是由管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)、前(qian)(qian)錐形(xing)(xing)定格(ge)(ge)帽、后(hou)定格(ge)(ge)堵(du)(du)構成,管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)為(wei)(wei)塑(su)性(xing)材料制(zhi)成,呈管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)狀,管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)小于正常炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing),長(chang)度可隨爆破需(xu)要生產(chan),管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)兩端(duan)各(ge)有(you)外(wai)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen),兩端(duan)外(wai)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)間有(you)一縱向(xiang)切(qie)縫,切(qie)縫間等距有(you)加強(qiang)筋,前(qian)(qian)錐形(xing)(xing)定格(ge)(ge)帽呈傘(san)狀,傘(san)形(xing)(xing)尖有(you)一光孔,兩側直壁內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)有(you)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen),與(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)前(qian)(qian)端(duan)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)配合(he),帽體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)大于管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti),后(hou)定格(ge)(ge)堵(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)一封蓋(gai),外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)直徑(jing)(jing)大于管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing),與(yu)(yu)前(qian)(qian)錐形(xing)(xing)定格(ge)(ge)帽外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)一致,后(hou)定格(ge)(ge)堵(du)(du)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)有(you)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen),與(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)后(hou)端(duan)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)配合(he)。可根據炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)深(shen)度采用(yong)合(he)適的聚能(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti),不需(xu)其(qi)他工具(ju)幫助送入炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan),切(qie)縫方向(xiang)準(zhun)確(que),兩端(duan)的前(qian)(qian)錐形(xing)(xing)定格(ge)(ge)帽和(he)后(hou)定格(ge)(ge)堵(du)(du)外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)與(yu)(yu)炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan)(yan)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)一致,保證(zheng)聚能(neng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)同心,定向(xiang)準(zhun)確(que)。且利于工業化生產(chan),作業安全
在工程爆破中,礦用型聚能管價格常用的起爆方法有:電力起爆法、導火索起爆法、導爆索起爆法、導爆管起爆法。電力起爆法是利用電能使雷管爆炸,進而起爆炸藥的起爆芳法。它所需的器材有:電雷管、導線和起爆電源。電爆網路的連接形式,要根據爆破方法、爆破規模、工程的重要性、所選起爆電源及其起爆能力等進行選擇,臨沂礦用型聚能管基本連接(jie)方式有(you):串聯、并聯、串并聯和并串聯等(deng)(deng)。電力起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)法具有(you)較(jiao)安全(quan)、可靠、準確、高效等(deng)(deng)優(you)點(dian),在國內外仍(reng)(reng)占有(you)較(jiao)大比重(zhong)。在大、中(zhong)型爆(bao)(bao)破中(zhong),主(zhu)要(yao)仍(reng)(reng)是用電力起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)。特別是在有(you)瓦斯、礦塵爆(bao)(bao)炸的環境(jing)中(zhong),電力起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)是主(zhu)要(yao)的起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)方法。但電力起(qi)(qi)爆(bao)(bao)容易受(shou)各(ge)種電信號的干擾(rao)而(er)發生早(zao)爆(bao)(bao),因此在有(you)雜散電、靜電、雷電、射頻電、高壓感應電的環境(jing)中(zhong),不能(neng)使用普通電雷管。
我(wo)國20世(shi)紀60年(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)利用(yong)斷裂(lie)力學(xue)對巖(yan)石(shi)損傷引起的裂(lie)紋擴展(zhan)進(jin)行過(guo)試(shi)驗研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu),為聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)爆破技術(shu)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)到(dao)工(gong)(gong)程做(zuo)了不少理(li)論分析,也取(qu)得(de)(de)一些進(jin)展(zhan)。80年(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)中期開(kai)始進(jin)行應(ying)(ying)用(yong)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu),以北京礦業學(xue)院為代(dai)(dai)表(biao),著重研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)了聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)藥包切(qie)割(ge)饑理(li)和應(ying)(ying)用(yong)。1987年(nian)(nian)淮(huai)南礦業學(xue)院取(qu)得(de)(de)“雙(shuang)面切(qie)割(ge)器”的zhuanli,1995年(nian)(nian)又取(qu)得(de)(de)“大理(li)石(shi)花崗巖(yan)切(qie)割(ge)技術(shu)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)”zhuanli。1991年(nian)(nian)中國水電(dian)七局曾試(shi)圖采用(yong)硬質紙(zhi)加工(gong)(gong)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)藥管成形聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)藥卷做(zuo)過(guo)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)預裂(lie)爆破試(shi)驗研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu),但終因當時的技術(shu)及工(gong)(gong)藝水平(ping)的限制無(wu)法用(yong)于正常施(shi)工(gong)(gong),但是他們開(kai)了橢圓雙(shuang)極(ji)線性聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)結構試(shi)驗的先河。雙(shuang)聚(ju)能(neng)(neng)預裂(lie)與光面爆破綜合技術(shu)開(kai)創輪廓控制爆破新時代(dai)(dai)。
水壓(ya)(ya)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)是(shi)在(zai)炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)兩(liang)(liang)端填充水袋,中間裝上乳化炸(zha),炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)再用炮(pao)(pao)泥封(feng)死,炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)間距很大,兩(liang)(liang)個炮(pao)(pao)空之間相距了一(yi)米(mi)左(zuo)右,是(shi)常(chang)規爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)的(de)炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)間距的(de)兩(liang)(liang)倍,這(zhe)(zhe)樣(yang)可以節省(sheng)(sheng)炮(pao)(pao)孔(kong)材料,這(zhe)(zhe)兩(liang)(liang)個凹槽(cao)又稱為聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)槽(cao),聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)槽(cao)非常(chang)重要,放置的(de)位(wei)置和(he)方(fang)向都(dou)十分講究,一(yi)點也不能(neng)出(chu)錯,在(zai)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)的(de)瞬間,高溫高壓(ya)(ya)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)射流(liu)立即往凹槽(cao)兩(liang)(liang)邊(bian)的(de)巖石進(jin)行切(qie)割(ge),巖石如同豆(dou)腐一(yi)樣(yang)輕松被(bei)切(qie)割(ge)切(qie)割(ge)出(chu)來(lai)的(de)輪廓(kuo)線十分平(ping)順,效(xiao)果極(ji)好,聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)水壓(ya)(ya)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)中的(de)水袋沒(mei)有降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)的(de)效(xiao)果,反而能(neng)保護隧道周邊(bian)植被(bei),減少地質擾動,降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)煙塵,重要的(de)是(shi)節省(sheng)(sheng)炸(zha)成本(ben),在(zai)未來(lai)這(zhe)(zhe)項技(ji)術會廣泛應用于工程中,降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)施(shi)工成本(ben)。爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)聚(ju)(ju)能(neng)管水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po)較水壓(ya)(ya)光(guang)面爆(bao)(bao)(bao)破(po),在(zai)周邊(bian)眼單循環火工品使(shi)用量上節約(yue)費(fei)用8.3%,周邊(bian)眼鉆(zhan)孔(kong)數量從39個下降(jiang)(jiang)為23個費(fei)用節約(yue)41%,混(hun)凝土(tu)噴射每延米(mi)節約(yue)1.37立方(fang)米(mi)。