專業雙向爆破聚能管施工工藝嚴格遵循六字方針(掛滿、貼緊、對準)：(1)要保證炮眼打眼質量,炮眼必須按技術要求合理布置。(2)要保證掏槽眼以及其他眼眼的打眼質量,一定要在規定位置上打眼;二南京雙向爆破聚能管要(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)炮眼深度和(he)角度。(3)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能管裝藥時,要(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)乳化炸(zha)藥在(zai)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能管中(zhong)空(kong)內(nei)壁中(zhong)填充飽滿(man)不(bu)得有空(kong)隙(xi)出現時以產(chan)生拒(ju)爆(bao)。(4)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能管在(zai)炮眼中(zhong)裝填時,要(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能管的(de)兩條聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能槽(cao)指向(xiang)巷道輪(lun)廓(kuo)線方向(xiang)并且各個炮眼聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能管的(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能槽(cao)軸線方面(mian)要(yao)(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)相互連(lian)接在(zai)隧道輪(lun)廓(kuo)線上。否則成型效果不(bu)僅不(bu)好,反而更差(cha)。(5)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)炮眼堵(du)塞質(zhi)量。(6)放(fang)炮員應提前(qian)按(an)規定裝好聚(ju)(ju)(ju)能管的(de)炸(zha)藥,并做好準備(bei)工(gong)作(zuo)。試用范圍(wei):一級至五級圍(wei)巖的(de)光面(mian)爆(bao)破(po)工(gong)程。

水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破技(ji)術基礎(chu)上發展(zhan)起(qi)來的一(yi)項新技(ji)術，其掏槽眼(yan)、輔(fu)助(zhu)眼(yan)裝藥(yao)結構和爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破方(fang)(fang)式與(yu)水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破相同，但在周邊眼(yan)中(zhong)安裝專用(yong)(yong)線性聚(ju)能藥(yao)管(guan)替代常規爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破藥(yao)卷和傳爆(bao)(bao)(bao)線，利用(yong)(yong)線性聚(ju)能藥(yao)管(guan)產生的粒子射流動能、高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破氣(qi)體應力及“氣(qi)楔”作用(yong)(yong)，形(xing)成平整圓順的開挖輪廓(kuo)面(mian)，對(dui)控制超欠挖具有良好效(xiao)(xiao)果，有效(xiao)(xiao)提升了(le)隧道施工(gong)質量(liang)、進度(du)和經濟效(xiao)(xiao)益。水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破較(jiao)水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破，在周邊眼(yan)單循環(huan)火工(gong)品使(shi)用(yong)(yong)量(liang)上節(jie)(jie)約(yue)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)8.3%，周邊眼(yan)鉆孔(kong)數(shu)量(liang)從(cong)39個下(xia)降(jiang)為23個費(fei)用(yong)(yong)節(jie)(jie)約(yue)41%，混凝土噴射每延米(mi)(mi)節(jie)(jie)約(yue)1.37立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)。聚(ju)能水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破比(bi)水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破每循環(huan)節(jie)(jie)約(yue)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)258.4元，即每延米(mi)(mi)節(jie)(jie)約(yue)76較(jiao)元，節(jie)(jie)約(yue)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)比(bi)例達32%。此外，聚(ju)能水(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破能有效(xiao)(xiao)降(jiang)低隧道內石渣(zha)塊度(du)和粉(fen)塵含量(liang)，還可使(shi)通風時間有效(xiao)(xiao)縮短33%。

