水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)技術基礎(chu)上(shang)發展起來(lai)的(de)一項(xiang)新技術,其掏槽眼、輔(fu)助眼裝藥(yao)結(jie)構和(he)(he)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)方(fang)式(shi)與(yu)水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)相同(tong),但在(zai)周(zhou)邊眼中安(an)裝專用(yong)線性聚能藥(yao)管替代常規(gui)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)藥(yao)卷和(he)(he)傳爆(bao)(bao)線,利(li)用(yong)線性聚能藥(yao)管產生(sheng)的(de)粒(li)子射流(liu)動能、高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)氣(qi)體應力及(ji)“氣(qi)楔”作(zuo)用(yong),形(xing)成平整圓順的(de)開(kai)挖輪(lun)廓面(mian),對控制超欠挖具有(you)良好效(xiao)果,有(you)效(xiao)提升了隧道施工(gong)質量、進度和(he)(he)經(jing)濟效(xiao)益(yi)。水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)較水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po),在(zai)周(zhou)邊眼單循環火工(gong)品(pin)使用(yong)量上(shang)節(jie)約費用(yong)8.3%,周(zhou)邊眼鉆孔(kong)數量從(cong)39個下降(jiang)為(wei)23個費用(yong)節(jie)約41%,混凝(ning)土噴射每延米節(jie)約1.37立方(fang)米。聚能水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)比水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)每循環節(jie)約費用(yong)258.4元,即每延米節(jie)約76較元,節(jie)約費用(yong)比例達32%。此(ci)外,聚能水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)光(guang)(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)破(po)能有(you)效(xiao)降(jiang)低(di)隧道內石渣塊度和(he)(he)粉塵含量,還可使通(tong)風(feng)時(shi)間有(you)效(xiao)縮(suo)短33%。
施工因(yin)(yin)其復(fu)雜(za)性(xing)、專(zhuan)業(ye)性(xing)、危險性(xing),稍有不(bu)(bu)慎,將(jiang)對(dui)人民的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)財產(chan)(chan)安全(quan)造(zao)成不(bu)(bu)可估(gu)量的損(sun)失(shi),例如(ru)廣東(dong)宏大(da)寧夏“10.16”、山東(dong)保(bao)利“5.20”等重(zhong)大(da)安全(quan)事(shi)故。因(yin)(yin)此,相(xiang)較其他行業(ye),國家出臺的相(xiang)關法律法規多(duo)、專(zhuan)、嚴(yan),從爆(bao)破(po)材料(炸藥(yao)、雷管、導(dao)(dao)爆(bao)索(suo)?管?及(ji)(ji)相(xiang)關材料)的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、購(gou)進、運輸、儲存、發(fa)放、布網、連接(jie)、起(qi)爆(bao)、排(pai)爆(bao)等一系列程(cheng)(cheng)序均(jun)有嚴(yan)格的法律規定(ding)和科學的操(cao)作規程(cheng)(cheng),并且相(xiang)關從業(ye)單位和人員均(jun)應(ying)(ying)取得相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)資(zi)質。做為各類爆(bao)破(po)中不(bu)(bu)可或(huo)(huo)缺的一種導(dao)(dao)線(xian),特別不(bu)(bu)同(tong)于一般的電線(xian)電纜(lan),其質量要(yao)(yao)求及(ji)(ji)各項(xiang)技(ji)術參數也與普通(tong)電線(xian)電纜(lan)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)。部分家庭作坊(fang)式的電線(xian)電纜(lan)廠無科學的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)工藝(yi)、無基本的檢測(ce)設備、無專(zhuan)業(ye)的技(ji)術人員,甚至不(bu)(bu)知道爆(bao)破(po)線(xian)的質量要(yao)(yao)求和技(ji)術參數,更不(bu)(bu)可能制訂自己的企業(ye)標準(zhun),僅憑簡(jian)陋的設備、以粗糙的模仿進行生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經營活(huo)(huo)動,致使市(shi)場充斥著假冒偽劣(lie)產(chan)(chan)品(pin),導(dao)(dao)致爆(bao)破(po)中提前或(huo)(huo)延遲起(qi)爆(bao)、盲炮(pao)增加且強制排(pai)爆(bao)困難(nan),給人身(shen)安全(quan)和財產(chan)(chan)以及(ji)(ji)正常的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經營活(huo)(huo)動造(zao)成了不(bu)(bu)可估(gu)量的損(sun)失(shi)。
