是由管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)、前錐形(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)帽、后(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)堵(du)(du)構成，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)為(wei)塑性材料(liao)制成，呈管(guan)(guan)(guan)狀，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)小于正常炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)內徑(jing)(jing)(jing)，長度(du)可(ke)隨爆破需要生產(chan)(chan)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)兩端各有(you)外(wai)螺(luo)紋(wen)，兩端外(wai)螺(luo)紋(wen)間(jian)有(you)一縱向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)切縫，切縫間(jian)等距有(you)加強(qiang)筋，前錐形(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)帽呈傘(san)狀，傘(san)形(xing)尖有(you)一光孔，兩側直(zhi)壁內徑(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)螺(luo)紋(wen)，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)前端螺(luo)紋(wen)配合，帽體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)大于管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)，后(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)堵(du)(du)為(wei)一封(feng)蓋，外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)大于管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)，與(yu)前錐形(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)帽外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)一致(zhi)，后(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)堵(du)(du)內徑(jing)(jing)(jing)有(you)螺(luo)紋(wen)，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)后(hou)端螺(luo)紋(wen)配合。可(ke)根據炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)深度(du)采(cai)用合適的聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)，不(bu)需其他工具幫助送入炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)，切縫方向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)準確(que)，兩端的前錐形(xing)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)帽和后(hou)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)格(ge)堵(du)(du)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)與(yu)炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)內徑(jing)(jing)(jing)一致(zhi)，保證聚(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)同心，定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)準確(que)。且利于工業化生產(chan)(chan)，作業安全

我國于1983年制定(ding)了(le)《水工(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物(wu)(wu)巖(yan)(yan)行基(ji)礎(chu)開挖(wa)(wa)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術規(gui)范(fan)》(sD 121l一1983)。自(zi)此，在(zai)水利水電建(jian)設中預裂(lie)(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)與(yu)(yu)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)已(yi)成為(wei)必須進(jin)(jin)行的(de)保(bao)護(hu)邊(bian)坡(po)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)開挖(wa)(wa)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。此后在(zai)此基(ji)礎(chu)上修訂的(de)《水工(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物(wu)(wu)巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)礎(chu)開挖(wa)(wa)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術規(gui)范(fan)》(SL 47一1994)以及在(zai)《水電水利爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術規(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5135—2001)和《水工(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑物(wu)(wu)巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)礎(chu)開挖(wa)(wa)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術規(gui)范(fan)》(DL／T 5389～2007)中預裂(lie)(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)與(yu)(yu)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)均被(bei)編入并有(you)所改進(jin)(jin)，DL／T 5135—2001正在(zai)修編為(wei)DL／T 5135—2012。鐵道部也不僅(jin)規(gui)定(ding)了(le)凡是Ⅲ級以上的(de)巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)邊(bian)坡(po)，設計(ji)邊(bian)坡(po)坡(po)度為(wei)1：0．1～1：0．75，在(zai)邊(bian)坡(po)部位的(de)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)設計(ji)和施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)都應(ying)采用光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)或預裂(lie)(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，并闡述了(le)光(guang)面(預裂(lie)(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術設計(ji)的(de)原則和參數、安全措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，而且還明確(que)了(le)路塹邊(bian)坡(po)光(guang)面(預裂(lie)(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)項目質(zhi)量(liang)驗收檢(jian)測數量(liang)和檢(jian)測方法。無疑該規(gui)程(cheng)的(de)實施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，有(you)力(li)地(di)推動和促進(jin)(jin)了(le)光(guang)面(預裂(lie)(lie)(lie))爆(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術在(zai)鐵路建(jian)設中的(de)應(ying)用與(yu)(yu)發展。

是(shi)將炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)裝(zhuang)在(zai)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管內，兩頭均(jun)放(fang)置了水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)袋(dai)，聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)管爆炸(zha)產(chan)生的高溫(wen)高壓(ya)射流(liu)，讓水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)袋(dai)產(chan)生“水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)楔(xie)”效應(ying),使圍(wei)巖裂縫(feng)加劇(ju)延伸擴(kuo)展。它是(shi)在(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)光面爆破(po)基礎(chu)上(shang)發展起來(lai)的一項(xiang)新技術(shu)，區別只是(shi)在(zai)周邊眼中(zhong)安裝(zhuang)專用線(xian)性聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)藥(yao)(yao)管替代常(chang)規爆破(po)藥(yao)(yao)卷和傳爆線(xian)，只要做到七大關鍵環節(jie)：水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)袋(dai)挺拔飽滿、炮泥(ni)(ni)軟硬(ying)適中(zhong)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)袋(dai)裝(zhuang)填到底、炮泥(ni)(ni)回填到口(kou)、木棍逐節(jie)搗固(gu)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)藥(yao)(yao)緊密相(xiang)連、槽面必須(xu)平行(xing)，就能(neng)(neng)對控制超(chao)欠挖起到良好效果(guo)。在(zai)推廣水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)爆破(po)的基礎(chu)上(shang)，去(qu)年9月，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)爆破(po)的成果(guo)上(shang)，今(jin)年更為(wei)深入(ru)地在(zai)興泉鐵路(lu)大嶺隧(sui)道、牡佳(jia)鐵路(lu)麻山隧(sui)道采用了此(ci)項(xiang)技術(shu)，積累了成功經驗。

專用深孔爆破多向聚能管水壓光面爆破技術，是在水壓光面爆破技術基礎上發展起來的一項新技術，其掏槽眼、輔助眼裝藥結構和爆破方式與水壓光面爆破相同，但在周邊眼中安裝專用聚能管裝置替代常規爆破藥卷和傳爆線，利用聚能管產生的粒子射流動能、高壓爆破氣體應力及“氣楔”作用，形成平整圓順的開挖輪廓面，對控制超欠挖具有良好效果，有效提升了隧道施工質量、進度和經濟效益。鶴壁深孔爆破多向聚能管科學合(he)理地利(li)用能(neng)(neng)(neng)源，提高(gao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源利(li)用效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率，對節能(neng)(neng)(neng)減排(pai)也十分重要。利(li)用聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)兩端(duan)的(de)水平開(kai)出的(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)產生(sheng)的(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)射流效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)對巖石進行破碎。據專家(jia)測算，由于聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)兩端(duan)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)槽(cao)產生(sheng)的(de)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)切割效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)，其能(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)比提升一個量(liang)級。