給(gei)大家介紹下(xia)爆破(po)聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術原(yuan)理∶炸藥(yao)爆炸產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆轟波(bo)通過聚能(neng)(neng)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)聚能(neng)(neng)槽，將炸藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)能(neng)(neng)、勢能(neng)(neng)轉換(huan)成高壓(ya)、高速、高能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)射流，切割演示(shi)成縫(feng)(feng)。射流在孔(kong)壁產(chan)生射流壓(ya)力達7000MPa，巖(yan)石(shi)動(dong)載抗壓(ya)強度為200MPa，抗拉(la)為1/8～1/10的(de)(de)(de)(de)抗壓(ya)強度，相(xiang)鄰兩炮孔(kong)互為鄰空面，疊(die)加后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)縮波(bo)變為稀(xi)疏波(bo)，在兩炮眼連(lian)線上(shang)使(shi)巖(yan)石(shi)結構斷(duan)裂(lie)，形成裂(lie)紋。準靜態氣(qi)體膨脹，靜態壓(ya)力在兩炮孔(kong)最短(duan)連(lian)線兩側(ce)產(chan)生拉(la)力使(shi)巖(yan)石(shi)裂(lie)縫(feng)(feng)進一步(bu)擴(kuo)展。根據(ju)爆破(po)應力集中氣(qi)刃作用原(yuan)則，爆破(po)氣(qi)體沿裂(lie)縫(feng)(feng)進一步(bu)擴(kuo)大貫通，拋落巖(yan)石(shi)。

聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包由炸(zha)、形(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)、隔板、殼體、引信和(he)(he)(he)支架等部(bu)分(fen)組成(cheng)，其(qi)作用(yong)及(ji)對(dui)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包威力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)分(fen)述如下(xia)。1．炸(zha)，炸(zha)是(shi)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)爆(bao)破的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源，炸(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)壓(ya)(ya)越(yue)大(da)，聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)彈(dan)威力(li)越(yue)大(da)；為得(de)到高(gao)(gao)爆(bao)壓(ya)(ya)，需高(gao)(gao)爆(bao)速、高(gao)(gao)密(mi)(mi)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)炸(zha)。常用(yong)炸(zha)有梯恩梯、8321炸(zha)等，裝(zhuang)方法有熔鑄，塑(su)裝(zhuang)和(he)(he)(he)壓(ya)(ya)裝(zhuang)多(duo)(duo)種。2．型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)是(shi)把(ba)炸(zha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)炸(zha)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉化成(cheng)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)體材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)射流動能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，從而(er)提高(gao)(gao)其(qi)穿透(tou)和(he)(he)(he)切割(ge)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)。型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料必須滿足四點要(yao)求，即(ji)可壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)性(xing)(xing)小、密(mi)(mi)度高(gao)(gao)、塑(su)性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)延展性(xing)(xing)好，在形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)射流中(zhong)不汽化。大(da)量試(shi)驗證明，用(yong)紫(zi)銅制作型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)效果好，其(qi)次為鑄鐵、鋼和(he)(he)(he)陶瓷(ci)。型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)狀多(duo)(duo)種多(duo)(duo)樣，主要(yao)有軸(zhou)對(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，如圓(yuan)錐形(xing)(xing)、半(ban)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)、拋物線形(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)喇叭形(xing)(xing)等；面對(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，常見的(de)(de)(de)(de)有用(yong)于切割(ge)屬板材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)直線形(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)用(yong)于切割(ge)管(guan)材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環形(xing)(xing)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)兩種；中(zhong)心(xin)對(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，這種球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)包，中(zhong)心(xin)有球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)空腔(qiang)和(he)(he)(he)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)外敷設炸(zha)，若(ruo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在瞬間(jian)同(tong)時起爆(bao)，可在空腔(qiang)中(zhong)心(xin)點獲得(de)極大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量集(ji)中(zhong)。在工(gong)程中(zhong)常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)軸(zhou)對(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)面對(dui)稱型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)兩類(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)。

