專用多向聚能管預裂與光面爆破技術的歷史與現狀：預裂爆破是沿設計開挖邊界布置密集炮孔，采取不耦合裝藥或裝填低威力炸藥，在主爆區之前起爆，從而在爆區與保留區之間形成預裂縫，以減弱主爆破對保留巖體的破壞并形成平整輪廓面的爆破作業。多向聚能管價格光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)是沿設(she)計(ji)開(kai)(kai)(kai)挖(wa)邊(bian)界布設(she)密集炮孔，采用(yong)不耦合裝藥(yao)(yao)或(huo)裝填低威力炸(zha)藥(yao)(yao)，在(zai)主爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區(qu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)之后(hou)起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的以形成(cheng)(cheng)平整(zheng)的開(kai)(kai)(kai)挖(wa)輪廓面(mian)的爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)作業。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)技術(shu)的發展(zhan)是先(xian)出現光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，然后(hou)衍生發展(zhan)為預(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)。聚能管國(guo)內(nei)歷史與現狀，我國(guo)于1964～1965年在(zai)湖北陸(lu)水(shui)水(shui)電站施工中(zhong)做過(guo)淺孔預(yu)裂爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)試驗，1965年鐵(tie)(tie)道部門在(zai)成(cheng)(cheng)昆鐵(tie)(tie)路建設(she)中(zhong)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始試驗光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，1977年在(zai)西延線張家(jia)船工點，全長近200m的2000m2路塹邊(bian)坡全部采用(yong)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)后(hou)邊(bian)坡平整(zheng)穩定，殘留的半孔清晰可見，是鐵(tie)(tie)路建設(she)中(zhong)采用(yong)路塹光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)。

是由管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)、前錐(zhui)形(xing)定(ding)(ding)格帽(mao)(mao)、后定(ding)(ding)格堵(du)(du)構成，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)為塑性(xing)材(cai)料制成，呈管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)狀，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)小于正常(chang)炮眼內(nei)(nei)徑(jing)(jing)，長度(du)可隨爆(bao)破(po)需要生產(chan)(chan)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)兩(liang)端(duan)各有(you)(you)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)，兩(liang)端(duan)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)間(jian)有(you)(you)一縱(zong)向(xiang)切(qie)縫(feng)，切(qie)縫(feng)間(jian)等(deng)距有(you)(you)加強筋，前錐(zhui)形(xing)定(ding)(ding)格帽(mao)(mao)呈傘(san)(san)狀，傘(san)(san)形(xing)尖有(you)(you)一光孔，兩(liang)側直(zhi)壁內(nei)(nei)徑(jing)(jing)有(you)(you)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)前端(duan)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)配合(he)，帽(mao)(mao)體(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)大于管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)，后定(ding)(ding)格堵(du)(du)為一封蓋，外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)大于管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)，與(yu)前錐(zhui)形(xing)定(ding)(ding)格帽(mao)(mao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)一致，后定(ding)(ding)格堵(du)(du)內(nei)(nei)徑(jing)(jing)有(you)(you)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)，與(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)后端(duan)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)配合(he)。可根(gen)據炮眼深(shen)度(du)采用合(he)適的聚能(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)，不需其他工具幫助送入炮眼，切(qie)縫(feng)方向(xiang)準確，兩(liang)端(duan)的前錐(zhui)形(xing)定(ding)(ding)格帽(mao)(mao)和(he)后定(ding)(ding)格堵(du)(du)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)(jing)與(yu)炮眼內(nei)(nei)徑(jing)(jing)一致，保(bao)證聚能(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)同心，定(ding)(ding)向(xiang)準確。且利(li)于工業化(hua)生產(chan)(chan)，作業安(an)全

