個方面是對爆破所產生的危害采取的防護措施,這是被動的一個方面。兩者對阻止爆破帶來的破壞性有同樣的重要性,但在具體的爆破工程中,則常常會有變化不定的現象和后果,因此,必須對每一項工程破壞的具體情況作細致的分析研究,從而采取適當的對策。同時，o型聚能管廠家雖(sui)然技術不(bu)斷取得進步，須在操作過程(cheng)中(zhong)注意每個工(gong)序，按照安全(quan)(quan)(quan)規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)認真作業。只要嚴格遵守安全(quan)(quan)(quan)規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)、正確(que)地采取安全(quan)(quan)(quan)技術措施和防護措施,任(ren)何規(gui)(gui)模、任(ren)何種類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)爆破是可以確(que)保(bao)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)。一(yi)些安全(quan)(quan)(quan)規(gui)(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)條文是有經(jing)驗教(jiao)訓和理論(lun)根據的(de)(de)(de)，有的(de)(de)(de)甚至(zhi)是血的(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)訓的(de)(de)(de)總(zong)結，所(suo)以一(yi)定要克服麻(ma)痹思想，嚴格執行安全(quan)(quan)(quan)規(gui)(gui)定，決不(bu)能(neng)以沒出過事故(gu)而輕率(lv)地"突(tu)破"規(gui)(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)"框(kuang)框(kuang)"。

我國于1983年制定(ding)了(le)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)(wu)巖(yan)行基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)開(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術規(gui)范(fan)》(sD 121l一1983)。自(zi)此，在(zai)水(shui)利水(shui)電建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)中(zhong)(zhong)預裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)與光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)已成為必須進行的(de)保護邊(bian)(bian)坡質量的(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)開(kai)挖技(ji)(ji)術措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)。此后在(zai)此基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)上修(xiu)訂(ding)的(de)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)(wu)巖(yan)石(shi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)開(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術規(gui)范(fan)》(SL 47一1994)以及在(zai)《水(shui)電水(shui)利爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術規(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5135—2001)和(he)《水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)(wu)巖(yan)石(shi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)開(kai)挖工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術規(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5389～2007)中(zhong)(zhong)預裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)與光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)均被編入(ru)并有所改進，DL／T 5135—2001正在(zai)修(xiu)編為DL／T 5135—2012。鐵(tie)道部也不僅規(gui)定(ding)了(le)凡是(shi)Ⅲ級以上的(de)巖(yan)石(shi)邊(bian)(bian)坡，設(she)(she)計邊(bian)(bian)坡坡度為1：0．1～1：0．75，在(zai)邊(bian)(bian)坡部位的(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)設(she)(she)計和(he)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)都應采用光面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)或預裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，并闡述了(le)光面(預裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術設(she)(she)計的(de)原則和(he)參數(shu)(shu)、安全措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)，而且還明(ming)確了(le)路(lu)塹邊(bian)(bian)坡光面(預裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)項目質量驗收檢測數(shu)(shu)量和(he)檢測方法。無疑(yi)該規(gui)程(cheng)的(de)實施(shi)(shi)，有力地(di)推動和(he)促進了(le)光面(預裂(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術在(zai)鐵(tie)路(lu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)應用與發展。

預(yu)裂(lie)與光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術的(de)歷(li)史與現狀(zhuang)：預(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)是(shi)(shi)沿設計開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)邊(bian)界布置密集(ji)炮孔(kong)，采取不耦合裝藥(yao)或裝填(tian)低威(wei)力炸(zha)藥(yao)，在(zai)(zai)主爆(bao)(bao)區(qu)之(zhi)前起爆(bao)(bao)，從而在(zai)(zai)爆(bao)(bao)區(qu)與保(bao)留區(qu)之(zhi)間形成預(yu)裂(lie)縫，以(yi)減弱主爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)對保(bao)留巖體的(de)破(po)(po)(po)壞并形成平(ping)整輪廓面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)作業(ye)。光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)是(shi)(shi)沿設計開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)邊(bian)界布設密集(ji)炮孔(kong)，采用不耦合裝藥(yao)或裝填(tian)低威(wei)力炸(zha)藥(yao)，在(zai)(zai)主爆(bao)(bao)區(qu)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)之(zhi)后(hou)起爆(bao)(bao)的(de)以(yi)形成平(ping)整的(de)開(kai)(kai)挖(wa)輪廓面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)作業(ye)。爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技術的(de)發展(zhan)是(shi)(shi)先出現光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，然后(hou)衍生發展(zhan)為(wei)預(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)。聚能管(guan)國內歷(li)史與現狀(zhuang)，我國于1964～1965年(nian)(nian)在(zai)(zai)湖北陸水水電站施工中做過(guo)淺孔(kong)預(yu)裂(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)試驗，1965年(nian)(nian)鐵道(dao)部(bu)門在(zai)(zai)成昆(kun)鐵路(lu)建設中開(kai)(kai)始試驗光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，1977年(nian)(nian)在(zai)(zai)西延(yan)線(xian)張家船(chuan)工點，全(quan)長近200m的(de)2000m2路(lu)塹邊(bian)坡(po)全(quan)部(bu)采用光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)后(hou)邊(bian)坡(po)平(ping)整穩定，殘留的(de)半(ban)孔(kong)清晰可見，是(shi)(shi)鐵路(lu)建設中采用路(lu)塹光(guang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)。

是將(jiang)炸藥(yao)裝在(zai)(zai)聚(ju)能管(guan)內，兩頭均放置了水袋，聚(ju)能管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)炸產(chan)生(sheng)的高(gao)溫(wen)高(gao)壓射(she)流，讓水袋產(chan)生(sheng)“水楔”效(xiao)應,使圍巖裂縫加劇延(yan)伸(shen)擴(kuo)展。它(ta)是在(zai)(zai)水壓光面爆(bao)(bao)破基礎上(shang)發展起來的一項(xiang)新技(ji)術，區(qu)別只是在(zai)(zai)周邊眼(yan)中安(an)裝專用(yong)線性聚(ju)能藥(yao)管(guan)替代常規爆(bao)(bao)破藥(yao)卷和傳爆(bao)(bao)線，只要(yao)做到七大關鍵環節：水袋挺(ting)拔飽滿、炮(pao)泥軟硬適中、水袋裝填到底、炮(pao)泥回填到口、木棍逐節搗固、水藥(yao)緊密相(xiang)連、槽面必須平行，就(jiu)能對控制超欠(qian)挖起到良好效(xiao)果。在(zai)(zai)推廣水壓爆(bao)(bao)破的基礎上(shang)，去年(nian)9月，水壓聚(ju)能爆(bao)(bao)破的成果上(shang)，今(jin)年(nian)更(geng)為深入地在(zai)(zai)興泉鐵路(lu)(lu)大嶺隧(sui)(sui)道、牡佳鐵路(lu)(lu)麻山隧(sui)(sui)道采用(yong)了此項(xiang)技(ji)術，積累了成功(gong)經驗。