采(cai)(cai)用(yong)一種抗靜電阻燃的(de)特種塑(su)料管(guan)(guan)、異形雙槽(cao)聚(ju)(ju)能管(guan)(guan)，根據炮眼(yan)深度可(ke)長可(ke)短。是兩(liang)個相(xiang)似(si)半(ban)壁管(guan)(guan)組成(cheng)(cheng)，半(ban)壁管(guan)(guan)中央(yang)有個凹進(jin)去的(de)槽(cao)叫做'聚(ju)(ju)能槽(cao)"，使用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能管(guan)(guan)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)效果好，開挖(wa)輪廓線平順整齊，圍巖擾動減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)、超欠挖(wa)明顯改善，有利于支護工(gong)序施工(gong)，同時混凝土回填成(cheng)(cheng)本大為(wei)降(jiang)低(di)。鑿孔(kong)(kong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)30%，大大降(jiang)低(di)了(le)(le)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破作(zuo)業工(gong)班的(de)勞動量(liang):鉆孔(kong)(kong)縮短30分(fen)鐘、少(shao)(shao)打眼(yan)、出渣量(liang)減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)，降(jiang)低(di)了(le)(le)材料成(cheng)(cheng)本、減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)工(gong)時消(xiao)耗、勞動效率(lv)(lv)(lv)明顯提高，周邊眼(yan)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破成(cheng)(cheng)本降(jiang)低(di)30%以上(shang)(shang)，半(ban)眼(yan)痕保留(liu)率(lv)(lv)(lv)高達85%以上(shang)(shang)。pvc爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破聚(ju)(ju)能管(guan)(guan)主(zhu)要應用(yong)于隧道(dao)、煤礦(kuang)、鐵礦(kuang)等需要進(jin)行光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破施工(gong)的(de)工(gong)程(cheng)。采(cai)(cai)用(yong)聚(ju)(ju)能管(guan)(guan)的(de)光面(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破可(ke)減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)鉆孔(kong)(kong)，擴大孔(kong)(kong)距(ju)，減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)導爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)用(yong)量(liang)，減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)超挖(wa)，減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)噴(pen)漿(jiang)，提高半(ban)孔(kong)(kong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)，既(ji)節(jie)省了(le)(le)成(cheng)(cheng)本又提高了(le)(le)施工(gong)效率(lv)(lv)(lv)。

預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)與(yu)光面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)歷史與(yu)現狀：預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)是沿(yan)設(she)(she)計(ji)開(kai)挖(wa)邊界(jie)布(bu)置密(mi)集(ji)炮孔，采(cai)(cai)取不耦(ou)合裝(zhuang)藥或裝(zhuang)填低威(wei)力炸藥，在(zai)(zai)主(zhu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區(qu)之(zhi)前起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，從而在(zai)(zai)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區(qu)與(yu)保留區(qu)之(zhi)間形成(cheng)預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)縫，以減弱主(zhu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)對保留巖體的(de)(de)(de)破(po)(po)(po)壞并形成(cheng)平(ping)(ping)整(zheng)輪(lun)廓(kuo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)作業。光面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)是沿(yan)設(she)(she)計(ji)開(kai)挖(wa)邊界(jie)布(bu)設(she)(she)密(mi)集(ji)炮孔，采(cai)(cai)用(yong)不耦(ou)合裝(zhuang)藥或裝(zhuang)填低威(wei)力炸藥，在(zai)(zai)主(zhu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)區(qu)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)之(zhi)后起爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)以形成(cheng)平(ping)(ping)整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)挖(wa)輪(lun)廓(kuo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)作業。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)發展是先出(chu)現光面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，然后衍(yan)生發展為預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)。聚(ju)能管國內(nei)歷史與(yu)現狀，我國于(yu)1964～1965年(nian)在(zai)(zai)湖(hu)北(bei)陸水(shui)水(shui)電站施工中做過淺孔預(yu)裂(lie)(lie)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)試(shi)驗(yan)，1965年(nian)鐵(tie)(tie)道部門在(zai)(zai)成(cheng)昆鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)建設(she)(she)中開(kai)始試(shi)驗(yan)光面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，1977年(nian)在(zai)(zai)西延線張家船工點，全長近(jin)200m的(de)(de)(de)2000m2路(lu)塹邊坡全部采(cai)(cai)用(yong)光面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)，爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)后邊坡平(ping)(ping)整(zheng)穩定(ding)，殘(can)留的(de)(de)(de)半孔清晰可見，是鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)建設(she)(she)中采(cai)(cai)用(yong)路(lu)塹光面(mian)(mian)(mian)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)(po)(po)。