施(shi)工(gong)工(gong)藝嚴(yan)格(ge)遵循六字方針(掛滿(man)、貼(tie)緊、對準)：(1)要(yao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)打眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)質量,炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)必須(xu)按技術要(yao)求合理布置(zhi)。(2)要(yao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)掏槽眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)以及其他(ta)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的打眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)質量,一(yi)定(ding)要(yao)在(zai)(zai)規(gui)定(ding)位置(zhi)上打眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan);二要(yao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)深度和角度。(3)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)藥(yao)時(shi),要(yao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)乳化炸(zha)藥(yao)在(zai)(zai)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)中(zhong)空內壁中(zhong)填(tian)充飽滿(man)不(bu)得有(you)空隙出現(xian)時(shi)以產(chan)生拒(ju)爆。(4)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)填(tian)時(shi),要(yao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)的兩條聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)槽指向巷道輪廓線(xian)方向并且各(ge)個炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)的聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)槽軸線(xian)方面要(yao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)相互(hu)連接(jie)在(zai)(zai)隧(sui)道輪廓線(xian)上。否(fou)則成型(xing)效(xiao)果不(bu)僅不(bu)好,反(fan)而更差。(5)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)堵塞質量。(6)放炮(pao)(pao)員應提(ti)前(qian)按規(gui)定(ding)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)好聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管(guan)(guan)的炸(zha)藥(yao),并做(zuo)好準備(bei)工(gong)作。試用(yong)范(fan)圍:一(yi)級(ji)至五級(ji)圍巖(yan)的光(guang)面爆破工(gong)程。

的軍(jun)事應(ying)(ying)用(yong)：聚(ju)(ju)能爆破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術，早在(zai)二次(ci)世界大(da)戰(zhan)(zhan)期間就在(zai)軍(jun)事方(fang)面廣泛應(ying)(ying)用(yong)。國內(nei)在(zai)聚(ju)(ju)能破(po)(po)甲技(ji)(ji)術如(ru)大(da)錐角反(fan)艦導(dao)彈(dan)戰(zhan)(zhan)斗部和大(da)錐角反(fan)坦克(ke)地雷以及敏感(gan)彈(dan)戰(zhan)(zhan)斗部等方(fang)面取得了較為(wei)快速(su)的發(fa)展，我(wo)國20世紀60年代打破(po)(po)國外技(ji)(ji)術封鎖獨立自主(zhu)研發(fa)成(cheng)功原子(zi)彈(dan)就是得力于聚(ju)(ju)能爆破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術轟擊核裝(zhuang)置而引爆原子(zi)彈(dan)。的民爆應(ying)(ying)用(yong)——切(qie)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)爆破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術：聚(ju)(ju)能爆破(po)(po)用(yong)于工程(cheng)建設也是20世紀60年代開始(shi)的，首(shou)先是瑞(rui)典的U﹒Langefors提(ti)出孔壁切(qie)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)爆破(po)(po)利(li)用(yong)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)口(kou)應(ying)(ying)力集中(zhong)定(ding)向(xiang)開裂的設想(xiang)，后經(jing)W﹒L﹒Fourney驗(yan)證(zheng)是有效的。70年代國外廣泛研究(jiu)和應(ying)(ying)用(yong)了切(qie)槽(cao)(cao)(cao)爆破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術。

給大家(jia)介紹下爆破(po)聚能(neng)管的(de)(de)技術原(yuan)理∶炸藥爆炸產生(sheng)的(de)(de)爆轟波通(tong)過聚能(neng)管的(de)(de)聚能(neng)槽(cao)，將炸藥的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)能(neng)、勢能(neng)轉換成(cheng)高壓、高速、高能(neng)的(de)(de)射(she)流(liu)(liu)，切割演示成(cheng)縫(feng)。射(she)流(liu)(liu)在(zai)(zai)孔(kong)(kong)壁產生(sheng)射(she)流(liu)(liu)壓力(li)達7000MPa，巖石動(dong)(dong)載抗(kang)(kang)壓強(qiang)度為(wei)(wei)200MPa，抗(kang)(kang)拉為(wei)(wei)1/8～1/10的(de)(de)抗(kang)(kang)壓強(qiang)度，相(xiang)鄰兩(liang)炮孔(kong)(kong)互為(wei)(wei)鄰空面，疊加后的(de)(de)壓縮波變為(wei)(wei)稀疏波，在(zai)(zai)兩(liang)炮眼連線上使巖石結構斷裂，形成(cheng)裂紋。準(zhun)靜(jing)態氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)膨脹，靜(jing)態壓力(li)在(zai)(zai)兩(liang)炮孔(kong)(kong)最短(duan)連線兩(liang)側產生(sheng)拉力(li)使巖石裂縫(feng)進(jin)一步擴(kuo)展。根據爆破(po)應力(li)集中氣(qi)(qi)刃作用原(yuan)則，爆破(po)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)沿裂縫(feng)進(jin)一步擴(kuo)大貫通(tong)，拋落巖石。