水(shui)壓光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)較水(shui)壓光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po),在(zai)周邊(bian)眼(yan)單循環火工品使(shi)用(yong)量(liang)上節(jie)(jie)約費(fei)(fei)用(yong)8.3%,周邊(bian)眼(yan)鉆孔數(shu)量(liang)從39個下降為(wei)23個費(fei)(fei)用(yong)節(jie)(jie)約41%,混凝土噴射每(mei)延米節(jie)(jie)約1.37立方(fang)米。水(shui)壓光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)比水(shui)壓光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)每(mei)循環節(jie)(jie)約費(fei)(fei)用(yong)258.4元(yuan),即每(mei)延米節(jie)(jie)約76較元(yuan),節(jie)(jie)約費(fei)(fei)用(yong)比例達32%。此(ci)外,聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)水(shui)壓光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)能(neng)(neng)(neng)有效(xiao)降低隧道內石(shi)渣塊度和(he)粉塵含量(liang),還可使(shi)通風時間有效(xiao)縮短33%。聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)工藝技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)很(hen)成熟、可操作性很(hen)強、材料成本很(hen)低、施(shi)工速度很(hen)快、節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)環保效(xiao)果很(hen)顯著、經濟(ji)效(xiao)益社會效(xiao)益很(hen)高。聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)定向爆(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)是近幾年發展起(qi)來(lai)的一(yi)項掘(jue)進(jin)新(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu),這種爆(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)與傳統(tong)的光(guang)(guang)(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)有一(yi)定的差別,聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)定向爆(bao)破(po)(po)原理(li)是在(zai)巷道周邊(bian)眼(yan)中,將炸裝在(zai)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)中起(qi)爆(bao),爆(bao)破(po)(po)時利用(yong)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)(guan)的聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)作用(yong),以減少裂(lie)隙的數(shu)量(liang)和(he)控(kong)制優勢裂(lie)隙的發展方(fang)向。
在鐵路、礦山、水庫等大型工程中,c型聚能管公司爆破技術的作用很關鍵很重要。采礦修路的開山挖隧道,城市對舊建筑物的拆除,都會用到爆破技術。隨著經濟的發展、工程建設的增多,專業c型聚能管爆破(po)引(yin)起了人們更多的關注。爆破(po)聚能(neng)管作(zuo)為一(yi)(yi)(yi)種科學技術,應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)很廣,但在(zai)工程上的應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)無疑(yi)是(shi)(shi)重要(yao)(yao)、常見的,采礦開(kai)山(shan),修鐵路、公(gong)路用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鉆爆法來開(kai)掘隧(sui)道(dao),水利工程上也用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些,城市(shi)里面也使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)了,拆除樓房。利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)炸爆炸產(chan)生的巨大能(neng)量破(po)壞某種物體(ti)的原(yuan)結構,這種"破(po)壞"效果(guo)不是(shi)(shi)其他方(fang)法能(neng)代替的,它雖(sui)然不是(shi)(shi)獨立完成一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)工程,但卻是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)重要(yao)(yao)的工序,特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)石方(fang)開(kai)挖、礦山(shan)開(kai)采等(deng)工程缺少(shao)了這個(ge)(ge)工序還(huan)不行。中國目(mu)前有發達的鐵路和公(gong)路交(jiao)通網,可(ke)以想象,當初在(zai)修這些路的時(shi)候會遇到(dao)許多高山(shan)峻嶺,一(yi)(yi)(yi)座大山(shan)橫在(zai)兩地之(zhi)間(jian),想要(yao)(yao)修路,就(jiu)必須(xu)讓這座山(shan)消失,這個(ge)(ge)時(shi)候聚能(neng)管爆破(po)就(jiu)起到(dao)決(jue)定性(xing)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)了。
預裂(lie)與(yu)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術的(de)(de)歷史與(yu)現(xian)狀:預裂(lie)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)是沿設計開挖邊(bian)(bian)界布置(zhi)密(mi)集炮孔,采取不耦合裝藥或裝填低威力(li)炸藥,在(zai)(zai)主爆(bao)區之前起爆(bao),從而在(zai)(zai)爆(bao)區與(yu)保留(liu)區之間(jian)形(xing)成預裂(lie)縫,以減弱(ruo)主爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)對保留(liu)巖體的(de)(de)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)壞并(bing)形(xing)成平(ping)整(zheng)輪廓面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)作業。光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)是沿設計開挖邊(bian)(bian)界布設密(mi)集炮孔,采用(yong)不耦合裝藥或裝填低威力(li)炸藥,在(zai)(zai)主爆(bao)區爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)之后起爆(bao)的(de)(de)以形(xing)成平(ping)整(zheng)的(de)(de)開挖輪廓面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)作業。爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術的(de)(de)發展(zhan)是先出現(xian)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po),然(ran)后衍生發展(zhan)為預裂(lie)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)。聚能管國(guo)內歷史與(yu)現(xian)狀,我國(guo)于1964~1965年(nian)在(zai)(zai)湖(hu)北陸(lu)水水電站(zhan)施工中做(zuo)過淺孔預裂(lie)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)試驗,1965年(nian)鐵(tie)(tie)道部門在(zai)(zai)成昆(kun)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)建設中開始(shi)試驗光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po),1977年(nian)在(zai)(zai)西(xi)延(yan)線張家(jia)船工點,全長近(jin)200m的(de)(de)2000m2路(lu)塹邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)全部采用(yong)光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po),爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)后邊(bian)(bian)坡(po)平(ping)整(zheng)穩定,殘留(liu)的(de)(de)半(ban)孔清(qing)晰可見,是鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)建設中采用(yong)路(lu)塹光(guang)面(mian)(mian)爆(bao)破(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)。
在(zai)工程爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中,常用的(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)有(you)(you):電(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)火索起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)索起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)、導(dao)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)。電(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)是(shi)利(li)用電(dian)(dian)能使(shi)雷管(guan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸,進而起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)芳法(fa)。它所需的(de)(de)(de)(de)器材有(you)(you):電(dian)(dian)雷管(guan)、導(dao)線和(he)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)網(wang)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)連接形式,要(yao)(yao)根據爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)方(fang)法(fa)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)規模、工程的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)性、所選(xuan)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)源及(ji)其(qi)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)能力等(deng)進行選(xuan)擇,基本連接方(fang)式有(you)(you):串(chuan)(chuan)聯(lian)、并(bing)聯(lian)、串(chuan)(chuan)并(bing)聯(lian)和(he)并(bing)串(chuan)(chuan)聯(lian)等(deng)。電(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)法(fa)具(ju)有(you)(you)較安全、可靠、準確、高效等(deng)優點,在(zai)國內外仍占有(you)(you)較大(da)比(bi)重。在(zai)大(da)、中型爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中,主要(yao)(yao)仍是(shi)用電(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。特別是(shi)在(zai)有(you)(you)瓦斯、礦塵(chen)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸的(de)(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)中,電(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)是(shi)主要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)法(fa)。但電(dian)(dian)力起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)容易(yi)受(shou)各種電(dian)(dian)信號的(de)(de)(de)(de)干擾而發生(sheng)早爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao),因(yin)此在(zai)有(you)(you)雜散電(dian)(dian)、靜電(dian)(dian)、雷電(dian)(dian)、射頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)、高壓感(gan)應電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)中,不能使(shi)用普通電(dian)(dian)雷管(guan)。